中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句一．定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有：關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三．關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IthappnedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.2.where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Let’slookforaplacewherewecanswim.3.why指原因，其先行詞常是reason，在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which的情況1.先行詞為：all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞本身就是最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞時(shí)。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)。Heistheonlymanthatcandothework.6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)，Whoisthegirlthatisdrawingapicture?【練習(xí)】用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt___________Iboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabook________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalkC.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that()11．Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()12.That'sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what()13.Haveyouseentheman_____planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them()14.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes____offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen()15.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which()16.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich()17._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho()18.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()19.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was()20.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which【真題練習(xí)】1.Therearelotsofthings Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.who B.whom C.whose3.—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______?A.left B.wasleaving C.hasleft D.hadleft4.Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren_____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.A.which B.when C.who D.whose5.Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?A.who B.which C.when6.）Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whom B.when C.whose D.who7.—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who8.Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?A.when B.what C.that9.Friendsarethosemakeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceedAwhichBwhatCwhomDwho10.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_______HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.that B.which C.where D.when11.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat______youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which12.Thisisthenovel______iswrittenbyGuoJingming.A.whoB.whatC.thatD./13.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.when C.whoseD.who14.Thegirl_________issittingunderthebigtreeisLynn’scousin.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which15.It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalwaysrememberthepeople_______havehelpedme.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where16.ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adisease______hascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what17.Disneyisanamusementpark_______youcanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when18.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which19.(Theskirt_________ismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.A.whatB./C.thatD.it20.Iliketheteacher________classesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose21.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom22.ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what23.Weshouldgivelovetothechildren_______lost