數(shù)量增加或減少的翻譯

一、數(shù)量增加的翻譯（一）數(shù)量的增加◆表達(dá)數(shù)量的增加必須拿原來的數(shù)量作底數(shù)。“增加”（了）、增長”（了）、上升（了）、提高（了）”表示凈增數(shù)，不包括底數(shù)。“增加到（為），增長到（為），上升到（為）”指增加后的總數(shù)，包括底數(shù)。by------to

to+數(shù)量：表示具體增加多少。Forestcoverrosefrom18.21%in2003to20.36%in2011.2.OurpercapitaGDProsefrom1,000-plusUSdollarsto5,432USdollars.by+數(shù)量：表示凈增數(shù)。Theprojectincreasedthetransmissionlinebyfivemiles.2.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,China'sGDPgrewby7.8%year-on-year.(二)倍數(shù)的增加（1）“ntimes/n-fold+表示增加意義的形容詞或副詞比較級+than…”

譯：……比……（高，大，長……）n-1倍

或“……是……的n倍”

例1:Thisreddressisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatblueone.

例2:TheYangtzeRiverisalmost2-foldlongerthanthePearlRiver.(2)“ntimes+as+表示增加的意義的形容詞或副詞+as”譯：……是……的n倍，或……比……大/高/長(n-1)倍例1：Thedamagecausedbytheearthquakeisfourtimesashugeastheflood.例2：Thebookistwiceaslongasthatone.（3）“表示增加意義的動詞（如：increase,grow,rise,exceed,improve,goupto）+ntimes”譯：增加了（n-1）倍；增加到原來的n倍。例1：Thenewtechniqueimprovedtheworkingconditionsandraisedefficiencyfourtimes.例2：Herincomehasincreasedthreetimessincetheyearbefore.(4)“表示增加意義的動詞+to+ntimes譯：增至原來的n倍。例1：Theequipmentwillincreasetheefficiencytothreetimes.

例2：Thespeedexceededtheaveragespeedtothreetimes.（5）比較級+by+ntimes/byafactorofn.

是……的n倍或增加了n-1倍例1：Theweightofthissuitcaseisheavierthanthatoneby3times.(6)“ntimes+thesize(length/height…)/thatof”大小/長度/高度等是……的n倍

例：Shanghaiisabout4timesthatofChangsha.(7)ntimes+upon（over/asagainst）…增加到n倍例：Thetemperatureinsummermaybe5timesoveragainstwinter.（8）“n-fold+increase/growthinsize/number”

譯：增加到n倍例：Thereisa4-foldgrowthinthenumberofstampsIhavecollected.…two-foldincreaseinsize.（9）“double,triple,quadruple,duplicate”例1：TheAfricanathletedoubledthescoreofhisopponent.例2：Hehastripledhisincomeduringthelastfewyears.二、數(shù)量減少的翻譯（一）“to+數(shù)量”表示具體減少到多少decreaseto“by+數(shù)量”表示凈減數(shù)。（二）英語習(xí)慣是表示成倍的減少，漢語里沒有減少了多少倍之說；漢語說法：減少了幾分之幾，減少到原來的幾分之幾；，（1）“ntimes/n–fold+表減少到形容詞或副詞比較級+than…”譯：減少為原來的1/n；減少了(n-1)/nThiskindofmaterialisthreetimesthinnerthanordinarypaper.(2)“ntimes+as+表減少意義的形容詞+asTheoldladywalkstwiceasslowasherson.(3)“表減少意義的動詞+to/by+ntimes.(4)decrease/decline/fall+ntimes.(5)“be+n-fold+形容詞(比較級)

+than…”

Thehouseis3-foldsmallthanthatone.(6)“n-fold+表減少的名詞decrease,reductionTheprincipaladvantageovertheold-fashionedmachineisafour-foldreductioninweight.百分?jǐn)?shù)增減n%+比較級+thann%+比較級+名詞Increase/decreaseby+n%A+n%+increase/decreaseDecreaseto+n%n%+(of)+名詞代詞Johnworks50percentfasterthanSusanThenewtruckwasted10percentlessgas.Theenergysupplyhasincreasedby20%.Thereisa15percentincreaseofapplicantsascomparedwithlastyear.Thecostisabout50percentthatoflastyear.Thepriceoffarmtoolshasdecreasedto80%.“increased3times/folds”，“increasedby3times”，“increaseto3times”以及“increasebyafactorof3”，均應(yīng)譯為“增加到3倍”，或者“增加2倍”，

Ais3timesasgreat（long，much，…）asB”，“Ais3timesgreater（longer，more，…）thanB”，“Ais3timesthesize（length，amount，…）ofB”，均應(yīng)譯為；“A的大?。ㄩL度，數(shù)量，……）是B的3倍”，或者“A比B大（長，多，……）2倍”，而不應(yīng)譯為“A比B大（長，多，……）3倍”?！癲ecrease3times/folds”；“decreaseby3times”；“decreasebyafactorof3”均應(yīng)譯為“減少到1/3”，或者“減少2/3”?！癆is3timesassmall（light，slow，…）asB”，“Ais3timessmaller（lighter，slower，…）thanB”，均應(yīng)譯為“A的大?。ㄖ亓?，速度，……）是B的1/3”，或者“A比B小（輕，慢，……）2/3”，而不應(yīng)譯為“A比B?。ㄝp，慢，……）3倍”。需要注意的是，增加用倍數(shù)表示，減少用分?jǐn)?shù)表示。數(shù)字翻譯練習(xí)1.TheAsiaPacificregionaccountsforalmost60percentoftheworld’sGDP.2.Theoperationalmileageofrailwaysincreasedby13,500kilometers.Themileageofhighwayswasextendedby376,000kilometers,includingthe24,600kilometersofexpressways.3.From2002to2011,China'sGDPgrewatanaverageannualrateof10.7%,andmovedupfromthesixthtothesecondplaceintheworld.OurpercapitaGDProsefrom1,000-plusUSdollarsto5,432USdollars.4.China'sforeigntradevolumealsoclimbedfromthesixthtothesecondplaceintheworld,andforeignexchangereservesexceededthreetrillionUSdollars.5.Ourbudgetdeficitandoutstandinggovernmentdebtin2011were1.8%and15.28%oftheGDP,bothlowerthantheir2002levelsof2.57%and16.07%.6.Theratioofnon-performingloansinthebankingsectorwentdownfrom15.2%attheendof2003to1.8%in2011.7.Forestcoverrosefrom18.21%in2003to20.36%in2011.8.OurcurrentaccountsurplusasapercentageofGDPcamedownto2.8%9.Thenumberofgrantedpatentsincreasedby18.2times.10.Over100millionnewurbanjobswerecreatedinthepasttenyears,includingmorethan10millionjobsannuallyforthepastfiveconsecutiveyears.11.Morethan1.3billionurbanandruralresidentssubscribedtotheprogramsandthecoverageofbasicmedicalinsuranceprogramstopped95%.12.Basicpensionforenterpriseretireesincreasedatanaverageannualrateof10%foreightconsecutiveyears.13.Thepercapitaurbandisposableincomeandpercapitaruralnetincomeincreasedatanaverageannualrateof9.2%and8.1%respectivelyinrealterms.14.Wescaledupinputinbuildinglow-incomehousingandraiseditscoveragefromlessthan4%in2008tothecurrent11%.15.TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)inJuly