上海高三英語(yǔ)2019徐匯二模

2018學(xué)年第二學(xué)期徐匯區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷卷高三英語(yǔ)試卷2019.4高三英語(yǔ)試卷2019.4I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atanairport.B.Inthehotel.A.Theladyhastogoaskforhelp.C.Theladyhastohaveblackcoffee.A.Thepaintingsarecopieswithreasonableprices.C.Thepaintingsareonlysoldatthisfair.A.ThemanbookedtheflightonSep.19.C.ThemanwantstosellhisticketforSep.16.A.Asoccergame.B.Abicyclerace.A.Skirt. B. Matches.A.Shewantsanothersteak.C.Sheistoofulltohaveanythingmore.A.Shepreferstoexerciseintheafternoon.Themanshouldcontinuewithhisexercise.Itisimportanttomakewarming-upexercise.Themanshouldstarttoexerciseonemonthlater.A.Itwouldbeverycoldtoday.C.Thecoldfrontwouldstayforlong.A.Todrivealongwayhome.Atabusstop.D.Inasubwaystation.B.Theladyissatisfiedwithherblackcoffee.Theladyhashadtoomuchblackcoffee.B.Thepaintingsareabsolutelygenuine.D.Thepaintingsarehighlypriced.ThemanwilltaketheflightonSep.16.D.ThemanislikelytotaketheflightonSep.20.C.Aswimminggame.D.AMarathonrunningrace.Toes. D.Shoes.B.Shedoesn’tlikethesteak.Sheisfullofenergy.B.Itwouldgetwarmtoday.D.Theweatherreportwaswrong.Toserveasagoodmechanic.Tobuyanewcar. D.Togethercarmaintained.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Manypeopleliketoeatdogmeat. B.Theworldistoocompetitive.C.Dogsareunhappywiththeirexistence. D.Dogsenjoytheirlifewithpeople.A.Asickdog. B.Awatchdog.C.Ajunkyarddog. D.Abarkingdog.A.Heisprobablytomakehiswifemadder.Hecouldgotoworklikeadogandgetdog-tired.Heisprobablytoletsleepingdogslie.Heprobablywillstayinthedoghouse.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.ZhuyunArtMuseumshowsChina,smodernculture,artandhistory.ZhuyunArtMuseumshowsJiading,snativeculture,artandhistory.ZhuyunArtMuseumshowsJiading,sartcraftsdatingbacktoTangDynasty.ZhuyunArtMuseumshowsJiading,scontemporarypaintingsandcalligraphy.A.Torenewoldfactoriestomeetmoredemandsoflocalresidents.Tostoreasmuchartcraftsaspossible.Toservethelocalstomeettheirdiverseartdemands.Tosetashelterforlocalmodernartists.A.TheearliestBuddhastatuesinitisabout2500yearsold.Thismuseumholdsover1000Buddhastatues.Theexhibitsinitaremadeofavarietyofmaterials.Theexhibitsrepresentancientpeople,sdelicatetechniquesandintelligence.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Teacherandstudent. B.Consultantandparent.C.Consultantandheadmaster. D.Doctorandpatient.A.Hewithdrewsomemoneyfromhisparents7bankaccount.Hemixedwithsomebadguys,whichinfluencedhisstudy.Hewasnotasattentiveasbefore.HewatchedtoomuchTVathome.A.Shewasannoyed. B.Shewasindifferent.C.Shewasconfused. D.Shewasanxious.A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.AllroadsleadtoRome.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Don'tthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Thebiggesthouseofcards,thelongesttongue,andofcourse,thetallestman:theseareamongthethousandsofrecordsloggedinthefamousGuinnessBookofRecords.Createdin1955afteradebate(21)(concern)Europe'sfastestgamebird,(22)beganasamarketingtoolsoldtopublandlords(23)(promote)Guinness,anIrishdrink,becamethebestsellingcopyrighttitleofalltime(acategorythatexcludesbookssuchastheBibleandtheKoran).Intime,thebookwouldsell120millioncopiesinover100countries-quitealeapfromitshumblebeginnings.Initsearlyyears,thebooksetitssightson(24)(satisfy)man'sinborncuriosityaboutthenaturalworldaroundhim.Itstwoprincipalfactfinders,twinsNorrisandRossMcWhirter,movedwildlyaroundtheglobetocollectfacts.Itwastheirtasktofindanddocumentaspectsoflifethatcanbesensedorobserved,thingsthatcanbequantifiedormeasured.Butnotjustanythings.Theywereonlyinterestedinsuperlatives:thebiggestandthebest.Itwasduringthisperiod(25)someoftheremarkableGuinnessRecordsweredocumented,answeringsuchquestionsas"Whatisthebrighteststar?"and"Whatisthebiggestspider?"Onceawareofthepublic'sthirstforsuchknowledge,thebook'sauthorsbegantobranchouttocoverincreasinglydoubtful,little-knownfacts.Theystarteddocumentinghumanachievementsaswell.Aforerunnerforrealitytelevision,theGuinnessBookgavepeople(26)chancetobecomefamousforaccomplishingodd,oftenpointlesstasks.Recordsweresetin1955forconsuming24raweggsin14minutesandin1981forthefastestsolvingofaRubik'sCube(whichtookamere38seconds).In1979amanyodeled(用真假嗓音交替唱)non-stopfortenandaquarterhours.Initslatestappearance,thebookhasfoundanewhomeontheinternet.Nolonger(27)(restrict)tothelimitsofphysicalpaper,theGuinnessWorldRecordswebsitecontainsseeminglyinnumerablefactsconcerningsuchtopicsasthemostpowerfulcombustion(燃燒)engine,ortheworld'slongesttrain.Whatisstriking,however,isthatsuchfactsarefoundsharingapagewiththerecordoftheheaviesttraintobepulled(28)abeard.Originatingasasimplebarbook,theGuinnessBookofRecords(29)(evolve)overdecadestoprovideinsightintothefullrangeofmodernlife.Andalthoughonemaybe(30)(likely)nowtolearnaboutthewidesthumanmouththanthehighestnumberofcasualtiesinasinglebattleoftheCivilWar,theGuinnessWorldRecordswebsiteoffersatellingglimpseintothefutureoffact-findingandrecord-recording.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.declineB.investedC.scratchingD.harvestE.farmersF.barelyG.occurrenceH.implementationI.unmarketableJ.adjustmentsK.enemiesLikemanypeopleactingonthedesiretoeathealthyandlocal,AcropolisresidentEduardoJimenezdecidedtoplantagardeninhisbackyard.Heploughedthesoil,heplantedtheseeds,andheevensetupafencetokeepoutthedeer.Eduardodideverythingright.Orsoitseems.However,when(31)timehascome,hehasnotonetomato,bean,orleafoflettucetoshowforhishardwork.Howdidthishappen?Theanswercomesintheformofasmall,brown,particularlysmellyinsect:thestinkbug.Unliketheirpickycousins,stinkbugsfeedonsome300speciesofplants,includingfigs,blueberries,corn,andkiwifruitsaswellassoybeans,peas,andweeds.Althoughtheydolittledamagetotheplantitself,theymakethefruitsandvegetables(32).Forthisreason,stinkbugsposethemostseriousthreattothebigagriculturalistsandmacrofarmoperators.Macrofarmershavemore(33)intheirproduce,andthereforehavemoretolose.WhilehobbyistslikeEduardoarelefttofacethedisappointmentofanunsuccessfulgarden,macrofarmersareforcedtolivewiththelossofentiretractsofcashcrops—afactthathasleftmany(34)abletoclothetheirchildrenorputfoodonthetable.Lastseasonalone,severalNewJerseypepperfarmerssaw75%oftheircropsdamaged.Pennsylvanialosthalfofitspeachpopulation,and,accordingtotheUSAppleAssociation,applefarmersinthemid-Atlanticstateslost$37million.Thisyearcouldbeworse.Asaresultofthis(35)inthesupplyoffreshfruitsandvegetables,shoppershaveseen(36)—sometimesquitedramatic-inpricesatthegrocerystore.PricesofapplesinMarylandareup8%.Inthenorth-Atlanticstates,pricesforpeppersshotupanastonishing14%.Notonlyaretheseitemsbecomingmoreexpensive,buttheyarealsogettinghardertofind.Lastweek,MargeJenkinsofAthens,Georgiareportedhavingtocheckthreedifferentstoresbeforeencounteringadecentbatchofpeas.Andthis,sheassuresus,isaregular(37).AccidentallybroughtfromAsia,thestinkbughasnonatural(38)inAmerica,andthusitspopulationisrisingsharply.Reportedsightingsofstinkbugsarebecomingincreasinglynumerous,asthedried,brown,trapezoidal(不規(guī)則四邊形)shellsofthedeadbugsareeverywhereinsomeareas.Thishasfarmersandscientistsalike(39)theirheadsinsearchofaremedy.Hope,theybelieve,mayliewithanAsianparasiticwasp(黃蜂)，whichhelpfullylaysitseggsinsidestinkbugeggs.Thelarvae(幼蟲)ofthewaspconsumethestinkbugfromtheinside.Butthe(40)ofsuchasolutionisstillseveralyearsaway,asscientistsmustfirstdetermineifitissafeforthewasptobeintroducedintoAmerica.Untilthen,somefarmersareresortingtohomemadetraps.Othershaveevencontemplatedtheuseofpeacocksandprayingmantises,which,theyimagine,willgulpdownthelittlestinkers.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirectionsForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.StudentsinCaldwell,Idaho,canattendclassintheirpajamas(睡衣)！AtVallivueVirtualAcademy,coursesaretaughtonline.Studentsworkathomewithparents,whoserveaslearningcoaches.Acertifiedteacher(41)thestudents,progress.Thecyberschoolwas(42)asafreeoptionforstudentsinkindergartenthroughgrade8whohavetroublesucceedinginthedistrict,s(43)publicschool.Supportersoftheprogramsaythatvirtualschoolshelpstudentsavoidthesocialpressuresthatcan(44)withlearning.Inaddition,supportersargue,onlinecoursesprovidekidswithmorefocused(45)andcourseoptionsthantheycangetinatypicalschool.Noteveryonegivescyberschoolsapassinggrade,however.Someeducatorsarguethatonlinelearningmakesithardforstudentstomakefriends.Manyparentsalsofeelthatcyberschoolsput (46)timedemandsonthembecausetheyhavetooverseetheirkids,dailywork.Technologycanbenefiteducation,butitshouldn,t(47)education.Studentswhogotovirtualschoolswillmissmanyofthebenefitsofbeinginarealschool.Ifkidsattendschoolonline,theywillmissoutonimportantsocial(48).PaytonMcdonough,13,aseventhgraderfromGlencoe,Ill.,agrees.“Idon,tknowhowIcouldsitatacomputeralldaywithout(49)interactingwithmypeersandteachers,”hesays.Inaddition,virtualschoolsdon'thaveenoughstructure.Studentswhotakeonlinecoursescansettheirownschedules,whichwillcauseproblemsforstudentswhohavetroublestaying(50).Furthermore,onlineschoolingputsstressonparentsbecausetheyhaveto(51)whattheirkidsdoathome.Manyparentshavefull-timejobs.Howaretheygoingtoruntheirchildren,seducation,(52)intheirjobs,andtakecareoftheirotherresponsibilitiesathome?Virtualschoolswillmakeitharderforstudentstolearnandwillputtoomuchpressureonparents.Virtuallearningdoesnotneedtoreplaceclassroomlearning(53),butitcanhelpstudentsworkattheirownpace.Ifstudentsstrugglewithsubjects,theycantakethosecoursesonlineandspendmoretimeonthem.Virtualschoolscanalsoofferstudentsmuchmore(54)schedules.Studentsoftenhandleextracurricularactivities,sports,andschoolwork,andcyberschoolscouldhelpthemmanageeverything.Finally,attendingvirtualschoolcanpreparestudentsforcollegeandforworkafter(5 5).“Weneedtoberesponsibleforworkingonourown,”saysAngelaGoscilo,aseniorfromPoundRidge,N.Y.