初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧實(shí)戰(zhàn)方法整理

一細(xì)節(jié)理解題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法1.快速定位法快速定位法指的是抓住題目中的關(guān)鍵信息﹐用尋讀的方法快速定位。典例

AworkingdayforDereckandBeverlystartsveryearlier——at4:30inthemorning!That'swhentheygetupandstartfilming.Andit'salongday—theyoftenworkuntil8:30intheevening.Inthewinterit'sverycoldandinthesummeritcanbe40℃.Dereckalwaysdoesthat.andshedoesn'twrite.ButDerecknevertakesphotographsorrecordsthesound.Theyworkverywellasateam,andtheybothbelieveweshouldshootanimalswithcameras——notwithguns!★DereckandBeverlystartworkingA.at4:30inthemorningB.at4:30intheafternoonC.at8:30inthemorningD.at8:30intheevening2.選項(xiàng)排除法選項(xiàng)排除法是根據(jù)題干提供的信息,先把一眼就看出的干擾項(xiàng)排除,縮小選擇范圍,然后將剩余的選項(xiàng)填入空白處進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),辨別真?zhèn)?。典?/p>

Howdoyourememberthewaytoyourhouse?Wheredodreamscomefrom?Itisyourbrain(大腦)thatdoesthesethings.ABritishscientistshowedthat“sleepcanimproveone'smemory”.It'snotadreamforstudentstostudywhentheysleep.Infact.yourbrainisworkingdayandnight.1fyoulearnwordsbeforebed.acertainpartofthebrainmayhelpyoutorememberthewordswhileyousleep.What'smore，anotherscientistintheUSAfoundthattherewasa“talentbutton(天才按鈕)”inthehumanbrain.Itmightmakeapersonmoretalented.Therearemoreinterestingthingsaboutthebrain.Yourbrainuseslessenergythanafridgelight.Justtwobananascangivethebrainenoughenergytoworkforawholeday.Accordingtosomescientists.yawning（打哈欠)keepsourbrains“cool”，whichmakesusthinkquicker.Herearesomepiecesofadvicetokeepagoodbrain:-Eathealthyfood.-Getalotofplaytimeorexercise.-Don'tdrinkorsmoke..Useyourbrainalot.★WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Ourbrainsonlyworkinthedaytime.B.Ourbrainsneedmuchenergyeveryday.C.Smokingcankeepourbrainshealthy.D.Gettingexerciseisgoodforourbrains.3.數(shù)字計(jì)算法數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是細(xì)節(jié)理解題的一種,數(shù)字計(jì)算法主要適用于該類(lèi)題。該方法要求對(duì)文章中提到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除運(yùn)算,以便得出符合題目要求的數(shù)據(jù)。典例Whenwecutdowntherainforests，wedestroytheseforestpeople，too.In1900，therewere1，000，000forestpeopleintheAmazonforest.In1980,therewereonly200,000.★ThenumberofthepeoplelivingintheAmazonforestin1980was

ofthatin1900.A.halfB.one-thirdC.two-fifthsD.one-fifth二詞義猜測(cè)題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法1.通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生,轉(zhuǎn)化或合成的新詞,考生可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法方面的知識(shí)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。典例Theylikedifferentkindsofamusements.TheGermansareveryhard-working.Theyliketidiness，especiallythewomen，whoalwayskeeptheirhomeclean.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tidiness”meaninChinese?A.整潔B.安靜C.時(shí)尚D.隨意2.利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義作者有時(shí)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為一些生詞直接提供定義或解釋,這些符號(hào)無(wú)疑為考生理解或猜測(cè)生詞詞義提供了很好的線索,如破折號(hào)、引號(hào)等?？忌诮忸}時(shí)要善于抓住這些線索。典例Bobworksinacarfactorynearhishome.Heworksveryhard.Heneedstowork8hourseveryday.Hewillbeonthe

nightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.nextday.★What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords?A.開(kāi)夜車(chē)B.夜班C.熬夜D.晚上休息3.通過(guò)同義.反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在生詞所在的上下文中,有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或反義的詞語(yǔ),這時(shí)可根據(jù)熟悉的詞語(yǔ)的含義推知生詞的含義。典例

