中考英語語法復習學案 定語從句

定語從句一．定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞有：關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三．關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語IthappnedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.2.where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中做地點狀語Let’slookforaplacewherewecanswim.3.why指原因，其先行詞常是reason，在句中做原因狀語Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which的情況1.先行詞為：all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時。Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞本身就是最高級或序數(shù)詞時。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.4.先行詞既指人又指物時。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時。Heistheonlymanthatcandothework.6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which,為了避免重復時，Whoisthegirlthatisdrawingapicture?【練習】用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt___________Iboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabook________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.單項選擇()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalkC.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that()11．Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()12.That'sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what()13.Haveyouseentheman_____planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them()14.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes____offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen()15.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which()16.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich()17._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho()18.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()19.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was()20.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which【真題練習】1.Therearelotsofthings Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.who B.whom C.whose3.—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______?A.left B.wasleaving C.hasleft D.hadleft4.Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren_____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.A.which B.when C.who D.whose5.Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?A.who B.which C.when6.）Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whom B.when C.whose D.who7.—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who8.Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?A.when B.what C.that9.Friendsarethosemakeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceedAwhichBwhatCwhomDwho10.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_______HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.that B.which C.where D.when11.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat______youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which12.Thisisthenovel______iswrittenbyGuoJingming.A.whoB.whatC.thatD./13.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.when C.whoseD.who14.Thegirl_________issittingunderthebigtreeisLynn’scousin.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which15.It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalwaysrememberthepeople_______havehelpedme.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where16.ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adisease______hascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what17.Disneyisanamusementpark_______youcanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when18.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which19.(Theskirt_________ismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.A.whatB./C.thatD.it20.Iliketheteacher________classesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose21.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom22.ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what23.Weshouldgivelovetothechildren_______lost