2023年高考英語備考優(yōu)生百日闖關(guān)系列專題10閱讀理解-議論文類（含解析）

PAGE專題10 閱讀理解——議論文類方法與技巧題型介紹：議論文是英語中的重要文體，在每年的高考閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。相對于其它文體，議論文閱讀要難一些，因此要多加重視。 議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結(jié)論。命題形式：從近幾年觀的高考英語試題來看，議論文類閱讀理解的命題類型主要有：1.主旨題 考查考生對于議論文根本觀點的理解，是主旨題設(shè)題的目的。做這種類型的題目要弄清作者想說什么，即作者寫此文章的目的。2.推理判斷題 這種題型的特點是以事實為依據(jù)，但其結(jié)果有絕不是事實本身。它主要測試考生的邏輯思維能力，側(cè)重于推理。3.細節(jié)題 細節(jié)題也是議論文試題的主要題型。這種題要求考生理解文中的具體觀點和具體事實。三、議論文閱讀理解題解題技巧第一，抓論點、尋論據(jù) 閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把我了中心。第二，注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于對文章大意的理解。從論證方法上講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題〞的過程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea這就是“由論點到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強調(diào)論點〞的過程。第三，體會文章語言特點，把握作者寫作態(tài)度，準確進行推理判斷。 能否正確把握作者的觀點和態(tài)度是表達閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點態(tài)度時，我們應注意，有時候作者的觀點和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達出來的，需要我們認真體察。做推理判斷時，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實為依據(jù)進行合理的推理。解題技巧：解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：作者在開始表達一個現(xiàn)象，然后對現(xiàn)象進行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因——結(jié)果〔Cause&Effect〕型。還有一種比擬常見的是問題——答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個問題〔相當于一個現(xiàn)象〕，然后給出該問題的答案〔相當于解釋〕。針對文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。這里強調(diào)一點:答題時優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解的特征等其他角度對選項進行檢驗;如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，那么從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮;次之從解的特征方面考慮。考生往往最怕此類體裁。山窮水盡時，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案體驗高考1.【2022·全國新課標I】BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,〞saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant〞〞tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.〞 Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】25-28.ADCA【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。主要講述目前社會上很多老年人愿意搬到離子女近的地方居住的一種趨勢。同時作者也建議老人們要做出適合自己的選擇，不要僅僅為孩子考慮而犧牲了自己習慣了的生活方式?？键c：社會生活類短文閱讀【技巧點撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的開展變化等的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關(guān)鍵要注意說明作者觀點、立場的動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。28題中那么根據(jù)itiswisertosayno推斷出作者的立場。2.【2022·北京】DWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon〞newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思維方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces〞withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群體)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(規(guī)定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.Theunderlinedword“passage〞inParagraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.todevelopasharedidentityamongstudentsB.todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorC.ToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsD.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment]70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?【答案】67.B68.A69.D70.C68.A猜想詞義題。根據(jù)“fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility〞可知，從家庭的庇護到自主性和成年人的責任，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)變、變化，應選A。69.D推理判斷題。每個人的個性都是不同的，排除A；根據(jù)第四段“Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacing...〞可知，作者不贊成大學管理者約束學生的社會行為，排除B；大學不是一個無憂無慮的場所，排除C；大學應該是學習知識和促進學生成長的地方，應選D。70.C篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第四段“Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.〞中的“equallyimportant〞和第五段的“moreover〞可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要論點，應選C?？键c：教育類短文閱讀【名師點睛】

I.三類篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題的出題方式1.結(jié)構(gòu)識辨:此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生能夠識別文章、段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu)或行文方式。結(jié)構(gòu)識辨類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題常見的題干表述方式如下：Howisthetextorganized?Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.Thetextismainlydevelopedintheorderof________.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?2.組織結(jié)構(gòu)功能:此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生判斷文章或段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)的功能、作用，其常見的題干表述方式如下：Theauthorquoted…wordsin...paragraphinordertomakethearticle________.3.結(jié)構(gòu)推測:此類組織結(jié)構(gòu)題要求考生能夠根據(jù)文章或段落的組織結(jié)構(gòu)、行文方式或段落內(nèi)容推測文章前后未呈現(xiàn)的寫作內(nèi)容。其常見的題干表述方式如下：Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?學優(yōu)]Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkhasbeendiscussedinthepartbeforethisselection?II.解題策略考查組織結(jié)構(gòu)的文章通常行文組織結(jié)構(gòu)都比擬清晰、標準，因此，具備文體、寫作方式和文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)方面相關(guān)知識對于有效解答此類題目具有至關(guān)重要的作用。記敘文可以采取以時間為序、以地點為序、以故事情節(jié)開展為序〔開端、開展、高潮、結(jié)局〕等敘事方式進行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時間的先后順序表達，比方，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他,最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。議論文總體上可以分為四類：第一類，“提出論點——分論點一——分論點二——分論點三……——結(jié)論〞；第二類，“引入段——導出論點——分點論述——結(jié)論〞；第三類，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題〞；第四類，“提出反面觀點——批駁反面觀點——提出正面觀點〞。3)說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、比照或比擬等說明方式進行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實可信，或者更具說服力。3.【2022·四川】BIfyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.5.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.6.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A5.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.每天在我們的工作中，我們會收到一些人的鼓舞，他們在做一些改善世界的事情。應選C。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中wedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.。我們確實認為當你把你的一些時間和精力奉獻給別人時，你就能過上一個更強大的生活。Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.。自愿或者，如果你能的話，給一個事業(yè)奉獻一點錢。可知第五段的意思是：行動起來幫助別人。應選B。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已經(jīng)改變了我們是誰，在以后的這些年里最窮人的生活將會得到改善。應選A。【名師點睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文外表文字信息的根底上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文外表文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude

indicate等標志性詞語。這種題型主要包括細節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜想想象推斷題。比方第7小題A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.它已經(jīng)改變了我們是誰，在以后的這些年里最窮人的生活將會得到改善。應選A?？键c：考查日常生活類閱讀:4.17.【2022·浙江】A“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?〞LindseywhiperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,toribrags，“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.〞WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedmam,Icantellyouthatwhatthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHigtSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(閑話)。Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic-breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout-thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleofenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Thtanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(傳言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.〞Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(優(yōu)越感).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thingaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.41.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto.A.introduceatopicB.presentanargumentC.describethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose42.Animportantnegativeeffectsofgossipisthatit.A.breaksuprelationshipsB.embarrassesthelistenerC.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences43.Intheauther’sopinion,manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit.A.givesthemafeelingofpleasureB.helpthemtomakemorefriendsC.makesthembetterattellingstoriesD.enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople44.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinkthatgossipcan.A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.forceschooltoimpovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A.NeverbecomeagossiperB.StayawayfromgossipersC.Don’tletgossipturnintoliesD.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.43.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第五段的Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人們散播傳言是因為它會帶來滿足感，應選A。44.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他認為傳言能幫助人們觀察自身的行為，應選B。45.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段的Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory〞mighthave.可知，作者的建議是讓人們在傳言之前三思而后行。應選D?！痉椒c撥】這是一篇議論文，題目設(shè)置以細節(jié)理解題為主。學生可以帶著題目回到原文，能夠在短文中畫出解題依據(jù)是正確解題的關(guān)鍵，各位考生要謹記，在做閱讀理解時要做到“不見依據(jù)不做題〞。理由充分，依據(jù)鑿實，這是不僅“知其然〞，而且“知其所以然〞的超高境界，是閱讀水平提高的最大見證。那么如何能快速準確回到原文找到依據(jù)呢?1.關(guān)鍵詞定位法。這里說的關(guān)鍵詞并不一定是中心詞，而是在理解題干所問之后，在題干中能幫助你迅速回到原文的“特征詞〞。如43題的信息句是Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus,可知人們散播傳言是因為它會帶來滿足感，和選項A里面的afeelingofpleasure對應。還有44題，題干中的ProfessorDavidWilson可以定位到第六段的ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.可知，他認為傳言能幫助人們觀察自身的行為，所以答案是B。2.自然段定位法。即命題者往往按照信息點在文中出現(xiàn)的先后來依次命制各個小題，也就是說，各題的答案信息常常在短文中依次出現(xiàn)，排在后面的小題，文中對應的信息點也在后面。例如，第1題往往位于一、二自然段，第2題會在第1題的答案信息之后且與第一題的位置最接近，第3題會在第2題的答案信息之后，往往在文中較為中間的地方，而第4題那么位于文中較后的位置。最后一題(偶爾可能是第一題)一般是主旨題(包括給文章加標題、歸納寫作目的)，這時，可能涉及全文內(nèi)容。如41題，題目問文章的開頭的作用，自然定位到第一段的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合下文可以快速解答。模擬新題精選1.【河北省衡水中學2022屆高三上學期五調(diào)〔12月〕】CThesharingeconomy,representedbycompanieslikeAirbnborUber,isthelatestfashioncraze.Butmanysupportershaveoverlookedtherealitythatthisnewbusinessmodelislargelybasedonescapingregulationsandbreakingthelaw.AirbnbisanInternet-basedservicethatallowspeopletorentoutspareroomstostrangersforshortstays.UberisanInternettaxiservicethatallowsthousandsofpeopletoanswerriderequestswiththeirowncars.Therearehundredsofothersuchservices.

Thegoodthingaboutthesharingeconomyisthatitpromotestheuseofunderusedresources.Millionsofpeoplehavehousesorapartmentswithemptyrooms,andAirbnballowsthemtoprofitfromtheseroomswhileallowingguestsaplacetostayatpricesthatareoftenfarlessthanthosechargedbyhotels.Uberofferspricesthatarecompetitivewithstandardtaxipricesandtheirdriversareoftenmuchquickerandmoretrustworthy.

Butthedownsideofthesharingeconomyhasgottenmuchlessattention.Mostcitiesandstatesbothtaxandregulatehotels,andthetouristswhostayinhotelsareusuallyanimportantsourceoftaxincome.ButmanyofAirbnb’scustomersarenotpayingthetaxesrequiredunderthelaw.

Airbnbcanalsoraiseissuesofsafetyforitscustomersandtroubleforhosts’neighbors.Hotelsareregularlyinspectedtoensurethattheyarenotfiretrapsandthat

theydon’tformotherrisksforvisitors.Airbnbhostsfacenosuchinspections.

SinceAirbnbisallowingpeopletoescapetaxesandregulations,thecompanyissimplypromotingthefts.Othersintheeconomywilllosebybearinganadditionaltaxburdenorbeingforcedtolivenexttoanapartmentunitwithanever-endingseriesofnoisyvisitors.ThesamestorymayapplywithUber.Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.Also,ifUberandrelatedservicesfloodthemarket,theycouldharmalltaxidrivers’abilitytoearnaminimumwage.Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.28.Whatisthepositivethingaboutthesharingeconomy?

A.Itisaglobaltrend.

B.Itisbeyondregulations.

C.Itdrawsonspareresources.

D.Itbringsinmodestprofits.

29.WhatistheproblemwithAirbnbcustomersaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyarenotregularlyinspected.

B.Theyarelikelytocommitthefts.C.Theyareallowednottopaytaxes.D.Theycanbenoisytohosts’neighbours.

30.WhatistheargumentoverUberaccordingtothepassage？

A.Whetheritguaranteescustomers’safety.

B.Whetheritprovidesreliableservices.

C.Whetheritlowerscustomers’expenses.

D.Whetheritcancompetewithstandardtaxis.31.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Existingregulationsandlaws.B.Necessaryimprovementsofcurrentlaws.C.FurtherdevelopmentofAirbnbandUber.

D.MoredownsidesofAirbnbandUber.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B30.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Uberiscurrentlyindisputesoverwhetheritscarsmeetthesafetyandinsurancerequirementsimposedonstandardtaxis.可知對于優(yōu)步的爭議在于它的平安性，應選A。31.B下文推測題。根據(jù)Thisdownsideofthesharingneedstobetakenseriously,butthatdoesn’tmeanthecurrenttaxandregulatorystructureisperfect.可知文章最后在談論共享經(jīng)濟的缺陷在于當前法律法規(guī)的不完善，故下文會接著談這個問題，應選B?！久麕燑c睛】作者態(tài)度及寫作意圖推斷每一篇文章都會包含作者的某種觀點和態(tài)度，只不過有的直截了當，有的含而不露，有的通過所用詞語的褒貶來表達。此類題可細分為作者態(tài)度題(說明作者的好惡)和作者觀點題(說明作者對某事物的看法)。準確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度，需要注意以下幾點：1.作者對某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反對,帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。2.漠不關(guān)心類詞語往往不對,既然寫文章就不會不關(guān)心。]3.不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中,也要區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度。4.當作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時,要學會根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性來判斷。]5.作者的觀點一般與文章的主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。6.絕對化或語氣過于強烈的選項常常是錯誤的,如:strong,complete,entire等。2.【湖北省局部重點中學2022屆高三新考試大綱適應性考試】DFixedorgrowthmindset—whichdoyouhave?Weliveinanuncertainworldwithallthetechnologicaladvancesweareexperiencing，whichmeanseisarequirementforachangeinmidset(思維模式〕.Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.Afixedmindsetsupposesthatyouhavenativeabilitiesandarenaturallycleverorskilledincertainareasoflife.Whenyoureceiveinfonnationabouthowyouhaveperformedinatestorsetoftaskstyoumayworryabouthowyouarejudged.Ourparentsprobablysaidtouswhenwewereyoung,"Sinceyouscoredreallywellinthetest,youmustbeclever."However,bybeingrepeatedlytold“Youarcclever〞or“Youarereallyga*alalyourjob〞，aperson’sself-respectisactuallydainagcd.Thegrowlh-mindestpersonaviewlifeasaseriesofexcitingchallengesandwanttoconstantlylearn.Brainactivityoccursinthismindsetwhentheyreceiveinformationaboutwhattheycoulddobelterorimprove.Theydonotviewtheirabilitiesasfixedorusfailure.Learningiskingandthemoretheypractice,themoretheyknowtheywillsucceed.Whatisimportantisgivingpraisearoundprocessandnotaroundability.Forexample,insteadofsaying"Sinceyougotagreatscore,youmustbeclever"fsay"Yougotagreatscore,andyoumusthavetriedreallyhard".Thiscreateschallengeinindivicluatsand.Com]]Themeaningofmindsetsismassiveforbusiness.Fixed-mindsetmanagersarenotfansofgivingfeedback(反應〕.Theydonotwanttostretchthemselvesorothersbecausetheyfearfailure.Thereforetheirbusinessmaystandstillbecausethereisnoriskorinnovation(創(chuàng)新〕occurring.Listenfromyourownfixedmindset一forexample,"Ican'tdothat〞一andanswerwithagrowth-mindsetresponse一“Ican'tdothatyet!"Rememberthereisnosuchthingasfailureandthereissonlylearning.Ifyoudon'tfailoccasionally，youwillneverlearntochangeandgrow.32.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofpeople'smindsets?A.Agrowthmindstetmeansnofailure.B.Peopleneeddevelopafixedmindset.C.Afixedmindsetfocusesmoreonprocess.D.Peopleshoulddevelopagrowthmindest.33.Whichjudgmentseemsmoreencouraging?A. Youareclever. B. Youareskillful.C. Youhaveworkedhard. D. Youarcgreatatyourjob.]34.Whatdothegrowth-mindsetpersonsmostadvocate?A. Keepingonlearning. B. Viewingabilityas failure.C. Givingpraisearoundability. D. Learningfromthe fixedmindset.35.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.AlwaysstayinihesamemindsetB.Thinkandactindifferentmindsets.C.Wecan'tmissthechanceoffailure.D.Learningisthekeytosuccessfromfailure.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【學法指導】細節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進行整合、甄別、分析、比照，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準確率，節(jié)省了珍貴的時間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,since,as等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。32.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationally,weneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.人們應該培養(yǎng)生長的心態(tài)。應選D?？键c：考查議論文閱讀3.【河北省衡水中學2022屆高三上學期七調(diào)】AGlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellite-basedsystemsprovideturn-by-turndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.But,theycanalsocausealotofproblems,sendyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoucompletelylost.Manytimes,thedriveristoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,saysBarryBrown,anexpertinhuman-computerinteraction,itisacombinationofthetwo.WespoketoMrBrownbySkype(網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件).HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouseduringhisstay.BarryBrown:“Andtheyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.And,thenitwasn'tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyactuallyputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheylived.TheyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressiaSoagain,theGPSiskindof'garbageingarbageout'〞.MrBrownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.But,hesays,whatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortcomings,orfailures,ofGPSequipment.BarryBrown:“OneproblemwithalotoftheGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturn,sometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit'sgoingtothewrongplace.〞BarryBrownonceworkedonaprojectwithEricLaurierfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh.ThetwomenstudiedtheeffectsofGPSdevicesondrivingbyplacingcamerasinpeople'scars.Theywroteapaperbasedontheirresearch.Itiscalled“TheNormal,NaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS〞.ItlistsseveralareaswhereGPSsystemscancauseconfusionfordrivers.Theseincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.TheyalsoincludetimingissuesrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.BarryBrownsaystomakeGPSsystemsbetterweneedabetterunderstandingofhowdrivers,passengersandGPSsystemsworktogether.21.InParagraph2,MrBrownmentionedhisfriendintheconversationto.A.builduphisownreputation B.laughathisstupidfriendC.provetheGPSsystemisonlygarbage D.describeanexampleofhumanerror22.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBarryBrownmostlikelyagreewith?A.GPSunitsaretoblameformostGPSservicefailures.B.Weshouldintroducehigherstandardsforthedrivinglicense.C.CamerasareurgentlyneededtohelpimproveGPSsystems.D.Drivers,GPSsystemsandpassengersshouldunitetoimproveGPSsystems.23.WhatisMrBrown'sattitudetowardsGPS?A.Unconcerned.B.Prejudiced.C.Objective.D.Critical.24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DrivingwithGPScanbedifficultB.DrivingconfusionscanbecausedbysmallscreensC.DrivingwithoutGPSshouldbemuchmoreconvenientD.GPSequipmentindriving:tobedesertedorimproved?【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.A22.D推理判斷題。BarryBrown最可能同意一下哪個觀點？根據(jù)文章最后一段“TomakeGP