外研版英語必修三 Module 1 Europe Grammar 課件 (共76張PPT)

Module1EuropeGrammar1&2必修三Grammar1Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.aParisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.bTheSagradaFamiliarwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntoioGaudi.cFlorence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinci.dAthensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.eTheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.Whatdoesthewordbyinthefirstthreesentencestellyou?Ittellsuswhodidtheaction.2.Isthereanydifferenceinmeaningbetweenthesetwosentences?Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.MorethaneightmilliontouristsvisitPariseveryyear.Thefocusisdifferent.InthefirstsentencesitisPariswhichismoreimportant.Inthesecondsentencewearemoreinterestedinthetourists.3.Whyisthewordbynotinthesentencedande?Thewordbyisnotinsentenced,becauseweunderstandthatitmeans“isknownbyeveryone”,andtheinclusionoftheagentwouldbesuperfluous.Thewordbyisnotinsentenceebecausewearen’tinterestedinwhobuiltit(althoughitwouldbeperfectlyalrighttoadd“byIktinoandKallikrates”here).一、何時使用被動語態(tài)1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn’tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.被動語態(tài)3.為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.形式時態(tài)助動詞be的變化形式+實(shí)意動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在一般時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)一般將來時態(tài)一般過去將來時態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)

am(is,are)

was(were)

shall(will)be

would(should)be

am(is,are)being

was(were)being+done二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)將來完成時態(tài)過去將來完成時態(tài)

has(have)been

hadbeen

shall(will)havebeen

should(would)havebeen+done三、不同形式的被動語態(tài)

含有直賓和間賓的主動結(jié)構(gòu),變?yōu)楸粍訒r可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，賓補(bǔ)不變。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.H既動詞后變做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to，變?yōu)楸粍?，必須加to。MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIwasyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。是由情態(tài)V+be+p.p.構(gòu)成。

Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.

Youmustpaymeforthis.

Imustbepaidforthis.

4.短語V的被動語態(tài)一般來講，只有及物V才有被動語態(tài),因?yàn)橹挥衯t才能有動作的承受者;但有許多由不及物動詞+介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語。因而可以有被動語態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短語V是一個不可分割的整體。變被動時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的prep或adv.這樣的短語有：lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseofTheyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire—brigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.5.有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義。Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan’topen.6.有些詞如want,need,require和beworth后面v-ing形式為主動，意義為被動。

Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動時使用形式替代詞it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It’sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.8.賓語為反身代詞，相互代詞及虛詞it時，不用被動語態(tài),只用主動。

Iwilldoitmyself.ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.9.謂語動詞是以下時，無被動。happen,belongto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,fall,last(延長),cost(花費(fèi))breakout(爆發(fā))appear,burstout(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack(缺乏)，agreewith(同意).10.據(jù)說類動詞：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…11.主動形式表被動①感官動詞：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時；②一些vi主動形式表被動含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表語時,主動形式表被動含義。Youaretoblame.Thehouseistolet.④表(sth)需要的need,want,require等后的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義。Thehouseneeds/wants/requirerepairing⑤beworth后的動名詞主動形式表被動含義。Thebookisworthreading.Makethesesentencespassive.AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeachyear.

Florenceisvisitedbyaboutamilliontouristseachyear.2.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.

3.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.

4.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.TheMonaLisawasn’tpaintedbyPicasso.5.ThousandsofworkersbuiltthegreatWallofChina.ThegreatWallofChinawasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.Example:

TheSagradaFimiliawasdesignedbyanEnglisharchitect(Spanish)No,itwasn’t.ItwasdesignedbyaSpanisharchitect.

Correctthewrongstatements.1.TheLouvreArtGalleryislocatedinAthen.(Paris)

No,itisn’t.It’slocatedinParis.2.Parisissituatedonthecoast.(RiverSeine)No,itisn’t.ItissituatedontheRiverSeine.3.Florenceisvisitedbyeightmilliontouristseveryyear.(onemillion)No,itisn’t.Itisvisitedbyonemilliontouristseveryyear.4.Barcelonaisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.(Athens)No,itisn’t.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.

5.TheParthenonwasbuiltahundredyearsago.(2,400yearsago.)No,itisn’t.TheParthenonwasbuilt2,400yearsago.

Grammar2Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.

