人教版高中英語必修一Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero語言點(diǎn)

Unit5NelsonMandela一amodernhero語言點(diǎn)編稿：陳玉蓮審稿：目標(biāo)認(rèn)知重點(diǎn)詞匯quality,offer,mean,devote,attack,equal,vote,escape,reward,重點(diǎn)短語outofwork,stop...fromdoing...,setup,introuble,turnto重點(diǎn)句型Thefirst/next/last...todo....第做地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語的句型point,stage,situation,case,scene等詞作先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句way做先行詞引導(dǎo)從句only引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)詞匯quality【原句回放】Andwhatqualitiesdoesagreatpersonhave?偉人有什么品質(zhì)？【點(diǎn)撥】qualityn.質(zhì)量（不可數(shù)）；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)，特征（可數(shù)名詞）beofgood/badquality有好/壞的品質(zhì)beofhigh/poorquality優(yōu)/劣質(zhì)qualityeducation素質(zhì)教育extrafinequality特等質(zhì)量first-ratequality一等品質(zhì)Hehasawatchofgoodquality.他有塊質(zhì)量好的手表。Onequalityofwoodisthatitcanburn.木材的一個(gè)特性是可以燃燒?！就卣埂縬uantityn.數(shù)量qualifyv.使具有資格qualitygoods精品It'cheapertobuygoodsinlargequantities.購物的量大就便宜一些?！靖咔逭nUnit5詞語精講詞匯精講】offer【原句回放】Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.他為那些窮苦黑人提供法律指導(dǎo)。【點(diǎn)撥】offervt.vi.主動(dòng)提供；主動(dòng)提出；出價(jià)；表示愿意offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.給提供Thecompanyofferedhimaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.Thecompanyofferedajobtohim,butheturneditdown.這家公司給他提供了一份很好的工作，但是他拒絕了。offern.提議，提供；供應(yīng)；報(bào)價(jià)offerofhelp/support/friendshipetc提供幫助/支持/友誼等Thankyouforyourofferofhelp.謝謝你提供幫助。accept/takeupanoffer接受出價(jià)/幫助Sheacceptedtheirofferofrent-freeaccommodation.她接受了他們主動(dòng)提供的免費(fèi)住處。turndown/refuse/declineanoffer拒絕（幫助、出價(jià)等）Ican'tturndowntheofferofafreetriptoMilan!我不能拒絕去米蘭的免費(fèi)旅游。TheymadeanofferwhichIcouldn'trefuse.他們提供了一個(gè)我不能拒絕的（幫助、出價(jià)等）。Bakedbeansareonofferthisweekatthelocalsupermarket甜豆這周將在當(dāng)?shù)爻惺圪u。offertodosth.答應(yīng)做Ourschool'soffertohelpthekidswhosufferedfromBrittleBonewasamovingact.我們學(xué)校答應(yīng)幫助那些患骨質(zhì)疏松癥的孩子們，這是令人感動(dòng)的舉動(dòng)。mean【原句回放】【點(diǎn)撥】meanadj.吝嗇的，自私的；卑鄙的bemeanwithsth.在某方面吝嗇Heisverymeanwithhismoney.他在金錢方面很吝嗇。Thatisameantrick.那是卑鄙手段。v.意欲，打算；意味著meantodosth打算做某事Imeantogotomorrow.我打算明天走。meandoingsth意味著做某事Beingastudentmeansstudyinghard.作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，（意味著）你要努力學(xué)習(xí)。bemeantfor注定要成為Iwasnevermeantforthearmy.我根本就不是當(dāng)兵的材料。devote【原句回放】Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.偉人就是全身心地幫助他人的人?！军c(diǎn)撥】vt.（與to連用）獻(xiàn)身；專心于devoteoneself/sthtosb./sth（to為介詞）為sb./sth付出（時(shí)間/精力等），奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)身于Hedevotedhimselftoeducation.他獻(xiàn)身于教育。Shehasdevotedallhertimetolookingafterherchildren.她把全部時(shí)間都用于照看孩子。sb.bedevotedto專心致志于；忠于；很喜歡Idon'tthinkweshoulddevoteanymoretimetothisquestion.我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該在這個(gè)問題上再花費(fèi)時(shí)間。devotedadj.（~tosb./sth）熱愛的，非常忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的adevotedfriend一位忠實(shí)的朋友Sheisdevotedtoherchildren.她深愛她的孩子。Obamaiscompletelydevotedtohisfamily.奧巴馬十分熱愛自己的家庭?！就卣埂縟evotionn.奉獻(xiàn)，摯愛attack【原句回放】Wechosetoattackthelaw.我們選擇與法律對(duì)抗?！军c(diǎn)撥】attackvt.進(jìn)攻，攻擊，抨擊；（疾病）侵襲；侵害n.攻擊，進(jìn)攻；病情發(fā)作（可數(shù)名詞）Thediseaseattackedhiscentralnervoussystem.疾病破壞了他的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。makeanattackon/against...=attack...攻擊underattack遭到攻擊airattack空襲aheartattack心臟病突發(fā)Thepatrolcameunderattackfromallsides.巡邏隊(duì)遭到來自四面八方的攻擊。Oneofmyfriendshadaheartattackfromtoomuchstress.我的一個(gè)朋友因?yàn)閴毫μ蠡剂诵呐K病。equal【原句回放】ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我很樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑肋@有助于達(dá)到我們的夢(mèng)想一一使黑人和白人平等?！军c(diǎn)撥】equaladj.(大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值、程度、狀況等)相同/等的，同樣的Theyareofequalheight.他們一樣高。Aremenequaltowomeninphysicalstrength？在體力上男人和女人相同嗎？equalto(doing)sth.有能力的，能勝任的AequalsBin...A在方面比得上Bbeequalto+n./doingsth.等于；與相等；有的能力；(勇氣、力量等)；勝任Hedoesn'tseemequaltomeetingourd他似乎.不太合乎我們的要求。onequalterms(withsb.)平等相處，地位相等equaln.和相當(dāng)?shù)娜?事物Heismyequalinstrength.他和我力氣一樣大。Sheistheequalofherbrotherasfarasintelligenceisconcerned.論智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。equalvt.equalsb./sth.(insth.)(在某方面)與相同/等Heisequaledbynooneinkindness.沒有人比他更善良?！就卣埂縠qualityn.平等Theyarefightingfortheequalityofwomen.她們?cè)跒闋?zhēng)取男女平等而奮斗。vote【原句回放】Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.黑人不能選舉或者選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人?！军c(diǎn)撥】votevt.vi.投票，選舉；n投票；選票；表決Hewasvotedthemostpromisingnewdirector.他當(dāng)選為最有前途的新導(dǎo)演。Theplanwaspassedby6votesto3.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃以6票對(duì)3票獲得通過。voteon...投票表決vote...down投票擊敗，投票否決votethrough投票通過votefor表示“投票贊同”,voteagainst表示“投票反對(duì)”;類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有“befor/against;fightfbr/against"。Didyouvotefororagainsther？你投了她的贊成票還是反對(duì)票？escape【原句回放】Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄?！军c(diǎn)撥】escapevi.逃跑，逃脫；逃避（常與from連用）escapefromsth./sb.從中逃脫/走；泄露Alionhasescapedfromitscage.有一頭獅子從籠中逃走了。Shelongedtoescapefromhermother'sdomination.她渴望擺脫母親的操縱。Makeaholetoletthewaterescape.弄個(gè)洞讓水排出。escapevt.避開，避免escape（doing）sth.逃避（做）某事escapepunishment/beingpunished避免懲罰/受罰Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他險(xiǎn)些喪命。sth.escapesb.被忘記，未被注意Hisnameescapesmeforthemoment.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字來。Howcanweescapeobservation/beingobserved？我們?cè)鯓硬挪粫?huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)？escapen.逃走，逃脫；逃脫的手段anarrow/nearescape死里逃生ireescape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口reward【原句回放】….weremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheblacks.是我為爭(zhēng)取黑人的權(quán)利而工作了一生的酬勞。是我為爭(zhēng)取黑人的權(quán)利而工作了一生的酬勞。【點(diǎn)撥】rewardn.(c,u)報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)Hegotarewardforhelpingthem.他因幫助他們而得到了報(bào)酬。Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表現(xiàn)勇敢而獲得了一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。acashreward現(xiàn)金回報(bào)inrewardfor=inreturnfor作為對(duì)的回扌艮Idon'texpectanythinginreward；IdiditbecauseIenjoyedit.我不指望得到什么報(bào)答，我做這件事只是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g干。rewardvt.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)/賞rewardsb.withsth,用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)Sherewardedhimwithasmile.她向他報(bào)之一笑。Hispersistencewasrewardedwhenthecarfinallystarted.他那些力氣沒有白費(fèi)，汽車終于啟動(dòng)了。Anyoneprovidinginformationwhichleadstotherecoveryofthepaintingwillberewarded.凡提供線索有助于尋回該畫者可獲報(bào)酬?！就卣埂縭ewardingad?.值得做的，有益的arewardingexperience/job有益的經(jīng)歷/工作重點(diǎn)短語outofwork【原句回放】…,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.我擔(dān)憂我是否會(huì)失業(yè)?！军c(diǎn)撥】outofwork=outofajob失業(yè)He'sbeenoutofworkforsixmonths.他已經(jīng)失業(yè)六個(gè)月了。Hundredswerethrownoutofwork.數(shù)以百計(jì)的人失去了工作。outofbalance失去平衡outofbalance失去平衡outofdate/fashion過時(shí)outofsight看不見outoforder出故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofreach夠不著outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)outofbusiness破產(chǎn)；歇業(yè)outofrepair失修outofdate過時(shí)outofquestion毫無疑問outofthequestion不可能的outofpatience失去耐心outoftemper發(fā)脾氣outofmind心不在焉Outofsight,outofmind.［諺］眼不見，心不念。（離久情疏。）Itisoutofquestionthathewillbeadmittedintokeyuniversities.他能考上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)是不成問題的。stop...fromdoing...【原句回放】Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.他說他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪為學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利?！军c(diǎn)撥】stop...fromdoing...阻止做Theheavysnowstoppedhimfromcomingtoourparty.大雪使他未能前來參加我們的宴會(huì)。類似的表達(dá)還有：keep/prevent/discouragesb./sth.fromdoingsth.阻止做某事Hepreventedthevillagersfromcuttingtrees.他阻止村民砍樹。Nothingcankeepmefromdoingthat.沒有什么能夠阻止我做那件事。setup【原句回放】...setuplawofficetohelppoorblackpeopleinJohannesburg.建立法律事務(wù)所以幫助約翰內(nèi)斯堡的貧窮的黑人?！军c(diǎn)撥】setup建立，設(shè)立（機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等）；擺放，豎起Plentyofforeignfirmshavesetupfactorieshere.很多外國(guó)公司已在這里開辦工廠?！就卣埂縫utup意為“修起，搭起；舉起”但不能表示組織機(jī)構(gòu)的建立。相關(guān)短語如下：setabout（doing）sth.開始某工作，著手做某事setaside把……放一邊；節(jié)省/保留（錢/時(shí)間）；不理會(huì)/不顧setdown讓下車；寫下，記下setoff動(dòng)身，啟程；使爆炸setout動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；安排/擺放；陳述/宣布setouttodosth開始做某事

introuble【原句回放】EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.當(dāng)伊萊亞斯處于困境中時(shí)，他去拜訪了曼德拉?！军c(diǎn)撥】troublen麻煩；困境introuble在危險(xiǎn)，受罰，痛苦，憂慮等的處境中Youarenottheonlyoneintrouble.你不是唯一不幸的人。【拓展】相關(guān)短語有：maketrouble制造麻煩getintotrouble惹上麻煩askfortrouble自找麻煩havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.takethetroubletodosth.不怕費(fèi)事/困難盡力做某事havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.在……方面有困難indanger在危險(xiǎn)中incontrolindanger在危險(xiǎn)中incontrol被控制inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕ncase以防，萬一inturn依次，逐個(gè)地insurprise吃驚地incharge處于控制/支配insilence沉默invain徒勞地intime及時(shí)，遲早inreturn作為的回報(bào)/付款indetail詳細(xì)地的地位turnto【原句回放】WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?為什么納爾遜?曼德拉改用暴力以求得黑人和白人的平等？【點(diǎn)撥】turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于，to是介詞。Heturnedtomeforhelp.他向我求助。Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助無門。Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon'tknowwhototurnto.似乎沒人懂這個(gè)，我不知道該向誰求助。Paulturnedtodrinkingalcoholtotrytoforgethisproblemsatwork.保羅借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的問題?！就卣埂縯urn相關(guān)短語有：turnaround/round轉(zhuǎn)身turndown調(diào)低；拒絕turnoff關(guān)掉turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)，露面；turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；培養(yǎng)，生產(chǎn)；熄滅turnsth.insideout把里面翻作外面Thejobturnedout(tobe)harderthanwethought.這份工作結(jié)果比我們想象的更難。Whydidsheturndownyourinvitation?她為什么拒絕你的邀請(qǐng)？重點(diǎn)句型Thefirst/next/last.??todo????第做【原句回放】HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.他是在1969年7月登上月球的第一人?！军c(diǎn)撥】句中toland?是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，修飾man。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next,last等時(shí)，經(jīng)常用不定式作后置定語。Believeitornot,Iwasthelasttoarriveatschoolthismorning.信不信由你，今天早上我是最后一個(gè)到學(xué)校的。Whatisthenextthingtodoaccordingtotheplan?根據(jù)計(jì)劃，下一步該做什么？【拓展】相似句型比較：It'sthefirsttimethat...這是某人第一次做，從句只能用完成時(shí)，根據(jù)it后面的is或者是was來選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者是過去完成時(shí)。It'sthefirsttimeIhavevisitedyourhometown.這是我第一次游覽你的家鄉(xiāng)。地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語的句型【原句回放】Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過去的30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段?！军c(diǎn)撥】結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，其中stoppingour…部分作定語，修飾前面的laws；時(shí)間狀語從句untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall，其中where弓丨導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的stage。動(dòng)詞see,find,witness等由地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語，以增添語言色彩，表示“經(jīng)歷，發(fā)生”Thisoldhousehasseenbetterdays.這座老房子曾有過風(fēng)光的日子。Thewaterfindsitsownlevel.水往低處流。Myhometownwitnessedgreatchanges.我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化?！靖咔逭nUnit5詞語精講句型分析】point,stage,situation,case,scene等詞作先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句【原句回放】…untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.……一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段?！军c(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)point,stage,situation,case,scene等詞作先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，若在定語從句中作狀語，應(yīng)由where引導(dǎo)定語從句。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?你能想出一個(gè)能使用這個(gè)單詞的場(chǎng)合嗎？Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.她的病發(fā)展到了一個(gè)沒人能治好的程度了。way做先行詞引導(dǎo)從句【原句回放】Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhich