高中英語(yǔ)必修一第二課

以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞friendly友好的lovely可愛(ài)的likely可能的motherly母親般的brotherly兄弟般的weekly每周的monthly每月的daily每天的lively,live,living,alive辨析lively(adj)生動(dòng)活潑的，多作定語(yǔ)，修飾人或物e.g.Charliehasaverylivelyimagination.live(adj)活著的（作前置定語(yǔ)，多修飾動(dòng)物）（adj&adv）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的\地（v）居住，生存，活著e.g.Theywanttostoptheexportoflivesheepandcattle.living(adj)活著的，可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)e.g.Thesunaffectsalllivingthings.alive(adj)活著的，是表語(yǔ)形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，也可作后置定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g.Shehadtostealfoodjusttostayalive.patient(adj)有耐心的，能忍耐的bepatientwithsb對(duì)某人有耐心e.g.Louisewasverypatientwithme.patient(n)病人patience(n)耐心Bepatient!耐心點(diǎn)兒beoutofpatiencewith…耐不住…h(huán)avenopatiencewith…不能容忍…beyondone’spatience令人無(wú)法忍受的

strict(adj)嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格e.g.Thestuartsareverystrictwiththeirson.bestrictaboutsth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格e.g.She’sverystrictaboutthingslikehomework.strictly(adv)嚴(yán)格地strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)assincebecausefor辨析as語(yǔ)氣最弱，只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，不如since正式e.g.Asitwasgettinglate,Iturnedaroundtostartforhome.since語(yǔ)氣比because稍弱，表示已為人知的原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，不是句子的重點(diǎn)，意為既然，鑒于，往往放在主句之前。e.g.Sinceyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomenelse.because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，著重說(shuō)明原因或理由，是句子的重點(diǎn)，在回答why的問(wèn)句和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，必須用because而不用as,since或for.e.g.Whycan’tIgo?Becauseyou’renotoldenough.for并列連詞，連接一個(gè)表原因的并列分局，不能放在句首，只要放在兩個(gè)并列句之間，表示附加說(shuō)明或推斷的理由。e.g.Billwasprobablyill,forhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.sothat因此，所以，為了，以便e.g.Hestandsupsothathecanlookattheblackboard.so…that…如此…以至于e.g.Hewassoweakthathecouldhardlystandup.so+adj\adv+thatso+adj+a\an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatso+many\few\much\little(少)+名詞+that只能接動(dòng)名詞而不能接動(dòng)詞不定式的詞語(yǔ)admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激，欣賞beworth值得consider考慮delay耽擱enjoy喜歡escape逃避finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss錯(cuò)過(guò)practise練習(xí)resist抵制risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議dare(v)膽敢，敢于1.dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后一般要跟帶to的不定式。e.g.Hedoesn’tdaretotellhismotheraboutit.Doeshedaretotellhismotheraboutit?2.dare可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。e.g.Hedarenottellhismotheraboutit.Darehetellhismotheraboutit?不定式符號(hào)to后的動(dòng)詞部分的省略1.在expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面e.g.Jiminvitedmetogotothecinema,butIrefusedto.2.