初中英語代詞講解

Pronoun代詞人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞相互代詞疑問代詞關(guān)系代詞不定代詞一.概念二、分類:按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：主格I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

賓格

me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。用來代替上文中提到過的人或物。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。sth…;sb…;both…;all…;no;another,others…ItwasIwhometherin...ItwasherwhoImetin...Itishewhoteaches…Itisuswhoheteaches.

HeteachesusP.E.

1.人稱代詞主格:

I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

賓格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主語時用主格，用作賓語、表語時用賓格。

但在強調(diào)句型中,被強調(diào)的代詞的主格賓格保持不變。在省略謂語的句子中,用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.I’veknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusan’se-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:Me.

Imetherinthebar.在用than、as表示比較的句子中用主格,賓格都可以

Heistallerthanme/I.Icanrunasfastashe/him.但有時用主格與賓格意義不同，如：1.Heloveshermorethan

I=HeloveshermorethanIloveher.2.Helovesher

morethan

me=Heloveshermorethanhelovesme.3.IlikeBobasmuchas

him.=IlikebothBobandhim.4.IlikeBobasmuchas

he.=IlikeBobandhelikesBob,too.2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時,其次序排列原則:二三一人稱.“我”總是放在最后,在并列主語中,排列順序為:

you,she/heandI,

并列賓格:you,her/himandme,

3)人稱代詞的特殊用法：

we/you在口語中常用來泛指一般人。she,her

通常用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。

You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.Liaskedyou,Tomandmetocleanthewindows.YoulearnEnglishbetterifyoustayinanEnglish-speakingcountry.TheTitanic,thelargestshipatthattimestarted

herfirstjourneyonasunnyday.Chinaismymotherland,Althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow,Istillloveherverymuch.

it的用法:1).代替上文中提到的動物、無生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性別不明顯的嬰兒3)指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只聞其聲未見其人的,非活生生的具體真人。4)指代天氣、時間、距離

A:Who’sthemanbesideyouinthephoto?B:It’smycousinHenry.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Whocanitbe?B:Ibetit’sMike.Iwarnedhimnottosmoke,butitdidn’thelp.Lookatthebaby,it’ssocute/lovely.ItisWednesdaytoday.Itneverrainsbutitpours!Itistenminutes’walkfrommyhousetothepark.ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai.5)用于強調(diào)句6)在一些慣用結(jié)構(gòu)中作形式主語或形式賓語ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskind/niceofyoutohelpmewithmymath.Ifind/thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday.Itisourdutytostudyhard.It’sapleasureformetoplaytheguitarforyouall.Itisapitythatyoumissedthefootballmatch.ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItwasreportedthatarobberyhappenedhere.Itseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess.Itdoesn’tmatterwhattheywillsay.Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that(強調(diào)人可用who)+剩余部分

HeteachesusP.E.Itishewhoteaches…/Itisus…

makeit（口語）獲得成功;

takeiteasy從容，不著急letitgo不去理會,隨它去（不屑或懶得多說或做什么）

this/thatisit

這/那正是我(們)所需要的;這/那正是失敗的原因所在；這/那正是最后的結(jié)果了。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.Ittakesmetenminutestogotoschoolonfoot.Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000.Westillhavehalfanhour,Takeiteasy!Idon’tagreewithhim,butlwillitgoatthat.Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme,butIletitgo.I’vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit.I’mafraidthat’sit,wehavelostthematch!2.物主代詞形容詞性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

名詞性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

adj

物主代詞屬于限定詞,后面必須有n,只能作定語。

n性物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于“adj

詞性物主代詞+n”既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用，

Thisisn’therpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主語Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.賓語Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介詞賓語:雙重屬格為：a/an,this,that…+n+of+n性物主代詞

afriendofmine.eachbrotherofhis.形容詞own常用在形容詞性物主代詞后面加強語氣

one’sown+名詞=.名詞ofone’sown

Ihavemyowncar/friends=Ihaveacar/friendsofmyown.Isawit

withmyowneyes!含有物主代詞的詞組

onone’sown=byoneself獨立地，獨自地try/doone’sbesttodosth竭盡全力做某事loseone’sway/temper/life.迷路/發(fā)脾氣/喪命loseone’shearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith…鐘情于inone’sforties/fifties在某人40/50來歲的時候doone’shomework做作業(yè)；inone’sopinion依某人看beone’sownmaster/mistress獨立自主keep/loseone’sbalance(

因保持/失去平衡而)穩(wěn)住/倒下Keep/loseone’shead保持鎮(zhèn)定/昏頭，沖動Keep/breakone’spromise信守/違背諾言keep/breakone’sword守信/失信,食言

eatone’swords承認(rèn)自己說錯話onone’swaytospinone’sfree/sparetime在某人的閑暇時光holdone’sbreath屏息;loseone’sbreath氣喘吁吁toone’ssurprise/disappointment令某人驚訝/失望的是1).作動詞的賓語Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimelastnight.

Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.

2).作介詞的賓語She’sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.I’mconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.3).作表語:I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.What’swrongwithyou?Youdon’tlookyourselftoday.

4).作同位語，起強調(diào)作用

Thebookitselfisgood,butitisn’tsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代詞myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自學(xué)…buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself為自己買…calloneselfawriter/JayChou自稱作家/周杰論introduceoneself自我介紹；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神貫注于;獻(xiàn)身于behaveoneself舉止規(guī)范;expressoneself表達(dá)思想hurtoneself弄傷自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome…隨便吃/喝點….makeoneselfathome,放松；別拘束makeoneselfunderstood讓別人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考慮自己多于別人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一樣健康byoneself=onone’sown獨自地;獨立地一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組

指示代詞的句法功能:作主語、賓語、介詞賓語:4.指示代詞:指示代詞的特殊指代功能：

1.介紹別人時要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this

常指下文中要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；

that

則指上文中提到過的人/事物有承上的作用。this,these

一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that,those

常指時間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。Iwanttotellyouthis:Thepartywillbeputoff.Hehurthislegyesterday.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.1ThisisthebestwaytodolearnEnglish.