MyfamilylivesinCardiff.Oursoccerteamisfantastic.Thewholeclassishere.Whathavethewordsfamily,team,andclassgotincommon?(a)Theyareallsingularnouns.(b)Theyarefollowedbyasingularverb.(c)Theyrefertoonlyoneperson.(d)Theyrefertoanumberofpeople.主謂一致

要點(diǎn)精講“主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具體處理一致關(guān)系時可遵循以下三原則:語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。一、主語為下列情況時，謂語用單數(shù)：1.時間/距離/重量/價值/數(shù)目等名詞作整體看待時。Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.Thirtydollarsistoohighapriceforthebook.Another10yearshaspassedsinceheleft.主謂一致2.主語由從句、不定式短語、動名詞充當(dāng)時。Whentheywilldiscussithasn’t

beenmadepublic.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.Lookingafterthechildrenisherfull-timejob.3.主語由“S”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞充當(dāng)時。Physicsiswellworthstudying.Mathsisadifficultscience.4.主語為書、報、地名、組織名稱，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。TheTimesusuallyspeaksfortheBritishgovernment.TheUnitedStatesismadeupof50states.5.news,works,crossroads,woods等復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)概念時，means視情況而定。Badnewshaswings.Everymeanshasbeentriedtosettletheproblem.6.并列主語指同一概念時。Athiefandmurdererwassentencedtodeath.Breadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.7.不定代詞作主語時。Somebodyis

lookingforyou.Everythingisniceinyourgarden.Anyoneisforbiddentosmokehere.8.each/every/no/manya+名詞單數(shù)+and+each/every/no/manya+名詞單數(shù)。Eachmanandeachwomanwasinvitedtotheparty.Noengineerandnoworkerwasintheworkshop.Everyhourandeveryminute

is

important.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.9.manya/thewhole/each/neither/either+名詞單數(shù)。Manyacaremakestheheadwhite.ThewholenationwasindeepsorrowatLincoln’sdeath.Neitherstoryistrue.Eachbird

lovestohearhimselfsing.10.each/neither/eitherof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/them,us,you。Eachofthemhasabeautifulhouse.Eitherofthebicyclesbelongstome.11.thispairof/thatpairof/apairof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Thispairofshoesneeds

mending.12.morethanone+名詞單數(shù)。Morethanonesoldierwaskilledinthebattle.13.主語為one,theother,another,noone,neither。Onehastodoone’sbest.Hereisonlyoneshoe.Where

istheother?Therewasarainbowinthesky,andanotherwasinhisbreast.14.man,theworld,clothing做主語。Alltheworldknowsthattheearthisround.Ourclothingprotectsusfromthecold.二、謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheGreensaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.2.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等的專有名詞。Asisknowntoall,RockymountainsstandinNorthAmerica.3.the+folk(s),people,police,cattle,Chinese,French,Japanese,English等集體名詞Thepolicearerunningafterthethief.TheChineseare

ahard-workingpeople.4.theblind,deaf,poor,living,young,dead,wounded等形容詞表一類人或物Generally,theyoungarethirstyforknowledge.Thedeadare

soonforgotten.三、謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

aswellasratherthanalong/togetherwithsuch…as,likesuchas,besidesnolessthan=asmuchasbut/exceptbeyondno…but……andnot…分詞(介詞、不定式)短語同位語定語從句1.HeaswellasIisabsentfromthemeeting.2.Theofficer,ratherthanministersanswersforit.3.Mary,(along)withherfriendsgoesabroad.4.Bookssuchasthis

are

usefulandair

is

necessaryforplants.5.Thegirllikemanyboys

isfondofsports.6.Sunshine,nolessthanwaterandair

isnecessaryforplants.7.Everyonehere,includingoldpeoplelikesreading.8.Aluckyvisitortotheplacesis

fortunate.9.ThepeopleinLuyicity

arefriendly.10.ForeignerswhoworkinChinaare

fromCanada.11.ThemaninvitedtoEuropeancountriesis80.12.Thestudentsstudyinginschoolstudy

well.13.Noonebutwehasseenthefilm.14.Jack,andnotwehasseenthefilm.四、謂語動詞與后者一致的情況

or,noreither…or…neither…nor…連接2個并列主語時

notonly…butalso…not...but...1.You,he,orIamright.2.Neitheryounorheisright.3.Eitherheoryouareright.4.Iseitherheoryouright?5.NotonlyhebutalsoI

amright.6.BothheandI

areright.7.Nothimbutwehaveseenthefilm.五、視情況而定的情況1.Family,army,class,crew,team,enemy,group,party,couple,government等集體名詞作主語時。Herfamilyissmall,butthefamilyareadvancedworkers.Classisoverandtheclassarealloutforplay.Ourgrouparereadingthenewspapers.Thisgroupishaving

ameeting.2.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half,all,part,any,some,alot,lots,plenty,rest,most,asupply,suppliesof后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞或代表可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。Halfofthework

is

finishedandtherestis

goingtobefinishednextweek.Halfofthestudentsinthisclassaregirlsandofcourse,therestareboys.50%ofthebookhasbeenfinishedreading.3.the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)；the+名詞單數(shù)+and+the+名詞單數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.