“Weneedtodeveloptechnologyskillsthatwillhelpusinwhateverwedo.Gettinganearlystartisagoodidea.”41.A.overseesB.suspectedC.admittedD.predicted42.A.toleratedB.launchedC.undergoneD.transformed43.A.virtualB.superiorC.traditionalD.specialized44.A.agreeB.putupC.goD.interfere45.A.attentionB.definitionC.foundationD.instruction46.A.unlimitedB.uncivilizedC.unrealisticD.unaffected47.A.turntoB.takeoverC.takeinD.makeup48.A.interactionsB.educationC.occupationD.identification49.A.actuallyB.presentlyC.naturallyD.logically50.A.examinedB.motivatedC.exhaustedD.represented51.A.complimentB.awardC.superviseD.tempt52.A.negotiateB.innovateC.controlD.excel53.A.entirelyB.partiallyC.regularlyD.purposely54.A.sustainableB.flexibleC.relevantD.optimistic55.A.schoolB.studyC.graduationD.educationSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ABeingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Whereasterrestrialanimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,flyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeeds,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,.二久點(diǎn)'andtheirwingsincorporate（結(jié)合）boththeirfrontandhindlimbs（后 簪會(huì)上肢）.Thismakestheirlimbsworkingtogethermoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However, IS*免^—/璃="abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit, 二" somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland—upsidedown!Unlikebirds,whichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Howdotheydoit?Agroupofresearchersrecentlyusedvideocamerastofilmbatslandingonnetssuspendedfromtheceilingoftheirlaboratoryandstudiedtherecordingsinslowmotion.Theypaintedspotsonthebats,wingstoseeindetailwhathappenstothewingsinflightandduringtouchdown.Itturnsoutthatthebatsflewinastraightlineuptothenetandthenquicklyflippedoverandattachedthemselvestoitupsidedown.Onedisadvantagetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenslamintotheirlandingspotwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlyrestsonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.Inline1,thewordterrestrialisclosestinmeaningto.A.high-flying B.fast-movingC.tree-climbingD.ground-livingAccordingtothepassage,whatskilliscrucialforflyinganimals?A.Divingunderwater. B.Slowingdowntoland.C.Flyingovergreatdistances. D.Balancingonhighbranches.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanadvantagethatbatshaveoverbirds?Batscanlandonagreatervarietyofsurfaces.Batscanturnintheairmorequickly.Batscaneatwhileflying.Batsarelighter.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.MiltonHersheywasbornnearthesmallvillageofDerryChurch,Pennsylvania,in1857.Heonlyattendedschoolthroughthefourthgrade;atthatpoint,hewasapprenticed（做學(xué)徒）toaprinterinanearbytown.Afterawhile,helefttheprintingbusinessandwasapprenticedtoaLancaster,Pennsylvaniacandymaker.Andattheageofeighteen,heopenedhisowncandystoreinPhiladelphia.Inspiteofhistalentsasacandymaker,theshopfailedaftersixyears.AfterthefailureofhisPhiladelphiastore,MiltonheadedforDenver,wherehelearnedtheartofmakingcaramels（焦糖）.TheninDenver,Miltononceagainattemptedtoopenhisowncandy-makingbusinesses,inChicago,NewOrleans,andNewYorkCity.Finally,in1886,hewenttoLancaster,Pennsylvania,whereheraisedthemoneynecessarytotryagain.Thiscompany-theLancasterCaramelCompany-establishedMilton,sreputationasamastercandymaker.In1893,MiltonattendedtheChicagoInternationalExposition,wherehesawadisplayofGermanchocolate-makingimplements.Fascinatedbytheequipment,hepurchaseditforhisLancastercandyfactoryandbeganproducingchocolate,whichheusedforcoatinghiscaramels.Bythenextyear,productionhadgrowntoincludecocoa,sweetchocolate,andbakingchocolate.TheHersheyChocolatecompanywasbornin1894asasubsidiary（子公司）oftheLancasterCaramelCompany.Sixyearslater,Miltonsoldthecaramelcompany,butreservedtherights,andtheequipment,tomakechocolate.Hebelievedthatalargemarketofchocolateconsumerswaswaitingforsomeonetoproducereasonablypricedcandy.Hewasright.MiltonHersheyreturnedtothevillagewherehehadbeenborn,intheheartofdairycountry,andopenedhischocolatemanufacturingplant.Withaccesstoallthefreshmilkheneeded,hebeganproducingthefinestmilkchocolate.TheplantthatopenedinasmallPennsylvaniavillagein1905istodaythelargestchocolatefactoryintheworld.Thesweetscreatedatthisfacilityarefavoritesaroundtheworld.TheareawherethefactoryislocatedisnowknownasHershey,Pennsylvania.Withinthefirstdecadesofitsexistence,thetownofHersheythrived,asdidthechocolatebusiness.Abank,aschool,churches,adepartmentstore,evenaparkandatrolleysystemallappearedinshortorder;thetownsoonevenhadazoo.Today,avisittothearearevealstheHersheyMedicalCenter,MiltonHersheySchool,andHershey,sChocolateWorld-athemeparkwherevisitorsaregreetedbyagiantReesesPeanutButterCup.Allofthesethings-andahugenumberofhappychocolatelovers—weremadepossiblebecauseacaramelmakervisitedtheChicagoExpositionof1893!Thementionofthe1893ExpositionindicatesthattheexpositioninChicagoisheldonceeverythreeyears.thethemeoftheexpositionof1893was“FoodfromAroundtheWorld.”theexpositioncontaineddisplaysfromavarietyofcountries.thesiteoftheexpositionisnowabranchoftheHersheyChocolateCompany.Accordingtothepassage,MiltonHersheysoldhiscaramelcompanyinA.1894. B.1900.C.1904. D.1905.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?Chocolateispopularineverycountryintheworld.ReesesPeanutButterCupsaremanufacturedbytheHersheyChocolateCompany.ChocolatehadneverbeenmanufacturedintheUnitedStatesbeforeMiltonHersheydidit.TheHersheyChocolateCompanynowmakesmoremoneyfromHershey,sChocolateWorldthanfromthemanufactureandsaleofchocolate.TheauthorwrotethispassagemainlytorecountthefoundingoftheHersheyChocolateCompany.describetheprocessofmanufacturingparethepopularityofchocolatetoothercandies.explainhowapprenticeshipswork.Liketheirancienttoga-wearingcounterparts,modernphilosopherscontinuetodisagreeonthenatureoffreewill.Dowereallyhaveanycontroloverthechoiceswemakeandthethingswedesire,andifso,towhatdegree?Theoriesoffreewillvary,buttheancientwordsofPlatostilllineupwithourmodernperceptions（概念）oftemptationandwillpower.TherespectedGreekphilosopherarguedthatthehumanexperienceisoneofconstantstrugglebetweentheintellectandthebody,betweenrationalityanddesire.Alongtheselines,truefreedomisonlyachievablewhenwillpowerunchainsusfrombodily,emotional,instinctualslavery.Youcanfindsimilarthoughtsthroughoutworldreligions,mostofwhichofferaparticularandoftendifficultpathtoriseaboveourdarkernatures.Andscience?Well,sciencemostlyagreeswithallofthis.Willpowerisallaboutovercomingyournaturaldesirestoeatcupcakes,skipyourmorningworkout,playgamesonmobilephone,hitthesnoozealarmandcheckyoure-mailduringafuneral.Yourwillpower,however,islimited.Iflifewereavideogame,you'dseeaglowing"willpower"or"ego"（自我）meteratthetopofthescreennexttoyour"life"meter.Successfullyresistonetemptation,andthemeterdrainsalittle.Thenexttemptationdrainsthe"willpower"meterevenmore,untilthere'snothingleftatall.Ourmodernscientificunderstandingofwillpowerinlargepartstemsfroma1996researchexperimentinvolvingchocolateandradishes（小紅蘿卜）.PsychologistRoyBaumeisterledastudyinwhich67testsubjectswerepresentedwithtemptingchocolatechipcookiesandotherchocolate-flavoredtreatsbeforeapersistence-testingpuzzle.Here'sthecatch:Theresearchersaskedsomeoftheparticipantstowithdrawfromsweetsandsnackonradishesinstead.Baumeister'sresultstoldafascinatingstory.Thetestsubjectswhoresistedthesweetstuffinfavorofradishesperformedpoorlyonthepersistencetest.Theysimplydidn'thavethewillpowerlefttoresistslackingoff（松懈）.Theresearchinspiredmorethanathousandadditionalstudiesdiscussingeverythingfromtheinfluenceofpositivemessagestotheego-sappingpowerofdailydecisionsStudiesalsoshowthatcognitivecapacityalsoaffectsourabilitytoholdoutagainsttemptation.Cognitivecapacityisessentiallyyourworkingmemory,whichyouemploywhenresistingatemptation...orholdingastringofnumbersinyourhead.A1999studyfromtheUniversityofIowaprofessorBabaShivfoundthatpeopletaskedwithrememberingatwo-digitnumberheldoutbetterthanpeoplerememberingaseven-digitnumberwhentemptedwithchocolatecake.Whatdoyouunderstandby‘freewill’?Thecontrolwehaveoverthechoices.ThechoiceswemakeandthethingswedesireThechoicesthatphilosophersforceustomakeOurperceptionoftemptation.AccordingtoPlato,whenistruefreedomavailable?WhenthereisastrugglebetweentheintellectandthebodyWhenourwillpowerhelpsustoovercomeourbasicinstinctsWhenwedesirethatwhichwecannotachieveWhenwehavenocontroloverourego66.Whatismeantby‘cognitivecapacity,?Willpowertorealizeone,sownego. B.OurabilitytoovercometemptationC.Ourabilitytorememberthings. D.ThedesiretogiveintotemptationSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Onereasonthatit'surgentisthatcountriesaresendingmoreandmoreobjectsintospace.Therearealsomillionsofsmallerpiecesofjunkthatwecan,tsee.Blowingupoldersatelliteswithamissilemaycreatethousandsofsmallerpieces!Intheupperpartsoftheatmosphere,itwillburnup.Whentwoobjectsinspacecollide,thetwoobjectsbreakintomanysmallerpieces.Yearsofspaceexplorationhavelefttonsof“spacejunk”in0rbitaroundtheplanet.ManypeopleknowthattrashisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon,tknowisthattrashhasbecomeaprobleminouterspacetoo.(67)Statistically,therearemorethan22,000piecesofjunkinspacearoundtheearth.Andthesearejusttheitemsthatwecanseefromthesurfaceoftheearthbytelescopesorradars.(68)Objects,likebitsofoldspacerocketsorsatellites,movearoundtheplanetatveryhighspeeds,sofastthatevenaverysmallpiececanbreakimportantsatellitesorbecomedangeroustopeople,particularlyastronauts.Ifthetiniestpieceofjunkcrashedintoaspacecraft,itcoulddamagethevehicle.That,sbecausethefasteranobjectmoves,thegreatertheimpactiftheobjectcollideswithsomethingelse.Tohelpminimizeadditionalspacejunk,countriesaroundtheworldhaveagreedtolimitthetimetheirspacetoolsstayinorbitto25years.Eachtoolmustbebuilttofallsafelyintotheearth,satmosphere,orthemassofgasesthatsurroundtheearth,afterthat.(69) Manyscientistsarealsoproposingdifferentwaystocleanupspacejunk.TheGermanshavebeenplanningaspacemissionwithrobotsthatwouldcollectpiecesofspacetrashandbringthembacktoEarthsothattheycanbesafelydestroyed."Inouropiniontheproblemisverychallenging,andit'squiteurgentaswell,"saidMarcoCastronuovo,anItalianSpaceAgencyresearcherwhoisworkingtosolvetheproblem.(70)Manyoftheseobjectsaretoolsthathelppeopleusetheircellphonesorcomputers."Thetimetoactisnow;aswegofartherintimewewillneedtoremovemoreandmorefragments,"hesays.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Shouldsomebooksbebannedfromschoollibraries?ArethereHarryPotterbooksinyourschoollibrary?ManykidsallovertheworldarereadingJ.K.Rowling'sbooksinschool.Butsomeparentsthinktheirchildrenshouldn'tbeabletofindthoseandotherbooksinschoollibraries.Shouldschoollibrarieskeepbooksthatsomeparentsdon'tapproveof?Shouldtheytakethosebooksofftheshelves?Alloverthe