在needtodo,oughttodo,begoingtodo,usedtodo,havetodo等短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞do可承前省略。e.g.-I’msorrythatIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.-Youdidn’tneedto,forithasbeenputofftillnextweek.3.在某些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：begladtodo,behappytodo,bepleasedtodo,bedelightedtodo，后面的do可承前省略e.g.-Willyoujoinus?-I’dbeglad\happy\pleased\delightedto.注意：1.否定形式的不定式的省略一般省略為nottoe.g.-ShallIgoshoppingtomorrowforsomeapples?-I’dpreferyounotto.2如果不定式中含有be,have(助動(dòng)詞),havebeen，通常保留e.g.-Areyouajournalist?-No,butIusedtobe.admit(v)承認(rèn)，招認(rèn)，招供admit(to)sth.承認(rèn)某事admitdoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事admittosbthat……向某人承認(rèn)……(v)準(zhǔn)許，吸納beadmittedto\into被準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入，被錄取到admit。。。to\into準(zhǔn)許…進(jìn)入…asaresult,asaresultof,so辨析asaresult副詞短語(yǔ)，“結(jié)果，因此”，一般放在句首，后面加逗號(hào)e.g.Thefarmwasflooded.Asaresult,mostoftheharvestwaslost.asaresultof介詞短語(yǔ)，“作為…的結(jié)果，由于…”,后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。e.g.Shediedasaresultofherinjuries.so連詞，“因此，所以”，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，兩種情況下so后面都不加逗號(hào)。e.g.Iwasfeelinghungry,soImademyselfasandwich.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，其構(gòu)成為“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”賓補(bǔ)根據(jù)邏輯意義可以是不同的詞或詞組，如：形容詞，副詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞、不定介詞短語(yǔ)等。1.with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞e.g.Welayinbedwiththewindowopen.2.with+賓語(yǔ)+副詞e.g.Shewasknitting,withthetelevisionon.3.with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞e.g.Wejumpedintotheriverwithbulletswhizzingpastourears.4.with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞e.g.Withallthethingssheneededbought,shewenthomehappily.5.with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)Withabookinhishand,heenteredtheclassroom.Thisisbecause…這是因?yàn)閎ecause是連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表原因的表語(yǔ)從句e.g.-WhyisMarysoupset?-Thisisbecauseshehasn’tpassedtheexam,Thereasonis\was\that…理由是…e.g。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.It\This\Thatis\wasbecause…這\那是因?yàn)椤璭.g.Hemissedthebus.That’sbecausehegotuplate.It\This\Thatis\waswhy…這\那就是…的原因e.g.Hegotuplate.Thatiswhyhemissedthebus.energy,force,stength,power辨析energy主要指“人的精力”“自然界的能源”e.g.Idon’thavetheenergytodealwithitrightnowforce主要指非自然界的力量，如暴力、勢(shì)力、說(shuō)服力、壓制力、法律、道德或感情的力量、軍事的力量等?？傊?，它是活動(dòng)過(guò)程中的力量。e.g.Intheendhehadtobethrownoutofthehousebyforce.strength常指固定潛在的力量。就人說(shuō)，著重指力氣，就物說(shuō)，著重指強(qiáng)度、實(shí)力等。e.g.Shedidn’tevenhavethestrengthtostandup.power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力，力量。人或機(jī)器等事物的潛在的或所能發(fā)揮出來(lái)的力量等。e.g.Peopleshouldhavemorepoweroverdecisionsthataffecttheirlives.

