新教材高中英語Unit4HistoryandtraditionsSectionⅡReadingandThinking教學(xué)案新人教版必修第二冊

/24/24/SectionⅡReadingandThinking基礎(chǔ)知識預(yù)習(xí)自檢WHAT'SINANAME?名字里有什么？聯(lián)合王國、大不列顛、不列顛、英格蘭——許多人對這些不同的名字的含義感到困惑。所以這些名字的不同點是什么，如果有的話？了解一些關(guān)于英國的歷史會幫助你解開疑惑。在16世紀(jì)，臨近的威爾士加入了英格蘭王國。之后，在18世紀(jì)，蘇格蘭的加入創(chuàng)建了大不列顛聯(lián)合王國。在19世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭王國的加入創(chuàng)建了大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。最后，在20世紀(jì)，南愛爾蘭脫離英國，因此才有了今天英國的名字：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。大多數(shù)人只用簡稱：“theUnitedKingdom”或者“theUK”。來自于聯(lián)合王國的人被叫做“英國人”，這意味著聯(lián)合王國也經(jīng)常被稱為不列顛或者大不列顛。英國所屬的四個國家在一些領(lǐng)域進行了合作。除了擁有同樣的貨幣和軍事防御，他們也使用同樣的國旗，亦稱為米字旗。然而，他們也有不同之處。例如，英格蘭，威爾士，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭都有不同的教育體系和司法體系。他們擁有自己的傳統(tǒng)，比如他們自己的國慶節(jié)和國菜。他們甚至用各自的足球隊來參加比賽，比如世界杯！英國有悠久而富有趣味的歷史去讓人探尋，這可以幫助你更加了解這個國家及其傳統(tǒng)。在英國無論你去哪里，你都會感受到四個不同的群體曾經(jīng)存在的證據(jù)，他們在不同的歷史時期接管了這個國家。第一個群體是羅馬，出現(xiàn)在1世紀(jì)。他們的偉大成就包括建立城鎮(zhèn)和馬路。接下來，盎格魯撒克遜人在5世紀(jì)來到英國。他們引進了最初的英語語言并且改變了房屋建造方式。維京人出現(xiàn)在8世紀(jì)，留下了很多新詞匯，以及英國許多地方的名字。最后出現(xiàn)的是諾曼底人。11世紀(jì)，他們在著名的黑斯廷戰(zhàn)役后征服了英格蘭。他們在英格蘭到處建造城堡，并且更改了法律體系。諾曼底人是法國人，所以很多法語詞匯慢慢進入了英語語言中。有很多關(guān)于英國的有趣的歷史和文化可以去了解。學(xué)習(xí)這個國家的歷史會讓你的旅行更加愉快。首都倫敦是一個很好的起點，因為它是一個古老的港口城市，它的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時代。那里有數(shù)不清的歷史古跡可以去探訪，還有很多博物館，里面有來自于英國各地的古代文物。英國完美地結(jié)合了歷史和現(xiàn)代文化，新舊傳統(tǒng)共存。如果你留心觀察，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以同時看到它的過去和現(xiàn)在。重點知識合作探究1chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n.(公司或機構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(教材P40)歸納拓展chiefengineer/judge總工程師/審判長ChiefExecutiveOfficer首席執(zhí)行官ChiefFinancialOfficer首席財務(wù)官①Studentsarethechiefpartsofevaluationonteachingeffect.學(xué)生是教學(xué)效果評價的最重要的主體。②ChiefButheleziwasabraveIndianchief.布特萊齊酋長是一位勇敢的印第安酋長。單句寫作①天氣是我們來這里的主要原因。Theweatherwasour________________forcominghere.②他們邀請了當(dāng)?shù)氐挠〉诎踩耸最I(lǐng)和90名印第安人。Theyinvitedthelocal________________and90Indians.答案：①chiefreason②Indianchief2Finally,inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,which_resulted_in_the_full_name_we_have_today:_theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.(教材P40)最后，在20世紀(jì)，南愛爾蘭脫離英國，因此才有了今天英國的名字：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。剖析句中whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which意為“這一點；這件事”，非限制定語從句中又含有一個省略了關(guān)系詞that的限制性定語從句。歸納拓展as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句(1)as與which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，先行詞可以是一個句子。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置靈活，可以位于句首、句中、句末。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常位于句末。(2)as具有“正如，像”等含義，而which意為“這一點，這件事”。①Internetissointeresting,whichmakesallpossiblehappen.因特網(wǎng)是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能發(fā)生。②Asweknow,theteacherisfromBeijing.正如我們所知，這位教師來自北京。(1)單句語法填空①Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.②ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.答案：①as②which(2)單句寫作①正如上面提到的，中國是個美麗的國家。____________________________，Chinaisabeautifulcountry.②這本小說很感人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。Thisnovel,____________________________，isverytouching.答案：①Asismentionedabove②whichIhavereadthreetimes3breakaway(sb./sth.sb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫(教材P40)歸納拓展breakdown(機器等)出故障，損壞；分解；崩潰；情緒失控breakin闖入，破門而入；打斷，插嘴breakinto破門而入；闖入breakoff折斷；中斷breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)breakup分解；打碎；破裂，分手①Therobberbroke_away_fromtheprison.搶劫犯從監(jiān)獄逃脫了。②Hebroke_offinthemiddleofasentence.他一句話說了一半就不說了。(1)單句語法填空①Burglarshadbroken________whilewewereaway.②Itwasthefactthathiscarbroke________onthewaythisafternoonthatmadehimlateforthemeeting.③Thefirebroke________duringtheday,andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.④I'msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebroken________.答案：①in②down③out④up(2)單句寫作那個男孩掙脫了他媽媽，跑掉了。Theboy________________hismotherandranaway.答案：brokeawayfrom4belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)belongto“屬于”，不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。belongtoaclub/group/organization是俱樂部/團體/組織的成員(2)belongingsn.財產(chǎn)，所有物①(2022·浙江高考)Thestudentsfeelthattheybelong_toaparticulargroup.學(xué)生們感覺他們屬于某一特定群體。②(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Paper－cuttinghasahistoryofover1,500years,whichbelongs_totraditionalartinChina.剪紙有1,500多年的歷史，屬于中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。③Shepackedafewofherbelongingsinabagandleft.她把她的幾件東西裝進包里便離開了。(1)單句語法填空①Thehousehadbelonged________herfamilyforthreeorfourgenerations.②Manyofherpersonal________(belong)hadbeenstolen.答案：①to②belongings(2)單句寫作我過去是一個青年俱樂部的成員。Iusedto____________ayouthclub.答案：belongto5aswellas同(一樣也)；和；還(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)AaswellasB作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)隨A的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。(2)aswellas可以用來連接兩個相同的成分，強調(diào)的重點在前面，不在后面。(3)may/mightaswell最好……；還是……為好；不妨①(2022·天津高考)Amy,as_well_asherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.艾米，還有她的哥哥們，上周回到村子的時候受到了熱烈歡迎。②Theweatherissobadthatwemight_as_wellstayathome.天氣太糟了，我們最好待在家里。(1)單句語法填空①Theyvisitedsomefactories,hospitalsas________astheschool.②Themoviestaraswellasalotoffans________(be)photographedalotbyTVstationsandnewspapers.答案：①well②was(2)單句寫作我們不僅可以了解其他國家的歷史和文化，而且還可以更多地了解偉人的生活。Wecanlearnmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeople________________historyandculturesofothercountries.答案：aswellas6defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)defenceagainststh.防御物；防務(wù)；防御能力indefenceof保護……；為……辯護(2)defendv.防御；保護；保衛(wèi)defend...against/from...保護……免受……傷害①Theimmunesystemisourmaindefence_againstdisease.免疫系統(tǒng)是我們抵御疾病的主要屏障。②MrGreenstoodupin_defence_ofthelittleboy.