2Ilikethisbetterthanthat.3Idon‘twanttotalkaboutthat.4.若用于指代與前面提及的同類事物,若該n的修飾語在

后,則多用that(單數(shù)n和不可數(shù)n),

those(復(fù)數(shù)n);ThetrafficonHuminRoadisheavierthanthatonGuilinR.TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinShanghai.Thebook

onthedeskisasnewastheone/thatontheshelf.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.

3.打電話時“你”“我”不用“you”“I”

而要用that,

this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.5.that和those可作定語從句的先行詞,

those常用來指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell.Thosewhoalwaysworkhardaresuretosucceed.

指示代詞還可作限定詞:ThatboyisBob.Thesetreesareours.

this

morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/

Wednesday/autumn/year/term

thistime,thisway5.相互代詞eachother,oneanothereachother指兩個人/物之間,oneanother指多個之間,但

eachother

常用來代替oneanother相互代詞只能作動詞和介詞的賓語

相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Treescancommunicatewitheachother.AnnandJaneoftensharesnackswitheachotherAlthoughthey’vetalkedforfivehours,theydon’tknoweachother'snames.

6.疑問代詞:指人:who,whom,whose;指物:

what;指人/物:which疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語,位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。who問姓名/關(guān)系,what

問職業(yè)等2)whom是who的賓格,作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口

語中可用who代替,

但在介詞后只能用whom,例如：

Who(m)didyoumeetonthestreet?（作動詞賓語）

Who(m)willyougivethebookto?（介賓,置句首）Towhomdidyouspeakjustnow?

3)which指一定范圍內(nèi),而what,who則無范圍限制

Whichdoyoulikebest?What/Whodoyoulikebest?4)what,which,whose

還可作限定詞。

Whatbooksdoyoulikereading?Whichbooksareyours?Whosebookisthis?就劃線部分提問1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Theman

haslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohn

acardyesterday.

6.ItisAugust1st.7.ItisTuesday.8.Itisfoggytoday.

Whoisanartist?

Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?

Whatisyours?

Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?

Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?Whereisyourcar

WhogaveJohnacaryesterday?

WhomdidSallygiveacard

toyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?

Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?9.Thereareabout1,800,000peopleinShanghai?10.Thetrousersare489dollars.11.Kennyistallandstrong,cleverandfriendlyandgoodatsportsandplayingtheguitar.12.YaoMingis226centimetres.13.Heweighs75kilos14.Myhandbagiswhite.HowmanypeoplearethereinShanghai?WhatisthepopulationofShanghai?WhatdoesKennylooklike?HowisKenny?WhatdoyouthinkofKenny?=HowdoyoulikeKenny?WhatisKennylike?HowtallisYaoMing?What’sYaoMing’sheight?

Howmuchdoesheweigh?Howheavyishe?What’shisweight?

Howmucharethetrousers?Whatisthepriceofthetrousers?Whatcolorisyourhandbag?*7.關(guān)系代詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞，包括

who,whom,which,whose,that,as.用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物;as指代整個一句話1.who,which和that用作主語,

Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作賓語,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.

Isthisthebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定語,如：

Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.4.as用作主語/賓語Asweallknow=asisknowntousall,theearthisround.主要有：由some,any,no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone,

還有all,none

any,

each,everyone,both,either,neither,one,ones,afew,few,many,alittle,little,much,another,theother,others,theothers,some,any,no等。8、不定代詞1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語）

2)

somebody=someone,某人anybody=anyone,任何人nobody=noone,沒有人everybody=everyone每個人

everyoneof=eachoneof某些人/物中的每一個

noneof(+復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)n)

某些人/物中沒有一個

nothingbutsth=onlysth,nobodybut=onlysb只有某人Oneshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhis/herappearanceorwhathe/shewears.

Thereisnothing=notanythingintheroom.Youcanaskmeforanythingifyouneed.Everythingisready,isn’t?Thereisnothingbutachairintheroom.NobodybutWendyknowsthesecret.Somebodyiscallingyoudownstairs.Nobodyenteredtheteachers’office,dothey?Anybodywillhelpyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Howmanypearsarethereonthetree?—None.Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?—None.Noneofthestudentssolvedthemathproblem,didthey?3).one,ones,

若被指代的n的修飾語在后面，則代詞多用that(單數(shù)n)和

those(復(fù)數(shù)n);若此名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,則只能用that.Theairinthecountryisfresherthanthatinthecity.Thelightoutsideisbrighterthanthatintheroom.Yourdressisbetterthanthat/theoneintheshop.Hershoesaresimilartotheones/thoseIhadyesterday.

Thewindowsofmyroomareasbigastheones/thoseofhis.

指代與上文中提到的n同類中的一個/一些,單數(shù)為one,復(fù)數(shù)為ones.one(s)可帶形容詞修飾語或限定詞:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定語從句.Thebushasgone,youhavetowaitforthenextone.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?

Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.YourMp3isnice,Iwillbuyoneatweekends.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?1.Kelly’srighteyeisgreen,its_________eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave________cake?

3.Doyoumindshowingmesome____pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis____________?5.Weneed_______fivedaystofinishthework.6.There’remanypeopleinthepark,someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand____aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,____________________arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother4.another(+單數(shù)/數(shù)字+復(fù)數(shù)),又一個/幾個(泛指)theother兩者中的另一個(前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含2的n)others(=other+復(fù)數(shù)),其他的;別的,(泛指),多與some

搭配theothers(=oth