Initsfirstyearofbusiness.DinersClubissued

200cards.ThecustomerswhogotthecardsfromtheDinersClubcouldusethemat27differentrestaurants.Today.DinersClubhasabout8millioncustomers.andtheycanusetheircardsinover7.6millionbusinessesinmorethan200countries.★Theunderlinedword“issued”hereprobablymeansA.showedB.tookC.borrowedD.provided4.通過(guò)定義.解釋和舉例猜測(cè)詞義在閱讀材料中,特別是新聞報(bào)道及科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文中,生詞后面往往用thatis，mean，standfor,namely，referto，inotherwords等或破折號(hào)引出說(shuō)明性的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)也用同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。還有些文章經(jīng)常用例子來(lái)說(shuō)明前面較難理解的詞,這些例子可幫助考生準(zhǔn)確猜測(cè)生詞。文章舉例時(shí),常常會(huì)用一些連接詞，如:suchas，like，forexample等。典例

Whydidhedoit?Whydidhebreakthelawandendangerpeople'shealth?Theanswerissimple:Hewantedtomakemoremoney.Itwasamoralfailing，andthisisattheheartofthefoodscandalsinChina.Toomanypeoplefocusonmakingmoneyandnotontheeffectstheiractionscanhaveonothers.★Itwasamoralfailing，andthisisattheheartofthefoodscandalsinChina.Herewhat'stheChinesemeaningof"moralfailing”?A.精神崩潰B.道德滑坡C.質(zhì)量下降D.心理失衡5.根據(jù)釋義猜詞義釋義常由定語(yǔ)從句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled，beknownas等詞匯短語(yǔ)或破折號(hào)來(lái)表示。典例

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis，itwillbreakeasily.What'stheChinesemeaningof“brittle”?A.強(qiáng)壯的B.脆的C.驕傲的D.平靜的6.通過(guò)上下文的聯(lián)系猜測(cè)詞義任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有聯(lián)系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析,進(jìn)而猜測(cè)詞義。典例

Asshegrewolder.sheacceptedwhoshewas.Still.shewantedtofindthemissingpieceofthepuzzle.Afterfindingouttheplaceofherbirthparents.IdawenttoKoreain2008.Whenshefirstarrived，shewassurprisedtoseesomanypeoplewholookedlikeher.However,apartfromherlooks，notmuchcouldbesharedwithothers.sheknewlittleabouttheculture，food，especiallythelanguage.BeinginKoreawasn'talwayseasyforher.★Whatdoesthephrase“apartfrom”mean?A.exceptB.asforC.aswellasD.besides三推理判斷題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法1.抓住特定關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行正向或逆向推理考生做此類(lèi)試題時(shí),要善于抓住某一關(guān)鍵信息﹐即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷,利用正向推理或逆向思維,從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。典例MarkWellmanshowedthatifyousetyourheartandmindonsomething,nowallistoohigh，andnodreamisimpossible.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Dreamswillcometrueintheend.C.Eachstepisimportanttosuccess.D.Nothingcanstopastrongwill.2.根據(jù)文章中主人翁的所作所為推斷主人翁的身份對(duì)于推斷主人翁或作者身份的題目,考生要根據(jù)主人翁或作者的所作所為來(lái)推斷。典例

InEngland，everybodyknowsJamieOliver.HehashisownTVprograms.Intheseprograms.hetellspeoplehowtocookhealthyfood.EveryonelikesJamie'sprogramsbecausehisfoodiseasytomake.Jamiewantspeopletoeathealthily.InsomeschoolsinEngland，thefoodatlunchtimewasn'thealthy.Oneday，JamiewenttoaschooltomakeaTVprogramabouthealthydiet.Hecookedthe

foodwithlotsoffruitandvegetables.Atfirstthechildrendidn'twanttoeatbecausetheydidn'tlikefruitorvegetables.Butaftertheytastedthefood,theystartedtoenjoyit.Nowthefoodforchildreninschoolshasbecomemuchhealthier.★FromthepassagewelearntthatJamieisafamousA.TVhostB.filmactorC.schoolteacher3.運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷有些文章的語(yǔ)境有一定的褒貶性,這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子,對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意,了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化,從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。典例Afterourhospitalvisit，myhusbandandlneededcheeringup.sowethoughtwewouldtreatourselvestoabigbreakfastatourfavouriterestaurant.Whilewewerewaitingforourmeals，wedecidedtousealloursmallchangeandmakeourwalletslight.sowecounteditoutaswewaited.lvaguely(含糊地)rememberedseeingamansittingnearby.Whenourmealsarrived，wefoundanote.Itread,"Yourbreakfasthasbeenpaidfor.Hopeyouhavealovelyday.”ltwasawonderfulsurpriseasnothinglikethathadeverhappenedtous.Hemusthavethoughtwecouldhardlypaythebill.Welookedaroundtothankhim，buthehadleft.Asretirees(退休者),weweregratefulforthehelplikethis，butitwasthekindnessofatotalstrangerthatmeantsomuchmoretous.★ClearlythemansittingnearthecouplewasA.poorB.richC.helpfulD.grateful4.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn).例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論﹐而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類(lèi)題時(shí),應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路,預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě),也可按因果關(guān)系,對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)描寫(xiě)。典例

