高二英語語法復(fù)習(xí)人教版

高二英語語法復(fù)習(xí)人教版【本講教育信息】一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語法復(fù)習(xí)：過去分詞做狀語復(fù)習(xí)分詞的各種形式（doing;havingdone;havingbeendone）做狀語。二.知識總結(jié)與歸納：（一）過去分詞可以做一個(gè)陳述句的時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步等狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)：過去分詞短語，主句（主語+謂語）相當(dāng)于（1）表示被動語態(tài)的時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步狀語從句。例：Kickedoutfromthiscompany,hehadtofindanewjob.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.Seenfromthetop,itlooksasifthestadiumiscoveredbyagraynetofsteel.Bentroofandtwenty-foothighwallsofglassmakethemspecialwhencomparedwithotherarchitecturefromthesameperiod.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.（2）含主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+V-ed形式）表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)的狀語從句。例：Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Excitedbyoursuccess,wedecidedtocelebratewithdinner.Shockedatthewasteofmoney,Idecidedtoleavethatcompany.Well-knownforherskillasadesigner,shewasinvitedtoworkwiththecompany.SurprisedatwhatBerryhaddone,hedidn'tknowwhattosayatfirst.（二）過去分詞表達(dá)的動作先于主句的動作，表示：已經(jīng)被……結(jié)構(gòu)：havingbeendone短語，主句（主語+謂語）HavingbeentranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularinChina.Afterhavingbeenexaminedcarefully,theroomwaslockedagain.Havingbeenexhaustedbythejourney,hewentstraighttobed.Havingbeentaughtmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.（三）復(fù)習(xí)：現(xiàn)在分詞（doing短語）以及它的完成式（havingdone短語）做時(shí)間、原因，條件，讓步狀語；相當(dāng)于表示主動意義的狀語從句。例：結(jié)構(gòu)：doing短語，主句（主語+謂語）當(dāng)……時(shí)，/由于……/如果……h(huán)avingdone短語，主句（主語+謂語）已經(jīng)……之后Livingfarfromschool,heisoftenlate.Knowingthatherdaughtergotsickatschool,shehurriedtoschooltotakeherhome.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeformanyyears,shegotmoreandmorehomesick.Drivingtotheairport,hehitaboyonthebike.Hearingthemusic,hebegantogethomesick.Beingquiteill,hehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingonapicnic.Havinggotmarried,helivedseparatelyfromhisparents.（四）分詞短語的邏輯主語應(yīng)當(dāng)與主句主語一致。如果分詞短語的主語不是主句的主語，則分詞短語的主語（名詞）應(yīng)放在分詞前面。Timepermitting,we'llcallonourteacher.Workfinished,hepreparedtoreturnhome.Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedworking.（五）總結(jié)及解題思路：根據(jù)分詞短語與主句主語的關(guān)系（主動，被動）和時(shí)間順序（在主句動作之前，或與主句同時(shí)發(fā)生）來確定做狀語的分詞的形式。（六）分詞在陳述句后面，做陳述句的伴隨狀語或結(jié)果狀語：表示伴隨動作的分詞根據(jù)它們與主句主語的關(guān)系（主動/被動），選用doing或done短語表達(dá)。Hewasstanding,holdingontoatreethatgrewagainstthewall.Thereshestopped,listeningtothestrangesounds,whilethewholehousemoved.Atlasthestoppedrunning,sweatstreamingdownhisface.【典型例題】一.單項(xiàng)選擇：in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding.分析：根據(jù)句意：Harvard大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1636年，“創(chuàng)建”與主句主語Harvard為被動關(guān)系。答案：CHearingthenews,hehurriedout,___book___onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenD.left;lyingopened分析：根據(jù)句意：聽到這個(gè)消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在遠(yuǎn)方，但他的書還打開著放在桌上。hurriedout和disappeared是連續(xù)的動作。而___book___onthetable則是伴隨的動作。答案：BThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackingin分析：根據(jù)句意：雖然缺少錢，他的父母還是想方設(shè)法把他送進(jìn)了大學(xué)。Lackof（缺乏）與主語hisparents為主動關(guān)系。答案：Bmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.GivenB.TogivenC.GivingD.Havinggiven分析：根據(jù)句意：如果給予更多的關(guān)注，樹會長得更好。moreattention做條件狀語，give與主語thetree為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞做狀語。答案：A___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose分析：由于走神了，他差點(diǎn)撞到汽車上。lostinthought形容詞短語：走神。答案：C二.翻譯句子：泰德拒絕了朋友去海洋公園的邀請，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過兩次了。答案：HavingbeentotheOceanParktwice,Tedrefusedhisfriend'sinvitationtogothere.Tedrefusedhisfriend'sinvitationtogototheOceanParkbecausehehadbeentheretwice.從遠(yuǎn)處看，這個(gè)島嶼就象一朵彩云。答案：Viewedfromthedistance,theislandlookedlikeacolorcloud.Whenitwasviewedfromthedistance,theislandlookedlikeacolorcloud.他出身與一個(gè)貧困家庭，只上過兩年學(xué)。答案：Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Firstbuiltasanexclusiveplaygroundforthe60'sjetsetbyamemberofitsown,A&PSupermarketheirHuntingtonHartford,overtheyearstheclubdidclosesomeofitsluster,butneveritsbeautifulsetting.答案：翻譯最初的時(shí)候，海洋俱樂部只是一個(gè)為六十年代有錢人階層專門建立的私人俱樂部其創(chuàng)建者HuntingtonHartford是A&P超市的繼承人，也是富人階層的一分子。多年之后，俱樂部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那優(yōu)美的環(huán)境依舊保存完好?！灸M試題】（答題時(shí)間：50分鐘）單項(xiàng)選擇：wrongwiththeengine,hestoppedhiscar.A.FeelingsomethinggoB.FeelingsomethingtogoC.TofeelsomethinggoneD.Havingfeltsomethinggonemyparents'letter,Idecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceiveB.NottoreceiveC.NotreceivedD.NothavingreceivedThenewmachine,if___properly,willworkforatleasttenyears.A.useB.usingC.beingusedD.used,theyoungmanishealthyandstrong.A.FullydevelopedB.FullydevelopingC.HavingfullydevelopedD.Tobefullydeveloped___tomakeaspeech,hesaidhewouldbeverygladto.A.WhenaskedB.WhenaskingC.TobeaskedD.WhenhewasaskingWhen___,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.CompletedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted完型填空NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhis1__andtraveling.ThenafterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfroma__2__triptoRussia.Mr.Cousinsgotsick.Becausehehadpushedhisbodytothe__3__ofitsstrengthonthetrip,achangebegantotakeplace4him.Thematerialsbetweenhisbonesbecame5.Inlessthanoneweekafterhisreturn,hecouldnot__6.Everymovethathe_7aspainful.Hewasnotabletosleepatnight.ThedoctorstoldhimthattheydidnotknowhowtocureMr.Cousins'problemandhemightnever8overtheillness.Mr.Cousins,however,refusedtogiveup9Mr.Cousinsthoughtthat10thoughtswerecausingbadchemicalchangesinhisbody.Hedidnotwanttotakemedicinetocurehimself._11__hefeltthathappythoughtsor_12_mightcurehisillness.Hebeganto13onhimselfwhilestillinhospitalbywatchingfunnyshowsontelevision.Mr.Cousinsquicklyfoundthat10minutesofreallaughterduringthe14_gavehimtwohoursofpain-freesleepatnight._15一thedoctorscouldnothelphim.Mr.Cousinsleftthehospitalandcheckedintoahotelroomwherehecould16hisexperimentswithlaughter.Foreightdays,Mr.Cousinsrestedinthehotelroomwatchingfunnyshowsontelevision,readingfunnybooks,andsleeping17hefelttired.Withinthreeweeks,hefeltwell18totakeavacationtoPuertoRicowherehebeganrunningonthebeachfor19.Afterafewmonths,Mr.Cousinsreturnedtowork.Hehadlaughedhimselfbackto__20___.1.A.timeB.holidayC.sleepD.work2.A.boringB.tiringC.dangerousD.pleasant3.A.topB.degreeC.problemD.limit4.A.fromB.aroundC.insideD.beside5.A.weakB.illC.falseD.painful6.A.speakB.breatheC.standD.see7.A.madeB.didC.tookD.gave8.A.lookB.getC.turnD.think9.A.effortB.hopeC.treatmentD.arrangement10.A.foolishB.unusualC.funnyD.unhappy11.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise12.A.sleepB.travelC.laughterD.television13.A.rescueB.operateC.tryD.experiment14.A.dayB.weekC.monthD.year15.A.PromisingB.DecidingC.DoubtingD.Recognizing16.A.inventB.beginC.continueD.prove17.A.untilB.wheneverC.unlessD.sothat18.A.soonB.completelyC.slowlyD.enough19.A.exerciseB.illnessC.restD.pleasure20.A.powerB.senseC.healthD.happiness三.閱讀理解：AItisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwordswhenyouareinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheachotherbyusinggestures（手勢）.