學(xué)位英語應(yīng)試技巧及真題講解：16 學(xué)位英語：2022年閱讀理解分析

學(xué)位英語應(yīng)試技巧及真題講解：[16]學(xué)位英語：2022年閱讀理解分析

學(xué)位英語應(yīng)試技巧及真題講解：[16]學(xué)位英語：2022年閱讀理解分析

2022年閱讀理解真題

Inyourcaryoumayhaveacellphone,atelephonealsoknownasamobilephonethatyoucancarryaroundanduseanywhere.Onyourway,youmayfeelcoordinatedandenjoyyourhands-freephonetalkingwhiledriving.Butrecentstudiessuggestthatitisn'tthedialingorthearmwavingthatmakesdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphonedangerous.Itistheyakkingitself---ormoreprecisely,thecontinuousconversationwithsomeonewhoisn'tpresent---thatmakes.DavidStrayer,aUtahpsychologistsays,

"Yourdrivingperformancewhiletalkingonacellphoneisweakenedatlevelscomparableto,orworsethan,drivingwithabloodalcohollevelof0.08,"whichisthelegallimitinmoststatesofAmerica.

Usingadriving-trainingsimulator,Strayerandhiscolleaguescomparedtheattentionlevelsandresponsetimeof110driversinvarioussituations.Indensetraffic,cellphoneuserswereabout20percentslowertorespondtosuddenhazardsthanotherdrivers,andtheywereabouttwiceaslikelytodriveintothebackofabrakingcarinfrontofthem.

"Cellphonedriversareobtaininglessthan50percentofthevisualinformationthatnon-celldriversaregetting,"saysStrayer.

"Lookingandseeingarenotoneandthesame."Bycontrast,theresearchersfoundthatlisteningtotheradioorconversingwithpassengersisnotashazardous."Whenadangeroussituationarises,thedriverandpassengersputtheirconversationonpause,"Strayersays.

Whethertalkingwithapassengerorsomeoneonacellphone,however,peoplearelessabletorecallthedetailsofaconversationcarriedonwhiledriving.

"Soitmightnotbegoodforyoureconomichealthtodiscussinvestmentstrategieswithyouragentwhileeitherofyouisdriving.'Strayeraddslastly.

16.Accordingtotherecentstudies,whichofthefollowingmakesdrivingdangerous《

[A]Acellphonedialingbythedriver.

[BIThedriver'sendlessarmwaving.

[C]Thedriver'scontinuouscellphonetalking.

[D]Theabsenceofanotherphonespeaker.

17.WhichofthefollowingdoesStrayerwanttostressmost《

IA]ThedrivingperformancemaybeweakenedbyaCellphonetalking.

[BIThedrivingperformancemaybeaffectedbyahighbloodalcohollevel.

[C]Driversarenottodriveoverthecellphoneorafterdrinking.

[D]Acellphonetalkingisnolesshazardousthanalcoholindriving.

18.TheexperimentshowsallthefollowingEXCEPTthat

[A]thecellphonedriversgetlessthanhalfofthevisualinformation

[BIthecellphonedriversaretwiceaslikelytohitthefrontcars

[C]thecellphonedrivers'responsetosuddendangersisslower

[D]the110driverswerereluctanttotakepartintheexperiments

19.Strayerdiscouragesdriversfromtalkingaboutbusinessoncellphoneswhiledrivingbecause

[Altheytendtoforgetthedetailsofaconversation

[B]boththedriverandhisagenthappentobedriving

IC]itmightnotbegoodforthedriver'smemory

[D

theotherpassengerswouldoverheartheconversation

20.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor'sattitudetowardcellphoneyakkingis

IAIapproving

lB]disapproving

IC]encouraging

ID]indifferent

It'snogreatsurprisethatBillGateshasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayin-volvementwithMicrosoft,andusehisfullattentiontooverseehowtheBillGatesFoundationspendsits$16billiononphilanthropy,orcharity.ButGatesisnotthefirstonetofollowthepath.Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandbusinesswomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.Thesaying"Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced.'runsdeeplythroughthebusinesscommunity.

Butoutofallthegreatphilanthropists,Mr.Gate'scareerpathappearstobeclosesttotheoilmillionaireJohnRockefeller.Bothwereself-mademenandbothbecametherichestmenontheplanet.Rockefellerwasinhislatefiftieswhenheturnedhisattentionfulltimetophilanthropy--creatingvastcharitablefoundationstopromotehealthandeducation.NowGatessayshewilldothesameinhisearlyfifties.

"Withgreatwealthcomesgreatresponsibility.'Headds.

LikeGates,manyphilanthropistsdonotwanttopassontoomuchwealthtotheirchildren.Theywantthemtobecomfortable,withanicehouseandsomemoneyintrustfortheirgrandchildren.Buttheydon'twanttoleavethemmillionsbecausetheyknowhowimportantitisforthemtomaketheirownway.InBritain,forinstance,thenewspaperrichilstsareincreasinglydominatedbyself-mademillionaires,ratherthaninheritedwealth.Newmoneyislesslikelytobetiedupinassets,makingitripeforphilanthropy.

Theappearanceofthewelfarestatealsohadagreatimpactonattitudestophilanthropy.Thestatewassayingitwouldtakeovermuchoftheroleofwhatwasonceregardedastheresponsibilityofprivatephilanthropists.

21.BillGateshasdoneallthefollowingEXCEPT

[AlabandoninghiscareerwithMicrosoft'sdailybusiness

[B]devotingtherestofhislifetophilanthropiccauses

[C]leavinghischildrenenoughmoneyforacomfortablelife

ID]defyingJohnRockefellerincreatingcharitablefoundations

22.Thesaying"Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced."properlymeansthat

IA]thewealthypeopleshouldgiveawaytheirfortunesafterdeath

lB]thewealthypeopleshouldfeelashamedfor-theirassets

[C]thewealthypeopleshouldabandontheircareersforcharities

[Ditisshamefulforthewealthypeopletokeeptheirwealthtilldeath

23.GatesandRockefelleraresimilarinthat

[AlBothoftheminheritedtheirwealth

lB]theircareerpathsareexactlythesame

[C]bothdecidedtodevotetocharityintheirfifties

[D]bothmadetheirfortunesinthesameway

24.Manywealthypeopledon'twanttoleavetoomuchbehindmainlybecause

IA]itisnoteasyforthemtomaketheirfortunes

[B]theywanttheirchildrentomaketheirownway

[C]theyjustwishtheirchildrentohaveacomfortablelife

[D]theyhopetogainreputationbydonatingtheirwealth

25.Thechiefreasonwhyphilanthropyhascomeintoagoodstageisthat

[A]thenewmoneyislesslikelytoberegardedasone'sprivatewealth

[B]Gateswilldevotehisfullattentiontophilanthropy

[C]thewelfarestatewouldtakeoverallthecharityresponsibilities

[D]manynewmillionairesareself-maderatherthaninherited

In1991,whenannouncedtobeHIVpositive,"Magic"Johnsonbecamethefaceofadiseasethatthepublicstillhadalottolearnabout.ThebasketballstarestablishedtheMagicJohnsonFoundationthatyearandtookaleadingroleonthepublicrelationsandfund-raisingfrontsinthefightagainstHIVandAIDS.Fifteenyearslater,thereisstillmoreworktodo.

"Alotoftimes,whathappensisthattheposter'snotenough,"Johnsonsays,motioningtohislikenessontheblackboardbehindhim."SoIhavetogetoutandtellthemmyself,likeI'mdoingheretoday."JohnsonisnowtalkingtoanassemblyatBoysandGirlsHighSchoolinhisneighborhoodofBrooklyn,N.Y.Thecrowdisafewhundredstudentsinamostlyblack,working-classneighborhood.ThuseventisthefourthofalO-cityspeakingtourthatisorganizedforminoritycommunities.

AccordingtodrugmakerAbbot,halfofthemorethanImillionAmericanslivingwithHIVareblack.African-Americanmenarebeingdiagnosedwiththediseaseatarate10timesashighasthatofwhitemen.Forwomen,thesituationisevenworse.TherateofdiagnosisforAfrican-Americanwomenis23timesashighasthatfortheirwhitecounterparts.

"Rightnow,wedon'thaveasolutiononhowtocombatit,sowe'retryingtodosomedifferentthingsthanwhathashappenedbefore."Johnsonsays.

GettingthewordoutiswhatdrawsJohnsontoblackneighborhoodhighschoolssuchasthisone,andthemessagehebringswithhimisapracticalone."Thesafestsexisnosex,"hesays."But,inreality,weknowonlyacertainnumberofpeoplearegoingtohearthat.Thenhitthemwith

'Hey,ifyou'regoingtodoit,you'vegottoprotectyourselfandyourpartner.'"

Hopefully,bytalkingrealisticallyinsteadofavoidingtheissues,JohnsoncanhelpmakethenextgenerationofAfrican-AmericanslesslikelytohaveHIVandAIDS.

"justtrytoberealwiththem,'hesays."Theyappreciatethat.'

26.Thephrase

"diseasethatthepublicstillhadalottolearnabout"heremeansadisease

IA]wasalreadywell-knownthen

[B]wastoocomplicatedforpeople

[C]wasstilltoonewtobeunderstood

[D]killedtoomanyvictimsthen

27.Accordingtothepassage,thegroupwiththeHighestHIVrateis

IAIthewhiteAmericans

[BIAfrican-Americanmen

ICItheAmericanwomen

ID]theblackAmericanwomen

28.Thespeakerisnamed"Magic'Johnsonbecause

IAIhewasonceafamousbasketballcoach

[BIhewasahappysurvivoroftheunhappydisease

[C]hewasgivenchancetotalkofhisownexperience

[D]hewasaverypracticalandrealisticpersoninlife

29.Theword"combat"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]comeback

[B]combine

[C]fightagainst

[D]avoid

30.WhatisthepurposeofJohnson'sspeechtour《

[A]Totakehimselfasanexampleinfightingthedisease.

[BIToraisetheawarenessofyoungAmericansagainstthedisease.

[C]ToprovideabettercurefortheblackAmericanHIVsufferers.

[DTotrysomenewmedicalsolutionsontheHIVandAIDSsufferer

Onceuponatimeallyouneededforacampingtripwasasleepingbag,acompassandsomecommonsense.Now,accordingtomylocalsportinggoodsretailer,alotmoreshouldbeadded.However,outdoortravelhasbecomesuchatrendthaturbanpeoplefindthemselveswithsomeupscaleretailerstoaddresstheireverydesire.

"Eco'and"adventure"arethelatestfashionablewordsindestinationtravel;thoseintheindustryknowtheycanmakeseriouscashoffalltheconsumers.Theseareconsumerswhogetoutdoorsnotfornature'ssake,buttoworkoutsimplyforasplendidcocktailparty.

Asaresultofhigh-enddemand,thegreatoutdoorsisbecominglessaffordableandaccessibleforordinarypeople.Ournationalparksusedtobevastacresofwildernesswherepeoplecouldgoandenjoynature,forfree.Butoverthepast100years,thegovernmenthasbeenslowlysellingorleasingoffpubliclandsforprofit,andourcurrentpresidentiscontinuingthetrend.Largeskiresortshaveswallowedupplentyofwildernessandsmalltownsinthewestbyattractingmorehigh-endbusinesses.Natureisnowacommoditythatcanberepackagedandsoldtothewealthydevelopers.Asforthesmallamountofpubliclandleft,well,trytorememberthelasttimeyoucampedatastateparkforfree.

TheJonesesandeveryonetryingtokeepupwiththemwantapieceoftheoutdoors,butonlywithcreaturecomfortsincluded.Therestofusarebeingslowlypricedoutofnature.Prettysoonmytentandsleepingpackwillbeoutofdate;sincecampingwillmeanaluxuryyurtwithskylightsforstargazing.Ifthisiswhatsignifiesexperiencingnatureinthenewmillennium,thenThoreaumustberollinginhisgrave.