MysummerholswrCWOT.B4，weused2go2NY2Cmybro.hisGF&.thr3:—@kidsFTF.ILNYanditsgr8.Canyouunderstandthissentence?Ifyoucan't，don'tfeeltoobad:neithercouldthemiddleschoolteacherinEnglandwhoreceivedthisashomework.ThisisNetspeak:thelanguageofcomputerizedcommunicationfoundonInternetorcellphones.Tonewcomers.itcanlooklikeacompletelyforeignlanguage.So,whatisthe“translation”ofthesentenceabove?Mysummerholidayswereacompletewasteoftime.Before,weusedtogotoNeeYorktoseemybrother,hisgirlfriend,andtheirthreescreamingkidsfacetoface.IloveNewYorkandit'sgreat.★Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Togiveanexampleofaforeignlanguage.B.Toshowanexampleofcreativemethods.C.ToexpressworriesaboutusingNetspeak.D.ToleadinthetopicofNetspcak.四熱身環(huán)節(jié)主旨大意題的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技法1.主旨大意題解題的“五大原則”主旨大意題是不能夠從原文中直接找到答案的題目﹐解題時(shí)要注意以下“五大原則”:①以原文為依據(jù),不摻雜個(gè)人意見(jiàn),要客觀不要主觀。要克服“我認(rèn)為……怎么樣”的觀點(diǎn)。②答案是比出來(lái)的。因?yàn)?有時(shí)候四個(gè)答案都是對(duì)的。答案不選對(duì)的,只選最好的。比答案的原則是:好的≥不知道的≥不對(duì)的。③注意絕對(duì)化的詞。如果答案選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)化的詞,比如:all.always,never,nothing,every等,除非文章當(dāng)中使用了該類(lèi)詞匯,否則,一般都要排除。④答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面,以偏概全。尤其是多個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有道理,難以挑選正確答案的時(shí)候,要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個(gè)。⑤“傻瓜”原則。文章中沒(méi)有提到的就當(dāng)是不知道,不要枉自猜測(cè),自作聰明。一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。2.選帽原則所謂選帽原則,就是選的標(biāo)題要像帽子一樣,大小合適才行。另外,標(biāo)題要簡(jiǎn)潔、突出、新穎。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆,所以它還要具有醒目的特點(diǎn),能吸引讀者。典例Hi，dearboysandgirls!Doyouknowhowtobeahealthykid?Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollow.First.eatdifferentfoods，especiallyfruitandvegetables.Youmayhaveafavouritefood，butyou'dbettereatsomethingdifferent.lfyoueatdifferentfoods，youwillprobablygetmorenutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì))yourbodyneeds.Second，drinkwaterandmilkasoftenaspossible...Third.listentoyourbody...Fourth，limit(限制)screentimes...Fifth，beactive...Followtheserulesandyoucanbeahealthykid.★Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtobeactiveB.HowtomakeyourselfimportantC.HowtomakeyourparentshealthyD.Howtobeahealthykid3.主題定位法主旨大意題主要包括兩類(lèi);標(biāo)題類(lèi)和主旨大意類(lèi)。這兩類(lèi)題目有很多的共性,解這類(lèi)題目時(shí),主要采取主題定位法。所謂主題定位法,就是通過(guò)分析文章的首尾和各段開(kāi)頭,找出每一小段的主題句,然后通過(guò)尋找共同點(diǎn),找出整個(gè)文章的主題句。這種方法叫作主題定位法。要掌握好主題定位法,考生要明白主題主要的呈現(xiàn)方式:(1)藏頭露尾式藏頭露尾式的意思是說(shuō),主題句不是出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭,而是出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。典例OntheInternet，wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.what'smore，wecangotoschoolonthenet，readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic，watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet，wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.★What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.B.Surfthenet.C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.(2)首尾呼應(yīng)式在有些文章中,為了突出主題,作者在文章開(kāi)頭提出主題,接著進(jìn)行闡述或論證,在結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)明主題。值得注意的是,前后兩個(gè)主題句不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),再次出現(xiàn)的主題句往往是對(duì)前面主題句的進(jìn)一步引申或發(fā)展。典例Lacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalis...TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegames