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SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___(dá)thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___(dá).Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___(dá)3__(dá)_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4__(dá)_ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___(dá)bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,__(dá)_8___,canbedividedintomoderat(yī)elyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardssee(cuò)m9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbee(cuò)naprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthat(yī)itrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat(yī).1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured、【答案】Bconcluded【解析】題干中,一系列的研究已經(jīng)__(dá)___,事實(shí)上,正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義,后面的部分事實(shí)上是研究的結(jié)論,因此concluded符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)denied(否認(rèn))與意義相反,doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠(yuǎn),ensured(保證)不符合題意,由于研究不能保證后面的事實(shí),只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以對(duì)的答案為B。2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome、【答案】Aprotective【解析】題干中,對(duì)于某些健康情況,超重事實(shí)上是有___(dá)__。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論,超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反,sufficient表達(dá)充足,troublesome表達(dá)有麻煩,不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為A。3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore、【答案】Clikewise【解析】第三句話中,較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。_____,在老年人中,一定限度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表達(dá)順接的詞語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)instead表達(dá)逆接的句意關(guān)系,B選項(xiàng)however也表達(dá)逆接,D選項(xiàng)therefore表達(dá)因此,只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣地;也,并且。因此對(duì)的答案為C。4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example、【答案】Aindicator【解析】本句話中,____(dá)_,一定限度上超重,經(jīng)常是健康的_____(dá)。A選項(xiàng),表達(dá)指示器,指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表達(dá)客觀;C選項(xiàng)origin表達(dá)來(lái)源,D選項(xiàng)example表達(dá)例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容,已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此對(duì)的答案為A。5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern、【答案】Dconcern【解析】本句話的句意是,需要更加____(dá)_是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相關(guān)性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康,但是又面臨一個(gè)問(wèn)題,到底如何去定義肥胖,因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對(duì)肥的定義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為D。6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof、【答案】Aintermsof【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常__(dá)___(dá)_體質(zhì)指數(shù),或稱為BMI來(lái)定義。A、intermsof,根據(jù)……,就……而言。B、Incaseof表達(dá)在某種情況下,C、infavorof表達(dá)贊成,以……來(lái)取代,D、inrespectof,關(guān)于……。因此對(duì)的答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo),希望考生可以記住這一背景知識(shí),方便日后做題。7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies、【答案】Cequals【解析】本題題干中BMI_____(dá)體重除以身高的平方,這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽耍拢虸指數(shù)得出的方法,也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式,所以equal符合題意。Ameasure(測(cè)量)、Bdetermine表達(dá)擬定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart、【答案】Cinturn【解析】本題題干中,肥胖_____可以提成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、inessence(事實(shí)上、事實(shí)上);B、incontrast(相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、inpart(部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí),所以對(duì)的答案為C。9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward、【答案】Dstraightforward【解析】題干中,相比之下,這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái)__(dá)___(dá),事實(shí)上不是的。A、complicated(復(fù)雜);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可變的);D、straightforward(直截了當(dāng));這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指的就是肥胖指數(shù),肥胖指數(shù)分為三類,并且算法比較簡(jiǎn)樸,所以A復(fù)雜不對(duì)的,B選項(xiàng)保守,用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式,不恰當(dāng),一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是擬定的,因此可變的也不符合題意,D選項(xiàng)straightforward表達(dá)直截了當(dāng),符合題意,因此對(duì)的答案為D。??????10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless【答案】Bwhile【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,事實(shí)上身材正好,____(dá)_其別人有較低的BMI指數(shù),也許_____。從前半句我們可以看出,有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高,應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于體重肥胖的人,事實(shí)上身材正好,這里說(shuō)明的是反常的現(xiàn)象,后半句是其別人的BMI指數(shù)較低,而___(dá)__較差。A、so(所以);B、while(而);C、since(由于);D、unless(除非)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為B。11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste、【答案】Ashape【解析】本題可以簡(jiǎn)化為:Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不難看出,前后意義相反,且fit(體型健康)與inpoor相應(yīng),與之最相關(guān)是Ashape(外形),故為對(duì)的答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比較遠(yuǎn),可以排除。12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay12、【答案】Bqualify【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義:有一些人體型很好,有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員是肥胖的,"開(kāi)始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān);"被認(rèn)為"符合句意,對(duì)的。13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant、【答案】Cnormal【解析】本句不難理解:有些人脂肪過(guò)高,但是BMI卻。所需詞匯明顯是正向的,排除A、B;D屬中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,為對(duì)的答案。14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency、【答案】Dtendency【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句:tostigmatizeobesity(抵毀肥胖),作為劃線部分的后置定語(yǔ),將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會(huì)""傾向"代入劃線處,最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored、【答案】bpictured【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是媒體污蔑肥胖,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有bpicture意思為刻畫,描寫,描述。16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated、【答案】Dassociated【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖____(dá)_的原型涉及懶惰,缺少意志力,對(duì)成功的盼望值不高??崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸?,缺少意志力和對(duì)成功的盼望值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A.與。。。相比;B與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意,只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系,相關(guān)符合句意。17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only、【答案】Aeven【解析】空格所在句的意思是__(dá)___小孩子蔑視超重,并且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本空格缺少一個(gè)副詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境記憶常識(shí),此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系的詞匯,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Aeven即使符合題意。18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded、【答案】Dgrounded【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,空前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度,空后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,激發(fā)一批反肥胖的____(dá)。本句沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞,說(shuō)明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的,反對(duì)肥胖,是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),可以表達(dá)此意思的詞匯,只有選項(xiàng)Dgrounded,意思是基于。19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies、【答案】Dpolicies【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子。空后的句子出現(xiàn)了一系列表達(dá)同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯,比如hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問(wèn)題,瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)policies符合題意,直接入選。20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without、【答案】Bagainst【解析】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖,本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子,用來(lái)支持這個(gè)主題,空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的____(dá)_兒童肥胖,甚至告訴奧茲博士,它代表了我們國(guó)家最大的安全威脅。空格中缺少詞匯應(yīng)當(dāng)具有反對(duì),反抗的意思,縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Bagainst符合題意。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonA(yù)NSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthat(yī)themostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhat(yī)wasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itsee(cuò)msmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal、【答案】BAspecialtour【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…",意思是"花錢消費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好……,比如說(shuō)有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是B選項(xiàng)"一場(chǎng)特別的旅行"。22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous、【答案】Acritical【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit",意思是"普通美國(guó)人一年花兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間看電視,并且看電視幾乎不也許更快樂(lè)",因此可以得知作者對(duì)于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)"批判的"。23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段,文章中提到McRib這個(gè)例子,用這個(gè)例子證明的論點(diǎn)是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly",大意是"有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅",D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent",大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書(shū)后,認(rèn)為物有所值",因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的答案。25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney【解析】主旨題??v觀全文可知,全文重要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系,因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。Text2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seat(yī)edneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenat(yī)urallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrat(yī)egiestoresearchintowhat(yī)thecallthe“aboveaveragee(cuò)ffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat(yī),thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheat(yī)photographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinat(yī)omaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnat(yī)ural[D]self-enhancingstrat(yī)egiesareineffective、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh【解析】題目問(wèn)"根據(jù)第一段,社會(huì)心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第一段第三句"社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不也許的。"由此可知,我們對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高。故答案為[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______[A]rapidwat(yī)ching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defence【答案】Cintuitiveresponse【解析】題目問(wèn)"視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句"視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)是自動(dòng)的心理過(guò)程,這個(gè)過(guò)程依靠直覺(jué)快速發(fā)生,且并不是故意的。"由此可知,視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺(jué)反映。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirat(yī)tractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness【解析】題目問(wèn)"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于如何"。相應(yīng)到第四段,第二句講到"沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提高最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全,接著講到:事實(shí)上,那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人,故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto__(dá)___.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively【答案】[A]instinctively【解析】題目問(wèn)"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。相應(yīng)到第五段,viscerally所在句講到"許多人討厭照片中的自己,從某種層面上說(shuō),他們甚至不認(rèn)可照片中的人是他們自己。"而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂,在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。"由此可知,viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思,故答案為[A]instinctively。30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides【解析】題干問(wèn)"我們可以推理出臉書(shū)(facebook)之所以是一個(gè)自我拔高者的天堂,是由于人們可以做什么?"相應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句,該句講到"在臉書(shū)(facebook)中,人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到"不是人們不誠(chéng)實(shí),而是人們展示了自己最抱負(fù)的形象。"故答案為[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。Text3Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毀滅性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthat(yī)enhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviat(yī)ingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandthee(cuò)ffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat____(dá)____(dá).A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericanB)cryingmayoftenimitat(yī)epeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.What(yī)does“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Thee(cuò)mbarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.A)havingnoeffectat(yī)allB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetat(yī)tentionandassistance.D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethat(yī)housingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthat(yī)theissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthatthee(cuò)xisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthat(yī)itwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthat(yī)thehousingsector__[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors【解析】根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housingsector可以相應(yīng)到文章的第二段,中間說(shuō)的很多,我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn),最后應(yīng)當(dāng)是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),此外這里用了themostsignificant最高級(jí),所以最后這個(gè)是最重要的一個(gè)因素,politicallycharged和選項(xiàng)B的politicalfactors有相應(yīng)關(guān)系,故選Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒(méi)有提及,C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任,原文說(shuō)的shouldertheblame,D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的喪失價(jià)值,原文說(shuō)的是不善于表白真正價(jià)值,兩者不一致,故排除。37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernment【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)合用房曾受到政府的偏見(jiàn)。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.政府需要把歷史的偏見(jiàn)放在一邊并且采用一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered是過(guò)去式,是對(duì)于原文history的同義反復(fù),biases是對(duì)原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_____(dá)__.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast【答案】[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知,此人將會(huì)讓本地政府用來(lái)償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松,并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下,將會(huì)另有60,000所房屋在未來(lái)的五年中建立,并由此拉動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是對(duì)的的,而B(niǎo)(嚴(yán)禁本地政府建房),C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸),D(發(fā)布國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)報(bào))都與原文意思不符。39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould__(dá)_____(dá).[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段,題干考察的是對(duì)穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊(cè)供應(yīng)者的成本",其中"成本一詞"并未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響",其中"政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持",其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"相應(yīng)文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C選項(xiàng)中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)對(duì)英文中的haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響),符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則,所以是對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay______.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行??疾斓氖?023年以后政府的也許性動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來(lái)支持住房"與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審閱大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求,與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違反。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可承擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒(méi)有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對(duì)住房部門的大額資助,與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配,故為對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonA(yù)NSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedee(cuò)rfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglesson

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