31.Accordingtotheauthor,outdoortravelhasnowbecome

[Allessneededfortheurbanresidents

[B]anuncontrolledtrendforcitydwellers

[C]anevermoreattractiveinterestforurbanpeople

[DJsoeconomicalthatmosturbanpeoplecanaffordit

32.Thephrase"makeseriouscashoffalltheconsumers"(Para.2)means"

[A]makeconsumersdepositalltheirmoneyintobank

[BIcausetheconsumerstouseupalltheirmoney

[C]makealltheconsumerscashtheirmoneyinthebank

[D]makeacarefulplantoattractasmanyconsumersaspossible

33.Paragraph2iswrittento

[Alintroducethenature'schangeoftheoutdoortraveltoday

[B]criticizetheoutdoorcampersfortheirwasteofmoney

[C]describethedifferenceofoutdoorcampingtodayandwhatitwasbefore

[D]implythestronginfluenceoftheconsumingsocietyontheoutdoortravel

34.Theauthorbelievesthat

[A]thegovernmentisfighttosellorleasepubliclandstowealthydevelopers

[B]publiclandsshouldn'thavebeensoldorleasedtoindividualsforprofits

[C]natureshouldbeleft

forwidepublictoenjoyratherthantorent

[D]theoutdoorcampersshouldbemoreclear-mindedinspendingmoney

35.Whatcanordinarycitydwellersdoifthecurrentoutdoortraveltrendcontinues《

[A]Theycandonothingbutgiveuptheiroutdoortravel.

[B]Theywouldfeelangryandprotestagainsttheill-trend.

[C]Thegovernmentandtheindustrymaychangetheirattitude.

[DJFewerandfewerurbanpeoplewillmaketheirseasonaloutdoortravel.

請同學(xué)們先做練習(xí)，再聽課，不斷總結(jié)提高！

2022年閱讀理解真題

Inyourcaryoumayhaveacellphone,atelephonealsoknownasamobilephonethatyoucancarryaroundanduseanywhere.Onyourway,youmayfeelcoordinatedandenjoyyourhands-freephonetalkingwhiledriving.Butrecentstudiessuggestthatitisn'tthedialingorthearmwavingthatmakesdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphonedangerous.Itistheyakkingitself---ormoreprecisely,thecontinuousconversationwithsomeonewhoisn'tpresent---thatmakes.DavidStrayer,aUtahpsychologistsays,

"Yourdrivingperformancewhiletalkingonacellphoneisweakenedatlevelscomparableto,orworsethan,drivingwithabloodalcohollevelof0.08,"whichisthelegallimitinmoststatesofAmerica.

Usingadriving-trainingsimulator,Strayerandhiscolleaguescomparedtheattentionlevelsandresponsetimeof110driversinvarioussituations.Indensetraffic,cellphoneuserswereabout20percentslowertorespondtosuddenhazardsthanotherdrivers,andtheywereabouttwiceaslikelytodriveintothebackofabrakingcarinfrontofthem.

"Cellphonedriversareobtaininglessthan50percentofthevisualinformationthatnon-celldriversaregetting,"saysStrayer.

"Lookingandseeingarenotoneandthesame."Bycontrast,theresearchersfoundthatlisteningtotheradioorconversingwithpassengersisnotashazardous."Whenadangeroussituationarises,thedriverandpassengersputtheirconversationonpause,"Strayersays.

Whethertalkingwithapassengerorsomeoneonacellphone,however,peoplearelessabletorecallthedetailsofaconversationcarriedonwhiledriving.

"Soitmightnotbegoodforyoureconomichealthtodiscussinvestmentstrategieswithyouragentwhileeitherofyouisdriving.'Strayeraddslastly.

16.Accordingtotherecentstudies,whichofthefollowingmakesdrivingdangerous《

[A]Acellphonedialingbythedriver.

[BIThedriver'sendlessarmwaving.

[C]Thedriver'scontinuouscellphonetalking.

[D]Theabsenceofanotherphonespeaker.

17.《WhichofthefollowingdoesStrayerwanttostressmost

IA]ThedrivingperformancemaybeweakenedbyaCellphonetalking.

[BIThedrivingperformancemaybeaffectedbyahighbloodalcohollevel.

[C]Driversarenottodriveoverthecellphoneorafterdrinking.

[D]Acellphonetalkingisnolesshazardousthanalcoholindriving.

18.TheexperimentshowsallthefollowingEXCEPTthat

[A]thecellphonedriversgetlessthanhalfofthevisualinformation

[BIthecellphonedriversaretwiceaslikelytohitthefrontcars

[C]thecellphonedrivers'responsetosuddendangersisslower

[D]the110driverswerereluctanttotakepartintheexperiments

19.Strayerdiscouragesdriversfromtalkingaboutbusinessoncellphoneswhiledrivingbecause

[Altheytendtoforgetthedetailsofaconversation

[B]boththedriverandhisagenthappentobedriving

IC]itmightnotbegoodforthedriver'smemory

[D

theotherpassengerswouldoverheartheconversation

20.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor'sattitudetowardcellphoneyakkingis

IAIapproving

lB]disapproving

IC]encouraging

ID]indifferent

It'snogreatsurprisethatBillGateshasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayin-volvementwithMicrosoft,andusehisfullattentiontooverseehowtheBillGatesFoundationspendsits$16billiononphilanthropy,orcharity.ButGatesisnotthefirstonetofollowthepath.Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandbusinesswomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.Thesaying"Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced.'runsdeeplythroughthebusinesscommunity.

Butoutofallthegreatphilanthropists,Mr.Gate'scareerpathappearstobeclosesttotheoilmillionaireJohnRockefeller.Bothwereself-mademenandbothbecametherichestmenontheplanet.Rockefellerwasinhislatefiftieswhenheturnedhisattentionfulltimetophilanthropy--creatingvastcharitablefoundationstopromotehealthandeducation.NowGatessayshewilldothesameinhisearlyfifties.

"Withgreatwealthcomesgreatresponsibility.'Headds.

LikeGates,manyphilanthropistsdonotwanttopassontoomuchwealthtotheirchildren.Theywantthemtobecomfortable,withanicehouseandsomemoneyintrustfortheirgrandchildren.Buttheydon'twanttoleavethemmillionsbecausetheyknowhowimportantitisforthemtomaketheirownway.InBritain,forinstance,thenewspaperrichilstsareincreasinglydominatedbyself-mademillionaires,ratherthaninheritedwealth.Newmoneyislesslikelytobetiedupinassets,makingitripeforphilanthropy.

Theappearanceofthewelfarestatealsohadagreatimpactonattitudestophilanthropy.Thestatewassayingitwouldtakeovermuchoftheroleofwhatwasonceregardedastheresponsibilityofprivatephilanthropists.

21.BillGateshasdoneallthefollowingEXCEPT

[AlabandoninghiscareerwithMicrosoft'sdailybusiness

[B]devotingtherestofhislifetophilanthropiccauses

[C]leavinghischildrenenoughmoneyforacomfortablelife

ID]defyingJohnRockefellerincreatingcharitablefoundations

22.Thesaying"Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced."properlymeansthat

IA]thewealthypeopleshouldgiveawaytheirfortunesafterdeath

lB]thewealthypeopleshouldfeelashamedfor-theirassets

[C]thewealthypeopleshouldabandontheircareersforcharities

[Ditisshamefulforthewealthypeopletokeeptheirwealthtilldeath

23.GatesandRockefelleraresimilarinthat

[AlBothoftheminheritedtheirwealth

lB]theircareerpathsareexactlythesame

[C]bothdecidedtodevotetocharityintheirfifties

[D]bothmadetheirfortunesinthesameway

24.Manywealthypeopledon'twanttoleavetoomuchbehindmainlybecause

IA]itisnoteasyforthemtomaketheirfortunes

[B]theywanttheirchildrentomaketheirownway

[C]theyjustwishtheirchildrentohaveacomfortablelife

[D]theyhopetogainreputationbydonatingtheirwealth

25.Thechiefreasonwhyphilanthropyhascomeintoagoodstageisthat

[A]thenewmoneyislesslikelytoberegardedasone'sprivatewealth

[B]Gateswilldevotehisfullattentiontophilanthropy

[C]thewelfarestatewouldtakeoverallthecharityresponsibilities

[D]manynewmillionairesareself-maderatherthaninherited

In1991,whenannouncedtobeHIVpositive,"Magic"Johnsonbecamethefaceofadiseasethatthepublicstillhadalottolearnabout.ThebasketballstarestablishedtheMagicJohnsonFoundationthatyearandtookaleadingroleonthepublicrelationsandfund-raisingfrontsinthefightagainstHIVandAIDS.Fifteenyearslater,thereisstillmoreworktodo.

