貨押業(yè)務(wù)的擔(dān)保融資模式法律問題研究,法學(xué)碩士論文

貨押業(yè)務(wù)的擔(dān)保融資模式法律問題研究,法學(xué)碩士論文本篇論文目錄導(dǎo)航：【第1部分】貨押業(yè)務(wù)的擔(dān)保融資形式法律問題研究【第2部分】【第3部分】【第4部分】【第5部分】【第6部分】【第7部分】碩士論文內(nèi)容摘要上海地區(qū)鋼貿(mào)行業(yè)于上世紀(jì)80年代末初具規(guī)模，當(dāng)前上海已是全國鋼材交易量最大的地區(qū)之一，2020年上海鋼鐵貿(mào)易行業(yè)對(duì)上海地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值奉獻(xiàn)超過3%.鋼貿(mào)企業(yè)通過定量采購及控制合理庫存量，可較好緩釋鋼材市場價(jià)格頻繁變動(dòng)給上游鋼廠和下游用戶所帶來的部分市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)，通過鋼貿(mào)企業(yè)的資源再分配，能夠確保下游用戶的鋼材原料供應(yīng)保持穩(wěn)定。自1999年以來，上海地區(qū)商業(yè)銀行先后開展鋼貿(mào)授信業(yè)務(wù)，并陸續(xù)推出一系列針對(duì)該行業(yè)的融資擔(dān)保方式，諸如互保、聯(lián)保、貨押、鋼貿(mào)公司或商會(huì)自辦的擔(dān)保公司擔(dān)保等，高峰時(shí)，上海銀行業(yè)針對(duì)鋼貿(mào)行業(yè)發(fā)放的授信金額超過1500億元。但近年來鋼貿(mào)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)的一些不規(guī)范現(xiàn)象和信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也對(duì)這個(gè)行業(yè)的正常發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了較大沖擊，據(jù)上海銀監(jiān)頒布數(shù)據(jù)，截止2020年7月末，上海地區(qū)鋼貿(mào)授信余額約1200億元，不良貸款到達(dá)188億元，不良率高達(dá)15.67%,而本金逾期率更是高達(dá)50%,且不良及逾期情況呈逐月遞增趨勢(shì)。本文將主要針對(duì)俗稱貨押業(yè)務(wù)〔即鋼材動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押〕的擔(dān)保融資形式進(jìn)行研究，闡述動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押融資形式的業(yè)務(wù)形式、操作流程，分析該形式的弊端及當(dāng)前的業(yè)務(wù)瓶頸現(xiàn)在狀況，并通過研究動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押的特征及重點(diǎn)，從動(dòng)產(chǎn)的交付與占有切入，逐一與銀行采用的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押進(jìn)行分析比對(duì)，得出銀行采用的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押并不完全符合法律意義的動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押。緊接著，本文通過研究動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押的特征并與銀行的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押形式比對(duì)，得出動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押本質(zhì)是銀行參照動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押和動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押而自行創(chuàng)設(shè)的一種擔(dān)保融資形式，并進(jìn)而對(duì)其潛在的法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行歸納?？紤]到企業(yè)正常經(jīng)營周轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)原材料、存貨等動(dòng)產(chǎn)的流動(dòng)性需求，因而本文雖揭示了動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押的本質(zhì)及法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但并未對(duì)此全盤否認(rèn)，而是參考大陸法系國家和英美法系國家的動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押制度〔因遍尋國外法律，也未發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押的相關(guān)法律條文可做參考〕，并以此作為借鑒，對(duì)我們國家商業(yè)銀行將來開展動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保融資業(yè)務(wù)形式提出建議。方案一是仍采用動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押擔(dān)保融資形式，但針對(duì)當(dāng)前已產(chǎn)生的法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行形式的完善：第一是倉庫需排他性地與銀行合作，即一家倉庫僅與一家銀行合作，且存放于該倉庫內(nèi)的動(dòng)產(chǎn)僅能質(zhì)押于該合作銀行，通過此方式以避免重復(fù)質(zhì)押；第二是銀行加強(qiáng)對(duì)購銷合同、發(fā)票、付款憑證的審核以避免所有權(quán)保存風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；再者就是在銀監(jiān)會(huì)或者銀行同業(yè)公會(huì)的牽頭組織下建立動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押的信息平臺(tái)，確保銀行業(yè)間的信息透明，避免重復(fù)質(zhì)押等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。方案二是考慮動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押擔(dān)保融資方式，并針對(duì)動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)分析該形式在國內(nèi)開展的可行性，最后得出在經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境上行期間，且行業(yè)發(fā)展良好的大環(huán)境下可嘗試動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押融資形式，但銀行仍需加強(qiáng)貸后監(jiān)管，定期對(duì)動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行盤點(diǎn)，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。及相關(guān)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)出臺(tái)各種政策支持中小微企業(yè)發(fā)展，但中小微企業(yè)缺乏不動(dòng)產(chǎn)及固定資產(chǎn)抵押，難以從銀行融資，但相應(yīng)地，中小微企業(yè)擁有一定數(shù)量的動(dòng)產(chǎn)，如能切實(shí)落實(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防備，通過動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保從銀行獲得融資將有利于中小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展，因而，本文希望通過研究動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押擔(dān)保融資形式為主，引出動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保融資形式的將來發(fā)展可行性建議，使得銀行及中小企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏。[本文關(guān)鍵詞語]動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押動(dòng)產(chǎn)浮動(dòng)抵押SummaryofThesisThesteel-tradingindustryinshanghaiwasdevelopedveryfastin1980s,tillnowShanghaihasbecomeoneofcitiesoflargeststeeltradingvolumeinchina.In2020Shanghaisteel-tradingindustrycontributedover3%ofthetotalShanghai.Steel-tradingenterpriseswellkeptpartofthemarketriskcausedbyfrequentfluctuationinpricesundercontrolthroughquantitativepurchaseandreasonablequantityofstocks.Meanwhile,thesteel-tradingenterprisesareabletokeepsupplyofrawsteeltothedownstreamusersstablethroughresourcereallocation.Since1999,CommercialBanksinShanghaihasbeguntogivecredittocompaniesinsteel-tradingindustry,andhaslaunchedaseriesofsteel-tradingsystematizedfinancingguaranteesaswell,suchasmutualguarantee,jointmortgage,commoditypledge,guaranteebythethirdparty,etc.Thecreditamountgiventosteel-tradingenterprisesbythecommercialbanksinShanghaiwasmorethanRMB150billionatpeak.Butinrecentyears,thesteel-tradingindustryisfacingagreatimpactduetonon-standardphenomenaandcreditrisk.AccordingtotheChinaBankingRegulatoryCommission,asoftheendofJuly2020,loanbalanceforsteel-tradingindustryapproximatelyreached120billion,non-performingloansreached18.8billion,NPLrateupto15.67%,andtheprincipaloverduerateevenreaches50%,andNPLandoverdueloansareincreasingmonthbymonth.Thisarticlefocusesontheresearchforthesecuredfinancingmodelwhichcommonlyknownasgoodschargebusiness〔i.e.steeldynamicchattelmortgage〕tostudyitsbusinessmodelandoperationalprocesses.Bystudyingthedrawbacksofthemodelandthebottleneckofthecurrentbusinesssituationandbyanalyzingthecharacteristicsandmainpointsofchattelmortgage,andresearchingthedeliveryofmovablepropertyandpossession,thencomparethecommonpointsanddifferentpointsbetweenthedynamicchattelmortgageandchattelmortgage,andmakeaconclusionthatdynamicchattelmortgageisnotchattelmortgageinlegalaspect.Andthen,thisarticlecomparesthemodelandcharacteristicsbetweenfloatingchargesanddynamicchattelmortgage,resultsthatdynamicchattelmortgageisessentiallyanewsecuredmethodwhichcreatedbyshanghaibanksbyreferencingfloatingcharges,thusitspotentiallegalrisksareexist.Takingintotherequirementsofliquidityabouttherawmaterials,inventoryandothermovablepropertyintheoperationsofenterprises,thisarticledidntoverthrowdynamicchattelmortgagemodel,butwithreferencetothefloatingchargessystemincivillawcountriesandcommonlawcountries〔duetosearchingoutforeignlaws,alsofoundnodynamicchattelmortgageontherelevantlegalprovisionsdoreference〕,andthenadvisesthatChinascommercialbankscandevelopchattelmortgagefinancinginthefutureasfollowing:Oneproposalisstillusingdynamicchattelmortgagesecuredfinancingmodel,buttoavoidthelegalrisks,atfirstthewarehousetobeexclusivelycooperatingwiththebanksinordertoavoidduplicationofpledge;secondlyistostrengthentheexaminationandverificationtotheproofofgoodsrightsinordertoavoidtheriskofretentionoftitle;Furthermoreisestablishingtheinformationplatformofchattelmortgagetoensuretransparencyofinformationbetweenthebanksandavoidtherisksofduplicationofpledge.Thesecondproposalistoconsiderdevelopingfloatingchargesfinancingmodels,andanalyzingthestrengthsandweaknessesofthemodelinChinatocarryouttheconclusionthatthefloatingchargesmodelscanbeagoodtrywheneconomicenvironmentintheupstream,butthebanksstillneedtostrengthenpost-loansupervision,conductregularinventoryofmovablepropertiestofindoutandavoidrisksintime.GovernmentandtherelevantregulatoryauthoritiesintroducedvariouspoliciestosupportthedevelopmentofSMEs,butSMEslackrealestatesandfixedassets,whichmakesthemtoodifficulttofinancefrombanks.Nevertheless,theyhaveacertainamountofmovableproperty.Ifriskscanbecontrolledeffectively,itisfavorableforthedevelopmentofSMEsbyobtainingfinancingfromthebanksthroughchattelguarantees.Thepaperaimstoresearchchattelmortgagesecuredfinancingmodeinordertogivefeasiblesuggestionforitsfuturedevelopment,andmakebanksandSMEstoachieveawin-win.[Keywords]DynamicchattelmortgageChattelmortgageFloatingcharges目錄引言1一、選題背景1二、研究的動(dòng)機(jī)和意義1三、研究目的2四、希望解決的問題2五、研究范圍和限定2六、研究方式方法3第一章商業(yè)銀行動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押融資業(yè)務(wù)形式及弊端3第一節(jié)商業(yè)銀行動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押融資