約翰遜演講稿：WeShallOvercome-演講稿

約翰遜演講稿：WeShallOvercome林登?貝恩斯?約翰遜(LyndonBainesJohnson)出生于得克薩斯州斯通威爾。1930年畢業(yè)于該州圣馬科斯西南師范學(xué)院，1935年畢業(yè)于喬治頓大學(xué)法律學(xué)院。1930年至1932年在休斯敦任教。1935年至1937年任全國(guó)青年總署得克薩斯州公署署長(zhǎng)。1937年國(guó)會(huì)補(bǔ)缺選舉中當(dāng)選為眾議員，并任眾議院海軍委員會(huì)委員。1941年至1942年在海軍服役。1948年當(dāng)選為參議員。1951年成為參議院民主黨副領(lǐng)袖。1953年起任參議院民主黨多數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖，兼任參議院軍事委員會(huì)、財(cái)政委員會(huì)、撥款委員會(huì)等要職。1959年至1960年任參議院航空和空間科學(xué)委員會(huì)首任主席。1956年?duì)幦∶裰鼽h總統(tǒng)候選人提名失敗。1960年與肯尼迪競(jìng)爭(zhēng)民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人提名失敗，接受肯尼迪提名他為副總統(tǒng)的建議。1961年至1963年任副總統(tǒng)。1963年11月22日肯尼迪總統(tǒng)遇刺身亡后繼任總統(tǒng)。1965年連任總統(tǒng)。1969年1月退休。1980年被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章。著有回憶錄《高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚》。1973年1月22日在得克薩斯的圣安東尼奧因心臟病去世。WeShallOvercomeMr.Speaker,Mr.President,MembersoftheCongress:Ispeaktonightforthedignityofmanandthedestinyofdemocracy.Iurgeeverymemberofbothparties,Americansofallreligionsandofallcolors,fromeverysectionofthis1/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)country,tojoinmeinthatcause.Attimeshistoryandfatemeetatasingletimeinasingleplacetoshapeaturningpointinman'sunendingsearchforfreedom.SoitwasatLexingtonandConcord.SoitwasacenturyagoatAppomattox.SoitwaslastweekinSelma,Alabama.There,long-sufferingmenandwomenpeacefullyprotestedthedenialoftheirrightsasAmericans.Manywerebrutallyassaulted.Onegoodman,amanofGod,waskilled.ThereisnocauseforprideinwhathashappenedinSelma.Thereisnocauseforself-satisfactioninthelongdenialofequalrightsofmillionsofAmericans.Butthereiscauseforhopeandforfaithinourdemocracyinwhatishappeningheretonight.Forthecriesofpainandthehymnsandprotestsofoppressedpeoplehavesummonedintoconvocationallthemajestyofthisgreatgovernment--thegovernmentofthegreatestnationonearth.Ourmissionisatoncetheoldestandthemostbasicofthiscountry:torightwrong,todojustice,toserveman.Inourtimewehavecometolivewiththemomentsofgreatcrisis.Ourliveshavebeenmarkedwithdebateaboutgreatissues——issuesofwarandpeace,issuesofprosperityand2/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)depression.ButrarelyinanytimedoesanissuelaybarethesecretheartofAmericaitself.Rarelyarewemetwithachallenge,nottoourgrowthorabundance,orourwelfareoroursecurity,butrathertothevalues,andthepurposes,andthemeaningofourbelovednation.TheissueofequalrightsforAmericanNegroesissuchanissue.Andshouldwedefeateveryenemy,andshouldwedoubleourwealthandconquerthestars,andstillbeunequaltothisissue,thenwewillhavefailedasapeopleandasanation.Forwithacountryaswithaperson,“Whatisamanprofited,ifheshallgainthewholeworld,andlosehisownsoul?”ThereisnoNegroproblem.ThereisnoSouthernproblem.ThereisnoNorthernproblem.ThereisonlyanAmericanproblem.AndwearemetheretonightasAmericans--notasDemocratsorRepublicans.WearemethereasAmericanstosolvethatproblem.Thiswasthefirstnationinthehistoryoftheworldtobefoundedwithapurpose.ThegreatphrasesofthatpurposestillsoundineveryAmericanheart,NorthandSouth:“Allmenarecreatedequal,”“governmentbyconsentofthegoverned,”3/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)“givemelibertyorgivemedeath.”Well,thosearenotjustcleverwords,orthosearenotjustemptytheories.IntheirnameAmericanshavefoughtanddiedfortwocenturies,andtonightaroundtheworldtheystandthereasguardiansofourliberty,riskingtheirlives.Thosewordsareapromisetoeverycitizenthatheshallshareinthedignityofman.Thisdignitycannotbefoundinaman'spossessions;itcannotbefoundinhispower,orinhisposition.Itreallyrestsonhisrighttobetreatedasamanequalinopportunitytoallothers.Itsaysthatheshallshareinfreedom,heshallchoosehisleaders,educatehischildren,provideforhisfamilyaccordingtohisabilityandhismeritsasahumanbeing.Toapplyanyothertest--todenyamanhishopesbecauseofhiscolor,orrace,orhisreligion,ortheplaceofhisbirthisnotonlytodoinjustice,itistodenyAmericaandtodishonorthedeadwhogavetheirlivesforAmericanfreedom.Ourfathersbelievedthatifthisnobleviewoftherightsofmanwastoflourish,itmustberootedindemocracy.Themostbasicrightofallwastherighttochooseyourownleaders.Thehistoryofthiscountry,inlargemeasure,isthehistory4/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)oftheexpansionofthatrighttoallofourpeople.Manyoftheissuesofcivilrightsareverycomplexandmostdifficult.Butaboutthistherecanandshouldbenoargument.EveryAmericancitizenmusthaveanequalrighttovote.Thereisnoreasonwhichcanexcusethedenialofthatright.Thereisnodutywhichweighsmoreheavilyonusthanthedutywehavetoensurethatright.YettheharshfactisthatinmanyplacesinthiscountrymenandwomenarekeptfromvotingsimplybecausetheyareNegroes.Everydeviceofwhichhumaningenuityiscapablehasbeenusedtodenythisright.TheNegrocitizenmaygotoregisteronlytobetoldthatthedayiswrong,orthehourislate,ortheofficialinchargeisabsent.Andifhepersists,andifhemanagestopresenthimselftotheregistrar,hemaybedisqualifiedbecausehedidnotspellouthismiddlenameorbecauseheabbreviatedawordontheapplication.Andifhemanagestofilloutanapplication,heisgivenatest.Theregistraristhesolejudgeofwhetherhepassesthistest.HemaybeaskedtorecitetheentireConstitution,orexplainthemostcomplexprovisionsofStatelaw.Andevenacollegedegreecannotbeusedtoprovethathecanreadandwrite.5/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)Forthefactisthattheonlywaytopassthesebarriersistoshowawhiteskin.Experiencehasclearlyshownthattheexistingprocessoflawcannotovercomesystematicandingeniousdiscrimination.Nolawthatwenowhaveonthebooks--andIhavehelpedtoputthreeofthemthere--canensuretherighttovotewhenlocalofficialsaredeterminedtodenyit.Insuchacaseourdutymustbecleartoallofus.TheConstitutionsaysthatnopersonshallbekeptfromvotingbecauseofhisraceorhiscolor.WehaveallswornanoathbeforeGodtosupportandtodefendthatConstitution.Wemustnowactinobediencetothatoath.Wednesday,IwillsendtoCongressalawdesignedtoeliminateillegalbarrierstotherighttovote.ThebroadprinciplesofthatbillwillbeinthehandsoftheDemocraticandRepublicanleaderstomorrow.Aftertheyhavereviewedit,itwillcomehereformallyasabill.Iamgratefulforthisopportunitytocomeheretonightattheinvitationoftheleadershiptoreasonwithmyfriends,togivethemmyviews,andtovisitwithmyformercolleagues.I'vehadpreparedamorecomprehensiveanalysisofthelegislationwhichIhadintendedtotransmittotheclerktomorrow,butwhichIwillsubmitto6/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)theclerkstonight.ButIwanttoreallydiscusswithyounow,briefly,themainproposalsofthislegislation.Thisbillwillstrikedownrestrictionstovotinginallelections--Federal,State,andlocal--whichhavebeenusedtodenyNegroestherighttovote.Thisbillwillestablishasimple,uniformstandardwhichcannotbeused,howeveringenioustheeffort,tofloutourConstitution.ItwillprovideforcitizenstoberegisteredbyofficialsoftheUnitedStatesGovernment,iftheStateofficialsrefusetoregisterthem.Itwilleliminatetedious,unnecessarylawsuitswhichdelaytherighttovote.Finally,thislegislationwillensurethatproperlyregisteredindividualsarenotprohibitedfromvoting.IwillwelcomethesuggestionsfromalloftheMembersofCongress--IhavenodoubtthatIwillgetsome--onwaysandmeanstostrengthenthislawandtomakeiteffective.ButexperiencehasplainlyshownthatthisistheonlypathtocarryoutthecommandoftheConstitution.TothosewhoseektoavoidactionbytheirNationalGovernmentintheirowncommunities,whowanttoandwhoseektomaintainpurelylocalcontroloverelections,theansweris7/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)simple:openyourpollingplacestoallyourpeople.Allowmenandwomentoregisterandvotewhateverthecoloroftheirskin.Extendtherightsofcitizenshiptoeverycitizenofthisland.Thereisnoconstitutionalissuehere.ThecommandoftheConstitutionisplain.Thereisnomoralissue.Itiswrong-deadlywrong--todenyanyofyourfellowAmericanstherighttovoteinthiscountry.ThereisnoissueofStates'rightsornationalrights.Thereisonlythestruggleforhumanrights.Ihavenottheslightestdoubtwhatwillbeyouranswer.ButthelasttimeaPresidentsentacivilrightsbilltotheCongress,itcontainedaprovisiontoprotectvotingrightsinFederalelections.Thatcivilrightsbillwaspassedaftereightlongmonthsofdebate.AndwhenthatbillcametomydeskfromtheCongressformysignature,theheartofthevotingprovisionhadbeeneliminated.Thistime,onthisissue,theremustbenodelay,ornohesitation,ornocompromisewithourpurpose.Wecannot,wemustnot,refusetoprotecttherightofeveryAmericantovoteineveryelectionthathemaydesireto8/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)participatein.Andweoughtnot,andwecannot,andwemustnotwaitanothereightmonthsbeforewegetabill.Wehavealreadywaitedahundredyearsandmore,andthetimeforwaitingisgone.SoIaskyoutojoinmeinworkinglonghours--nightsandweekends,ifnecessary--topassthisbill.AndIdon'tmakethatrequestlightly.ForfromthewindowwhereIsitwiththeproblemsofourcountry,Irecognizethatfromoutsidethischamberistheoutragedconscienceofanation,thegraveconcernofmanynations,andtheharshjudgmentofhistoryonouracts.Butevenifwepassthisbill,thebattlewillnotbeover.WhathappenedinSelmaispartofafarlargermovementwhichreachesintoeverysectionandStateofAmerica.ItistheeffortofAmericanNegroestosecureforthemselvesthefullblessingsofAmericanlife.Theircausemustbeourcausetoo.Becauseit'snotjustNegroes,butreallyit'sallofus,whomustovercomethecripplinglegacyofbigotryandinjustice.Andweshallovercome.AsamanwhoserootsgodeeplyintoSouthernsoil,Iknowhowagonizingracialfeelingsare.Iknowhowdifficultitis9/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)toreshapetheattitudesandthestructureofoursociety.Butacenturyhaspassed,morethanahundredyearssincetheNegrowasfreed.Andheisnotfullyfreetonight.ItwasmorethanahundredyearsagothatAbrahamLincoln,agreatPresidentofanotherparty,signedtheEmancipationProclamation;butemancipationisaproclamation,andnotafact.Acenturyhaspassed,morethanahundredyears,sinceequalitywaspromised.AndyettheNegroisnotequal.Acenturyhaspassedsincethedayofpromise.Andthepromiseisun-kept.Thetimeofjusticehasnowcome.ItellyouthatIbelievesincerelythatnoforcecanholditback.ItisrightintheeyesofmanandGodthatitshouldcome.Andwhenitdoes,IthinkthatdaywillbrightenthelivesofeveryAmerican.ForNegroesarenottheonlyvictims.Howmanywhitechildrenhavegoneuneducated?Howmanywhitefamilieshavelivedinstarkpoverty?Howmanywhiteliveshavebeenscarredbyfear,becausewe'vewastedourenergyandoursubstancetomaintainthebarriersofhatredandterror?AndsoIsaytoallofyouhere,andtoallinthenationtonight,thatthosewhoappealtoyoutoholdontothepastdosoatthecostofdenyingyouyourfuture.10/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)Thisgreat,rich,restlesscountrycanofferopportunityandeducationandhopetoall,allblackandwhite,allNorthandSouth,sharecropperandcitydweller.Thesearetheenemies:poverty,ignorance,disease.They'reourenemies,notourfellowman,notourneighbor.Andtheseenemiestoo--poverty,disease,andignorance:weshallovercome.Nowletnoneofusinanysectionlookwithpridefulrighteousnessonthetroublesinanothersection,ortheproblemsofourneighbors.There'sreallynopartofAmericawherethepromiseofequalityhasbeenfullykept.InBuffaloaswellasinBirmingham,inPhiladelphiaaswellasSelma,Americansarestrugglingforthefruitsoffreedom.Thisisonenation.WhathappensinSelmaorinCincinnatiisamatteroflegitimateconcerntoeveryAmerican.Butleteachofuslookwithinourownheartsandourowncommunities,andleteachofusputourshouldertothewheeltorootoutinjusticewhereveritexists.Aswemeethereinthispeaceful,historicchambertonight,menfromtheSouth,someofwhomwereatIwoJima,menfromtheNorthwhohavecarriedOldGlorytofarcornersoftheworldandbroughtitbackwithoutastainonit,menfromtheEast11/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)andfromtheWest,areallfightingtogetherwithoutregardtoreligion,orcolor,orregion,inVietnam.Menfromeveryregionfoughtforusacrosstheworldtwentyyearsago.Andnowinthesecommondangersandthesecommonsacrifices,theSouthmadeitscontributionofhonorandgallantrynolessthananyotherregionintheGreatRepublic--andinsomeinstances,agreatmanyofthem,more.AndIhavenottheslightestdoubtthatgoodmenfromeverywhereinthiscountry,fromtheGreatLakestotheGulfofMexico,fromtheGoldenGatetotheharborsalongtheAtlantic,willrallynowtogetherinthiscausetovindicatethefreedomofallAmericans.Forallofusowethisduty;andIbelievethatallofuswillrespondtoit.YourPresidentmakesthatrequestofeveryAmerican.TherealheroofthisstruggleistheAmericanNegro.Hisactionsandprotests,hiscouragetorisksafetyandeventoriskhislife,haveawakenedtheconscienceofthisnation.Hisdemonstrationshavebeendesignedtocallattentiontoinjustice,designedtoprovokechange,designedtostirreform.HehascalleduponustomakegoodthepromiseofAmerica.And12/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)whoamonguscansaythatwewouldhavemadethesameprogresswereitnotforhispersistentbravery,andhisfaithinAmericandemocracy.Forattherealheartofbattleforequalityisadeepseatedbeliefinthedemocraticprocess.Equalitydependsnotontheforceofarmsorteargasbutdependsupontheforceofmoralright;notonrecoursetoviolencebutonrespectforlawandorder.AndtherehavebeenmanypressuresuponyourPresidentandtherewillbeothersasthedayscomeandgo.ButIpledgeyoutonightthatweintendtofightthisbattlewhereitshouldbefought--inthecourts,andintheCongress,andintheheartsofmen.Wemustpreservetherightoffreespeechandtherightoffreeassembly.Buttherightoffreespeechdoesnotcarrywithit,ashasbeensaid,therighttohollerfireinacrowdedtheater.Wemustpreservetherighttofreeassembly.Butfreeassemblydoesnotcarrywithittherighttoblockpublicthoroughfarestotraffic.Wedohavearighttoprotest,andarighttomarchunderconditionsthatdonotinfringetheconstitutionalrightsof13/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)ourneighbors.AndIintendtoprotectallthoserightsaslongasIampermittedtoserveinthisoffice.Wewillguardagainstviolence,knowingitstrikesfromourhandstheveryweaponswhichweseek:progress,obediencetolaw,andbeliefinAmericanvalues.InSelma,aselsewhere,weseekandprayforpeace.Weseekorder.Weseekunity.Butwewillnotacceptthepeaceofstifledrights,ortheorderimposedbyfear,ortheunitythatstiflesprotest.Forpeacecannotbepurchasedatthecostofliberty.InSelmatonight--andwehadagooddaythere--asineverycity,weareworkingforajustandpeacefulsettlementAndwemustallrememberthatafterthisspeechIammakingtonight,afterthepoliceandtheFBIandtheMarshalshaveallgone,andafteryouhavepromptlypassedthisbill,thepeopleofSelmaandtheothercitiesoftheNationmuststillliveandworktogether.Andwhentheattentionofthenationhasgoneelsewhere,theymusttrytohealthewoundsandtobuildanewcommunity.Thiscannotbeeasilydoneonabattlegroundofviolence,asthehistoryoftheSouthitselfshows.Itisinrecognitionofthisthatmenofbothraceshaveshownsuchanoutstandingly14/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)impressiveresponsibilityinrecentdays--lastTuesday,againtoday.ThebillthatIampresentingtoyouwillbeknownasacivilrightsbill.But,inalargersense,mostoftheprogramIamrecommendingisacivilrightsprogram.Itsobjectistoopenthecityofhopetoallpeopleofallraces.BecauseallAmericansjustmusthavetherighttovote.Andwearegoingtogivethemthatright.AllAmericansmusthavetheprivilegesofcitizenship--regardlessofrace.Andtheyaregoingtohavethoseprivilegesofcitizenship--regardlessofrace.ButIwouldliketocautionyouandremindyouthattoexercisetheseprivilegestakesmuchmorethanjustlegalright.Itrequiresatrainedmindandahealthybody.Itrequiresadecenthome,andthechancetofindajob,andtheopportunitytoescapefromtheclutchesofpoverty.Ofcourse,peoplecannotcontributetothenationiftheyarenevertaughttoreadorwrite,iftheirbodiesarestuntedfromhunger,iftheirsicknessgoesuntended,iftheirlifeisspentinhopelesspovertyjustdrawingawelfarecheck.Sowewanttoopenthegatestoopportunity.Butwe'realsogoingto15/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)giveallourpeople,blackandwhite,thehelpthattheyneedtowalkthroughthosegates.MyfirstjobaftercollegewasasateacherinCotulla,Texas,inasmallMexican-Americanschool.FewofthemcouldspeakEnglish,andIcouldn'tspeakmuchSpanish.Mystudentswerepoorandtheyoftencametoclasswithoutbreakfast,hungry.Andtheyknew,evenintheiryouth,thepainofprejudice.Theyneverseemedtoknowwhypeopledislikedthem.Buttheyknewitwasso,becauseIsawitintheireyes.Ioftenwalkedhomelateintheafternoon,aftertheclasseswerefinished,wishingtherewasmorethatIcoulddo.ButallIknewwastoteachthemthelittlethatIknew,hopingthatitmighthelpthemagainstthehardshipsthatlayahead.Andsomehowyouneverforgetwhatpovertyandhatredcandowhenyouseeitsscarsonthehopefulfaceofayoungchild.Ineverthoughtthen,in1928,thatIwouldbestandingherein1965.ItneverevenoccurredtomeinmyfondestdreamsthatImighthavethechancetohelpthesonsanddaughtersofthosestudentsandtohelppeoplelikethemalloverthiscountry.ButnowIdohavethatchance--andI'llletyouinonasecret——Imeantouseit.16/18文章來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，僅供參考學(xué)習(xí)AndIhopethatyouwilluseitwithme.Thisistherichestandthemostpowerfulcountrywhicheveroccupiedthisglobe.Themightofpastempiresislitt