格林先生站起來為這個小男孩辯護。③Ourforefathersbuiltthiswalltodefend_themselves_frominvasion.我們的祖先修筑這道城墻是為了保護他們不受侵略。(1)單句語法填空①Inaddition,firewallsarenodefence________internalhackers.②Strengthliesnotin________(defend)butinattack.答案：①against②defence(2)單句寫作進攻是最好的防御。Offenseis________________.答案：thebestdefence7legaladj.法律的；合法的(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)legalaction法律行動legaladvice法律咨詢/建議legalbattle官司；法律糾紛legaldefence法律辯護legaldepartment法務(wù)部legaldocuments法律文件legalexpert法律專家legalguardian法定監(jiān)護人(2)illegaladj.不合法的；非法的；違法的(3)legallyadv.合法地；法定地①Gamblingislegalinsomecountries.在某些國家里賭博是合法的。②It'sillegaltodrivethrougharedlight.開車闖紅燈是違章行為。③Theschoolislegallyresponsibleforyourchild'ssafety.學(xué)校對你的孩子負(fù)有法律上的安全責(zé)任。(1)單句語法填空①Thelandbelongs________(legal)tothegovernment.②Itis________(legal)andcouldendangerotherpeople'slives.答案：①legally②illegal(2)單句寫作這場官司延續(xù)了幾年，最后在法庭外和解。This________________continuedforyearsbeforebeingsettledoutofcourt.答案：legalbattle8surroundvt.圍繞；包圍(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)surround...with...以……包圍……besurroundedby/with被……包圍(2)surroundingadj.周圍的(3)surroundingsn.環(huán)境；周圍的事物①Thebuildingwassurrounded_withpolice.那棟房子被警察包圍了。②Tosomepeople,happinessis_being_surrounded_by/withfamilyandfriends.對于有些人來說，幸福就是被家人和朋友包圍著。③Helikestosurround_himself_withamusingpeople.他喜歡讓自己的身邊都是有趣的人。④Livinginbeautifulandcomfortablesurroundings,_wefeelveryhappy.生活在優(yōu)美舒適的環(huán)境里，我們感到很幸福。(1)單句語法填空①________(surround)bytheseaonthreesides,modernQingdaoisconsideredoneofthemostlivablecitiesinChina.②The________(surround)villageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowingcity.③Ineedtoworkinpleasant________(surround)．答案：①Surrounded②surrounding③surroundings(2)單句寫作遠處那棟被許多大樹環(huán)繞的高樓是我爸爸公司的所在地。Thetallbuilding________________manybigtreesinthedistanceiswheremyfather'scompanyislocated.答案：surroundedby9evidencen.證據(jù)；證明(教材P40)歸納拓展(1)Thereissomeevidencethat...有證據(jù)證明……(2)evidentadj.明顯的Itisevidentthat...很明顯……(3)evidentlyadv.明顯地，顯然①There_is_a_lot_of_evidence_thatstressispartlyresponsiblefordisease.有很多證據(jù)證明壓力是致病的部分原因。②It_was_evident_thatshehadoncebeenabeauty.很明顯她曾是個美人。③Evidently,_hehasnotmadeuphismindyet.顯然他還沒有拿定主意。(1)單句語法填空①Thereisnoevidence________themeetingactuallytookplace.②________(evidence),theSpanishteamislikelytowintheWorldCup.答案：①that②Evidently(2)單句寫作很明顯他是有罪的。________________thatheisguilty.答案：Itisevident10Theyhad_castles_builtallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(教材P41)他們在英格蘭到處建造城堡，并且更改了法律體系。剖析句中hadcastlesbuilt為havesth.＋done結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語castles與build之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞built作賓語補足語。歸納拓展在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為使役動詞，意為“使，讓”，可表示三種含義(1)(主語)請/派別人完成某事。(2)(主語)完成某事(可能參與，也可能不參與)。(3)(主語)遭受某種不幸的情況。①Ihad_that_door_paintedlastweek.上星期我請人給那扇門刷了油漆。②Wemusthave_the_work_finishedbyTuesday.我們必須在星期二之前完成此項工作。③Ihad_my_leg_brokenwhenIgotoffthebus.下車時我的一條腿摔斷了。[易混辨析：have(使，讓)構(gòu)成的其他常見結(jié)構(gòu)]havesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”。賓語sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。相當(dāng)于let/makesb.do或getsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。Joehadmefindacarforhim.喬讓我給他找輛車。havesb.doingsth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”，強調(diào)動作一直在持續(xù)。賓語sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。I'msorrytohaveyouwaitingheresolong.很抱歉讓你在這兒等這么久。(1)單句語法填空①Thedirectorhadherassistant________(pick)upsomedocumentsforthemeeting.②Theteacherhadhim________(stand)foralongtimeoutsidetopunishhimforhisbeinglateagain.③Afterthefarewell(歡送)party,wehadaphoto________(take)torecordthispreciousmoment.答案：①pick②standing③taken(2)單句寫作昨天晚上，我的手表被偷了。Ihad________________lastnight.答案：mywatchstolen11fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的(教材P41)歸納拓展(1)fascinatev.深深吸引；迷住(2)fascinatedadj.入迷的；極感興趣的①MadagascaristhemostfascinatingplaceIhaveeverbeento.馬達加斯加是我去過的最迷人的地方。②Itwasaquestionthathad_fascinatedhimsincehewasaboy.這是他自幼就著迷的問題。③I'mfascinatedbythebeautyofLijiangandDali.我被麗江和大理的美景迷住了。(1)單句語法填空①Hetoldsome________(fascinate)talesabouthislifeinIndia.②Thischildwas________(fascinate)bytheplotsinthenovel.答案：①fascinating②fascinated(2)單句寫作我父親是個醫(yī)生。我對醫(yī)學(xué)很著迷。MyfatherisadoctorandI________________medicaine.答案：amfascinatedby12keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)歸納拓展keep的常見短語keepback阻止；隱瞞；抑制keepaway(from)避開，遠離keep...inmind記住keepintouchwithsb.與某人保持聯(lián)系keepoff不接近；遠離keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事keepup繼續(xù)，使維持較高水平keepupwith跟上；與……保持聯(lián)系①Keep_your_eyes_open_foraboyinaredcapandsweater.你要留心注意一個戴紅帽子，穿紅運動衫的小男孩。②Sheshookherheadandstartedtowalkon.Hekept_up_withher.她搖了搖頭開始往前走。他跟了上去。③Thelocalpolicehadwarnedvisitorstokeep_offthebeachatnight.當(dāng)?shù)鼐礁嬲]游客不要在夜間去海灘。④Ifyoudon'tkeep_away_fromthedog,youmaybebitten.如果你不避開那只狗，你可能會被咬傷。單句語法填空①Whenshopping,keepyoureyes________forthoseenergy－savingmachines.②Shewasunabletokeep________hertears,andweptfreely.③Wemustkeepin________thatwearenotchildrenanymore,andweshouldbeindependent.答案：①open②back③mind學(xué)習(xí)效果隨堂演練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．(2022·全國卷Ⅲ)Arowofreflectiveboardsona________(附近的)mountainsidewereputtouse.答案：nearby2．The________(王國)isdividedintofourparts.答案：kingdom3．Chinaisadevelopingcountrythat________(屬于)tothethirdworld.答案：belongs4．Thestudentswhowentcampinghadahard________(軍事的)life.答案：military5．Thefollowingtableshowsthe________(位置)andnameofthisfile.答案：location6．Port－Louisisanattractivelittlefishing________(港口)．答案：port7．Hehadthegoodfortunetomarryhisdaughtertothelocal________(首領(lǐng))．答案：chief8．Thisgreat________(戰(zhàn)役)wasvividlyrecordedinthedocumentaryfilm.答案：battle9．Shewastheonlywomaninthebigcompany's________(法律的)department.答案：legal10．________(圍繞)yourselfwithpeoplewhohaverealisticgoalsandwanttoachievesomethinginlife.答案：SurroundⅡ.單句語法填空1．Thisfortwasoncethemain________(defend)oftheisland.答案：defence2．Garyfoundherreaction________(puzzle)．答案：puzzling3．Theteammembersweregreetedlike________(conquer)heroes.答案：conquering4．Itwasaremarkable________(achieve)forsuchayoungplayer.答案：achievement5．Istillfindthisstoryboth________(fascinate)andunbelievable.答案：fascinatingⅢ.單句寫作1．一條堤道將這座島嶼與大陸相連。Theislandis__________themainlandbyacauseway.答案：joinedto2．除了擺脫那個非法組織，你別無選擇。Youhavenochoicebutto________________theillegalorganization.答案：breakawayfrom3．這棟大樓新添了一座配樓。Anewwingwas________________thebuilding.答案：addedto4．老人同兒童一樣喜歡這部電影。Theoldpeople____________thechildrenlikethisfilm.答案：aswellas5．這就是為什么我們要時刻關(guān)注新的機遇。That'swhywehaveto________________________newopportunities.答案：keepoureyesopenfor課后課時作業(yè)(一)Ⅰ完形填空BritainandIrelandTheBritishIslesismadeupoftwolargeislands：OneiscalledIrelandandtheother__1__.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargerofthesetwoislands,anditis__2__intothreeparts：Scotland,WalesandEngland.TheUnitedKingdomisthat__3__oftheBritishIslesruledoverbytheQueen.ItismadeupofScotland,WalesandEngland,thatis,the__4__ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,theNorthernpart.The__5__ofIrelandisself－governing.The__6__nameoftheUnitedKingdomis__7__“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland\”.__8__islargerandricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland,andhasthelargest__9__oftheUnitedKingdom,sopeopleoftenusethe__10__“England\”and“English\”whenthey__11__“Britain\”and“British\”.ThissometimesmakestheScotsandtheWelshalittle__12__.TheScotsinparticulararevery__13__oftheirseparatenationality.TheWelshtoodonotregard__14__asEnglish,andhaveacultureandevena__15__oftheirown.IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdomin1801,butforfortyyearsthe“Irish__16__\”wasthegreatestheadacheoftheUnitedKingdom.__17__，Irelandisdividedintotwo:NorthernIrelandstill__18__totheUnitedKingdom,andin1922therestofIreland__19__tofoundanIrishFreeState,latercalledEireandnowtheRepublicofIreland.TheRepublicofIrelanddoesnotregarditselfaspartofBritain,andisnotnowevenasupporteroftheCommonwealthofNations(英聯(lián)邦).UnlikethemajorCommonwealthcountriesitdidnotliftafingerto__20__BritishintheSecondWorldWarandnowwantsthewholeofIrelandtobearepublic.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國的四個組成部分英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭的各自情況。1．A.Wales B．BritainC．England D．Scotland答案：B不列顛群島由兩個大島組成：一個叫愛爾蘭島，另一個叫不列顛島(Britain)，且第1空下一句也是提示。故選B。2．A.divided B．cutC．broken D．separated答案：A大不列顛島被分成三個部分，divided“劃分”，指把一個整體分成若干部分，其后常接介詞into；bedividedinto“被劃分成若干部分”，故選A。3．A.piece B．islandC．country D．part答案：DTheUnitedKingdom是大不列顛群島上由女王所統(tǒng)治的那部分(part)，故選D。4．A.south B．northC．part D．whole答案：D英國包括大不列顛島全部(whole)和大約1/6的愛爾蘭，故選D。5．A.smaller B．largerC．rest D．island答案：C大約1/6的愛爾蘭屬于英國，其余部分(rest)自治，故選C。6．A.correct B．trueC．full D．complete答案：C英國的全稱(fullname)是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國，故選C。7．A.also B．thereforeC．likely D．perhaps答案：B英國包括大不列顛和北愛爾蘭，因此(therefore)它的全稱是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國，故選B。8．A.TheUK B．TheBritishislesC．GreatBritain D．England答案：D英國包括四個部分，其中英格蘭(England)比其他三個部分面積大且富有，故選D。9．A.colleges B．officialsC．cities D．population答案：D英格蘭是英聯(lián)邦中最大、最富有、人口(population)最多的地方，故選D。10．A.words B．namesC．spellings D．pronunciations答案：A因為英格蘭是英聯(lián)邦中最大、最富有、人口最多的地方，人們常常用詞語(words)“England/English”稱呼“Britain”and“British”，故選A。11．A.call B．forgetC．speak D．write答案：A人們常常用詞語“England/English”稱呼(call)“Britain”and“British”。故選A。12．A.angry B．difficultC．tired D．lonely答案：A蘇格蘭和威爾士人不愿意被稱之為“England/English”，所以他們對此很生氣(angry)，故選A。13．A.proud B．fondC．full D．kind答案：A根據(jù)語境可知，蘇格蘭人對自己的民族很自豪(proud)，故選A。14．A.it B．WalesC．them D．themselves答案：D本句主語theWelsh指代威爾士人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以選擇復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞指代主語，故選D。15．A.capital B．languageC．history D．programs答案：B威爾士人有自己的語言(language)，A、C、D三項都不符合事實或語境，故選B。16．A.Country B．QuestionC．Disease D．Republic答案：B40年來愛爾蘭問題(Question)一直是英國頭疼的問題，故選B。17．A.Atlast B．SoC．Meanwhile D．Also答案：A根據(jù)常識可知，愛爾蘭人經(jīng)過長期的斗爭之后，最終(atlast)分成兩個部分，故選A。18．A.returns B．belongsC．gets D．speaks答案：B北愛爾蘭仍然屬于(belongsto)英國，故選B。19．A.hoped B．refusedC．brokeaway D．used答案：C1922年愛爾蘭其余的部分脫離(brokeaway)英聯(lián)邦建立了現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國，故選C。20．A.feel B．touchC．fight D．help答案：D根據(jù)本段第一句中的“andisnotnowevenasupporteroftheCommonwealthofNations(英聯(lián)邦)”可推知，在二戰(zhàn)期間愛爾蘭沒有抬起一根手指頭幫助(help)英國，故選D。Ⅱ閱讀理解Didanyonefindthenamesof“theBritishIsles”，“GreatBritain”，“theUnitedKingdom”，“England”and“theBritishCommonwealth”whichhavethesamemeaning？Strictlyspeaking,thesenamesallrefertosomethingdifferent.Noneofthemareexactlythesameasanyoftheothers.TheBritishIslesrefertothemainislandsandseveralthousandsmallonesaswell,whichyoucanseeonthemap.GreatBritain,orBritain,referstothelargerofthetwomainislands.Buttheword“Britain”isoftenusedasashortformfortheUnitedKingdomoryoucallittheUK.Nowasforeq\a\vs4\al(P1)England,itreferssimplytothelargestofthethreecountriesontheislandofGreatBritain.TheUnitedKingdomisthenameofthestateandtheofficialnameofthecountry,whichmanypeoplepopularlyrefertoEngland.Finally,theBritishCommonwealthistheusualnameforwhatisleftoftheBritishEmpireeq\a\vs4\al(W).ThischangeshowstheweakeningofBritishEmpireandtherisingofthenationalliberationmovementseq\a\vs4\al(P2)throughouttheworldtoday.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國的不同的名字，和它們具體所指的地方。雖然這些名字可以被用來代表這個國家，但是含義還是有差別的。1．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A．GreatBritainhasthesamemeaningasBritainB．theUnitedKingdomhasthesamemeaningasBritainorEnglandC．a(chǎn)llthenamesinthefirstparagraphhavethesamemeaningD．a(chǎn)llthenamesrefertoEngland答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“GreatBritainorBritain,referstothelargerofthetwomainislands.”