"Alotoftimes,whathappensisthattheposter'snotenough,"Johnsonsays,motioningtohislikenessontheblackboardbehindhim."SoIhavetogetoutandtellthemmyself,likeI'mdoingheretoday."JohnsonisnowtalkingtoanassemblyatBoysandGirlsHighSchoolinhisneighborhoodofBrooklyn,N.Y.Thecrowdisafewhundredstudentsinamostlyblack,working-classneighborhood.ThuseventisthefourthofalO-cityspeakingtourthatisorganizedforminoritycommunities.

AccordingtodrugmakerAbbot,halfofthemorethanImillionAmericanslivingwithHIVareblack.African-Americanmenarebeingdiagnosedwiththediseaseatarate10timesashighasthatofwhitemen.Forwomen,thesituationisevenworse.TherateofdiagnosisforAfrican-Americanwomenis23timesashighasthatfortheirwhitecounterparts.

"Rightnow,wedon'thaveasolutiononhowtocombatit,sowe'retryingtodosomedifferentthingsthanwhathashappenedbefore."Johnsonsays.

GettingthewordoutiswhatdrawsJohnsontoblackneighborhoodhighschoolssuchasthisone,andthemessagehebringswithhimisapracticalone."Thesafestsexisnosex,"hesays."But,inreality,weknowonlyacertainnumberofpeoplearegoingtohearthat.Thenhitthemwith

'Hey,ifyou'regoingtodoit,you'vegottoprotectyourselfandyourpartner.'"

Hopefully,bytalkingrealisticallyinsteadofavoidingtheissues,JohnsoncanhelpmakethenextgenerationofAfrican-AmericanslesslikelytohaveHIVandAIDS.

"justtrytoberealwiththem,'hesays."Theyappreciatethat.'

26.Thephrase

"diseasethatthepublicstillhadalottolearnabout"heremeansadisease

IA]wasalreadywell-knownthen

[B]wastoocomplicatedforpeople

[C]wasstilltoonewtobeunderstood

[D]killedtoomanyvictimsthen

27.Accordingtothepassage,thegroupwiththeHighestHIVrateis

IAIthewhiteAmericans

[BIAfrican-Americanmen

ICItheAmericanwomen

ID]theblackAmericanwomen

28.Thespeakerisnamed"Magic'Johnsonbecause

IAIhewasonceafamousbasketballcoach

[BIhewasahappysurvivoroftheunhappydisease

[C]hewasgivenchancetotalkofhisownexperience

[D]hewasaverypracticalandrealisticpersoninlife

29.Theword"combat"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]comeback

[B]combine

[C]fightagainst

[D]avoid

30.WhatisthepurposeofJohnson'sspeechtour《

[A]Totakehimselfasanexampleinfightingthedisease.

[BIToraisetheawarenessofyoungAmericansagainstthedisease.

[C]ToprovideabettercurefortheblackAmericanHIVsufferers.

[DTotrysomenewmedicalsolutionsontheHIVandAIDSsufferer

Onceuponatimeallyouneededforacampingtripwasasleepingbag,acompassandsomecommonsense.Now,accordingtomylocalsportinggoodsretailer,alotmoreshouldbeadded.However,outdoortravelhasbecomesuchatrendthaturbanpeoplefindthemselveswithsomeupscaleretailerstoaddresstheireverydesire.

"Eco'and"adventure"arethelatestfashionablewordsindestinationtravel;thoseintheindustryknowtheycanmakeseriouscashoffalltheconsumers.Theseareconsumerswhogetoutdoorsnotfornature'ssake,buttoworkoutsimplyforasplendidcocktailparty.

Asaresultofhigh-enddemand,thegreatoutdoorsisbecominglessaffordableandaccessi