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeans“yes”,whileinsomepatsofGreeceandTurkey,itmeans“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsaying“Iheardyou”.TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright.”However,inGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclaspe（d緊握的）handsupaboveyourheadmeans“Iamthewinner.”Itisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignoffriendship.IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指）,andtheotherthreestraightmeans“EverythingisOK.”InFrance,itmeans“Youareworthnothing.”Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmerican,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,suchasage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.Whichofthefollowingistrue?Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans“.”A.Yes.B.NoC.IheardyouD.IamthewinnerPuttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.ChinaWhatdoesthissentencemean"....youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords"?Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,.A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthelanguage.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.Thedesiretomakeexplorationsisbornwithman.Whereverhisimaginationgoes,manalsohasastrongwishtogo.Alargepartofhumanhistoryisconsideredwiththeexplorationoftheworldinwhichwelive.Againandagainpeoplehavesetoutwithsurprisingcourageandpatiencetolookintounknownregionsandlandstoseewhathadnotyetbeenseen,tomaketheunknownknown.Withkites,balloonsandaircrafttheyleftthegroundtopassthroughtheloweratmosphere.Nowtheouterspacereceivestheirattention.Whyshouldmantakethetroubleofconqueringspace?Itishardtolistthespecificpracticalbenefitsthatwillsurelyseeanddiscovernewthingsinspacethatwillincreaseourscientificknowledge,andthisnewknowledgewillfinditswayintovaluablepracticaluses.Whatwelearnaboutmanhimself,fromhisexperienceinspace,andfromtheeffectsofspaceandthespaceflightenvironmentonhim,willbeextremelyvaluable.Thenewtechniquesdevelopedtocarryouttheexplorationofspace,andtokeepmanaliveinspace,willcertainlyfindpracticalusesineverydaylifeinsomeway.Theareasthatwillbenefitsaremanifold.Theyincludecommunication,generationofpower,transportationandtravel,foodproduction,materials,fuelsandmanyothers.Buttosaydefinitelyjustwhatthepracticalresultswillbeisalmostimpossible.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat___.mandesiretoexplorewhatisunknown.manoftengoeswhereverhisdreamsgomanisnolongerinterestedinthestudyofthelandandseanow.man'shistoryishisexplorationoftheworld.Theword“manifold”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans___.A.vastB.variousC.valuableD.practicalTheauthorseemstobeinfavorof___.doubtingthenecessityofthespaceexplorationtheexplorationofspaceexploringmoreinspacethaninseahisexperienceinspaceInthelastsentenceofParagraph2thephrase“practicalresult”referstotheresults___.thatareobtainedfromexperiencethatcanbelearnedasknowledgethatcanbemadeuseofhelpingusmakefurtherexploration.【試題答案】一.單項(xiàng)選擇：A解析：wrongwiththeengine做全句的原因狀語，feel與主語具有主動關(guān)系，用-ing形式做狀語，gowrong做賓語something的補(bǔ)足語。D解析由于沒有受到父母的來信,在全句中做原因狀語，動作在主句decidedtowriteagain動作之前，用-ing的完成式Nothavingdone結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語D解析：如果被使用恰當(dāng)，過去分詞做條件狀語。A解析：如果進(jìn)行全面發(fā)展，過去分詞做狀語，與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。A解析：當(dāng)被要求講話時(shí)，他說他很高興。A解析：當(dāng)博物館被完工（竣工）時(shí)，它將與明年對公眾開放。二.完型填空D解析：他很喜歡他的工作和旅行出差B解析：從到俄羅斯的令人疲憊不堪的出差回到美國。Tiring預(yù)示下文提到的Mr.Cousins生病。D解析：在旅途中，他把他的身體的體力推向了極限TOC\o"1-5"\h\zC解析：于是他的身體內(nèi)部發(fā)生了變化A解析：他的骨頭之間的物質(zhì)變得脆弱了。本題另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)與主語搭配不合適。C解析：他幾乎無法站立了A解析：他所做的每一個(gè)動作都讓他感到疼痛。做運(yùn)動：makeamoveB解析：醫(yī)生告訴他，他們無法解決他的問題，他可能不能從他的疾病中恢復(fù)過來。getover：從病中恢復(fù)過來。B解析：Mr.Cousins拒絕放棄治療的希望。D解析：Mr.Cousins認(rèn)為一些不愉快的想法正在他的體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生著某種化學(xué)變化。