4.what,who,which,such常與其后的作表語的名詞一致。Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Suchisourplan.Suchare

hiswords.5.these/those+sort/kind/typeof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)。Thosetype/kind/sortofmachinesare

update.6.this/thatkind/sortof+名詞單數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)；this/thatkind/sortof++名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單(復(fù))數(shù)均可。This/thatkind/sortofmanisdangerous.This/thatkind/sortofapplesare/ishighlypriced.This/thatkind/sortofwateris

safetodrink.7.oneofthe+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)；oneof+定語從句+動詞單數(shù)。Oneoftheboyshashelpedme.Heisoneoftheboyswhohavehelpedme.8.theonly/veryoneofthe+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句+動詞單數(shù)。Heistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhohashelpedme.9.population后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol.80percentofthepopulationofChina

arefarmers.10.thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Anumberofroomsare

onsale.Thenumberoftheroomis303.11.quantitiesof無論修飾可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞、謂語動詞都用復(fù)數(shù)。aquantityof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);+不可數(shù)名詞、謂語動詞用單數(shù)。即修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可,作主語時采取就近一致的原則,其謂語動詞通常與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。

Largequantitiesofmoney

werespentonthebridge.Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebridge.12.avarietyof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)、avarietyof+名詞單數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)、varietiesof+名詞+動詞復(fù)數(shù)、thevarietyof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)。Agreatvarietyofflowerswereshownthere.Therewas

aconsiderablevarietyofopinion.Thereareseveralvarietiesofredroses.Thevarietyofgoodsondisplayrevealsabigleapforwardinthedevelopmentofourindustrialandagriculturalproduction.13.anaverageof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)theaverageof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)Anaverageof3students

are

absenteachday.Theaverageof14,3and1is6.14.atotalof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)thetotalof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)Atotalof300letterswere

receivedlastmonth.Thetotaloflettersreceivedlastmonthwas

300.15.amajority(minority)of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單/復(fù)數(shù)、themajority(minority)+動詞單（復(fù)數(shù)）、themajority(minority)of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)Amajorityofpeopletake/takespartinculturalpursuits.Onlyaminorityofthemembersobject.Themajoritywas/wereinfavoroftheplan.Themajorityofpopulationlive/livesincities.Thevastmajorityofthestudentsneed/needs

increasedfinancialsupport.16.oneortwo+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞復(fù)數(shù)、a+名詞單數(shù)+ortwo+動詞單數(shù)、在倒裝句中用單數(shù)。Oneortwodaysare

enoughforthem.Oneortwostudents

wereabsentfromclassthismorning.Adayortwois

enough.Aservantortwoorthreewastoaccompanythem.Insideeachfolderis

oneortwosheetsofinformation.One+in(outof,of)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+動詞單數(shù)但在新聞報道或非正式文體中也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneoutoftwenty

was

badlydamaged.Onlyoneoutoffivewerepresentattheconference.Oneintensufferfrombronchitis.Answers:(1)plays(2)has(3)lives/liveFinishActivity2,Page7Answers:(1)Yes,theydo.(2)Onlythatitismorethantwo(3)Nowedon’t,exceptthattheremustbetwoormore.FinishActivity3,Page7

AmyandHelencan’tspeakChinese.NeitherAmynorHelencanspeakChinese.2.

AllthecountriesinEuropehaveagoodsoccerteam.EachcountryinEuropehasagoodsoccerteam.FinishActivity4,Page7

3.

FranceandGermanyaren’tgoingtosigntheagreement.NeitherFrancenorGermanyisgoingtosigntheagreement.4.Thewholeclassdoesn’twanttostudyJapanese.NoneoftheclasswantstostudyJapanese.ExercisesEveryteacherandeverystudent____foundastudents’Union.A.hasB.haveC.expectstoD.hopeto2.Nobodybutthem____toknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted3.Nothingbuttrousers____inthatsmallshop.A.wasworthof20dollarsB.wereworth20dollarsC.wascost20dollarsD.waspaidfor20dollarsCBD4.Thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat____picturesinthem____toher.has;belongsB.have;arebelongedC.has;belongD.have;belongs5.Twentypercentoftheworkofthewholeyear____finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.was6.Aknifeandfork____onthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeing7.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife____anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownDDAB8.Fivedollars___toomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are9.Mostoftheapples____.wasrottenB.wererottenC.hasrottenD.haverotten10.Aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory____youngpeople.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeenABC11.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents____thechange.A.objecttoB.objectstoC.objectD.objects12.Everymeans___triedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.isAA13.Thispairoftrousers___mysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto14.Ourteam____defeatedbytheirslastSunday.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen15.Ourteam____takingshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen.A.wasB.areC.wereD.havebeenDAC16.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor____askedtomakeaspeechatthe