后接doing形式的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1.下列動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)考慮建議盼原諒（consider,suggest\advice,lookforwardto,excuse\pardon）承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想（admit,delay\put

off,fancy）避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練（avoid,miss,keep,practise）否認(rèn)完成停欣賞（deny,finish,enjoy\appreciate）不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡（mind,allow\permit,escape）2.動(dòng)詞詞組用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)can’tstand不能忍受feellike感覺(jué)好像bebusy忙于havedifficulty\trouble做某事有困難\麻煩haveagood\wonderful\hardtime過(guò)得愉快\不愉快3.(1)forgettodosth.忘記去做某事（未做的）forgetdoingsth忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事(2)remembertodosth記得去做某事（未做的）rememberdoingsth記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事(3)regrettodosth遺憾做某事（未做的）regretdoingsth遺憾做過(guò)某事(4)stoptodosth停下來(lái)做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事(5)trytodosth努力\試圖做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事(6)meantodosth打算\意圖做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事(7)can’thelptodosth不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事(8)goontodosth（做完某事）接著做另一件事goondongsth=goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事4.begin和start后既可以接不定式，也可以接動(dòng)名詞，意義沒(méi)有差別，但在以下三種情況下，只接不定式（1）主語(yǔ)是物e.g.Itbegintorain.（2）begin或start本身用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)e.g.Sheisbeginningtocookdinner.（3）begin或start后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指心情狀況或精神活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)如realize,understand,wonder,know等。e.g.Ibegantofeeldizzy.5.allow\advise\forbid\permitdoingsth\sb.todosthe.g.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.e.g.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.6.(1)need\require\wantdoing\tobedone需要被…e.g.Thewindowneeds\requires\wantscleaning.need\require\wantsbtodosth.需要某人做某事e.g.Iwantyoutofinishitrightnow.(2)beworth+n\doing值得e.g.Theplaceisworthvisiting.(3)beworthyof\ofbeingdone\tobedone值得e.g.Theplaceisworthyofavisit\ofbeingvisited\tobevisited.wouldprefer的用法1.wouldprefersth想要某物e.g.-Coffeeortea?-Iwouldprefertea,thanks.2.wouldprefer(not)todosth寧愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwouldprefernottothinkaboutit.3.wouldprfersb.(not)todosth.寧愿某人（不）做某事e.g.Mymotherwouldprefermenottogooutaloneatnight.4.wouldprefertodo…ratherthando寧愿做…而不做…e.g.Iwouldprefertoplaybasketballratherthangoswimming.5.wouldprefer+從句e.g.Iwouldpreferthatyoudidn’ttellanyone.6.wouldpreferitif…希望，更希望e.g.Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn’ttellanyone.7.preferdoing…todoing…寧愿做…而不做…e.g.HepreferswatchingTVtogoingoutforawalk.wouldrather的用法1.wouldrather(not)dosth。寧愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwoudrathernottakeatripwithhim.2.wouldrather(not)havedonesth.寧愿做了（沒(méi)做）的事e.g.Iwouldrathernothaveseenherlastnight.3.wouldrather+從句(從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種情況，一是用過(guò)去式。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況相反；二是用過(guò)去完成式，表示與過(guò)去的情況相反)e.g.Iwouldratheryoudidn’tgooutalone.e.g.IwouldratherIhadn’ttoldhimthenews.4.wouldratherdo…thando…e.g.IwouldratherdiethanapologizetoHelen.

settle(v)解決，處理e.g.It’stimeyousettledyourdifferenceswithyourfather.(v)平靜，放松e.g.Itookapilltohelpsettlemynerves.(v)安居，安家落戶e.g.ShesettledinViennaafterherfather’sdeath.(v)使…在新位置上覺(jué)得舒適e.g.Hesettledhimselfcomfortablyinhisusualchairsettledown安頓，定居settlefor(勉強(qiáng))接受settlein\into適應(yīng)，安頓下來(lái)settleon\upon決定，同意settle,solve辨析settle解決對(duì)象為某種爭(zhēng)端solve解決問(wèn)題，側(cè)重是給出一個(gè)答案、beupto的用法1.beuptosb.由某人決定，取決于某人，是某人的職責(zé)或義務(wù)e.g.Youcanpayweeklyormonthly-it’suptoyou.2.beuptosth.能勝任e.g.He’snotuptothejob.3.beuptosb.todosth.應(yīng)由某人做某事e.g.It’suptoyoutochoosewhereweshoulddo.4.beuptosth.做壞事，偷偷地做某事e.g.I’msurehe’suptonogood.5.uptosth.(數(shù)目上)多達(dá)，（時(shí)間上）一直到e.g.Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar.What’sup?怎么啦？uptotill到…為止uptodate.最新式的uptonogood做壞事uptoone’scars\eyes\neckin…深陷于…it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可換1.Itis+adj\n+todosth.\that(it作形式主語(yǔ))e.g.ItishardtostudyEnglishwell.2.Itisnouse\good;notanyuse;hardlyanyuse;useless;worthwhiledoingsth.(it作形式主語(yǔ))e.g.Itisuselesspreparingsomuchjuice.3.Itfeels+adj.+todosth.(it作形式主語(yǔ))e.g.ItfeelsdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.4.sb.+think\believe\feel\find\consider+it+adj\n+todosth\doingsth\that從句（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）e.g.Hethinksitnecessarythatheshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.difference(n)差別，差異tellthedifferencebetweenAandB說(shuō)出A和B之間的不同makeallthedifferencetosb\sth對(duì)某人\某物關(guān)系重大makea\no\somedifferencet