可知GreatBritain和Britain意思相同，故選A。2．ItisclearthattheBritishIslesreferto________.A．Britain,EnglandandtheUKB．thetwomainislandsandthousandsofsmallonesC．threecountriesandseveralislandsD．GreatBritainortheUnitedKingdom答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“TheBritishIslesrefertothemainislandsandseveralthousandsmallonesaswell”可知BritishIsles是指兩個主島和幾千個小島，故選B。3．IfyouwanttowritetosomeoneinEdinburghthatliesinScotland,youshouldwritetheaddressas________.A．Edinburgh,EnglandB．Edinburgh,Scotland,GreatBritainC．Scotland,Edinburgh,EnglandD．GreatBritain,Scotland,Edinburgh答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，GreatBritain是整個大不列顛島，Scotland是大不列顛島的一部分，Edinburgh是蘇格蘭的一個城市；所以依據(jù)寫信的地址格式，小的地址在前面，可知地址應(yīng)該寫成Edinburgh，Scotland，GreatBritain，故選B。4．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．theUKisnotaspowerfulasitwasinthepastB．theBritishCommonwealthisanothernameoftheUKC．EnglandisthelargestcountryintheBritishCommonwealthD．noothercountryisleftintheBritishCommonwealthexceptBritain答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“ThischangeshowstheweakeningofBritishEmpire”可知英國不再像過去那樣強大了。故選A。empiren.帝國1．a(chǎn)sfor關(guān)于，至于2．nationalliberationmovement民族解放運動Ⅲ語法填空ThefirstUNChineseLanguageDayattheUnitedNations__1__(observe)onFridayatUNHeadquartersinNewYorkin2010.__2__theworld'smostwidelyspokenlanguage，itseemsappropriatethatMandarin(普通話)hasonedayeveryyeardedicated(把……專用于)toit.This__3__(official)markeddayofMandarinlanguagecelebrationwassetbytheUnitedNationsasawayof__4__(celebrate)thelanguage'shistoryandcontributionstotheworld.__5__ishopedthathavingonedayeveryyeartocelebrateMandarinwillencouragemorepeoplearoundtheworldtotakeitup.WithChinalikelytobecomethe__6__(large)economyintheworld，itisimportantthatthewiderworldbecomesinterestinglymoreperfectinthiswonderfullanguage.EveryyearUNChineseLanguageDay__7__(fall)onApril20.Agreatway__8__(get)involvedinthecelebrationistojoinaMandarinclassorattendoneoftheConfuciusInstitutes(孔子學(xué)院)__9__aresetupbyChinaincountriesaroundtheworld.ThenumberofpeoplelearningChineseison__10__increaseinChina'sneighboringcountries,suchasKorea,JapanandVietnam.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。每年的4月20日是聯(lián)合國漢語日，聯(lián)合國將這一天定為官方的普通話慶祝日，以慶祝漢語的歷史和對世界的貢獻，同時鼓勵世界各地更多的人來學(xué)習(xí)漢語。1．wasobserved考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。時間狀語是2010年，同時表示“慶?！钡膐bserve和句子主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasobserved。2．As考查介詞。表示“作為”，用介詞as。3．officially考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞marked應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式，意為“官方紀(jì)念的普通話慶祝日”，故填副詞officially。4．celebrating考查非謂語動詞。介詞of后跟動詞－ing形式，故填celebrating。5．It考查代詞。此處it作形式主語，真正的主語是that從句，故填I(lǐng)t。6．largest考查形容詞的最高級。此處表示“最大的”，修飾名詞economy，且前面有the，所以用形容詞最高級。故填largest。7．falls考查主謂一致。主語為單數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)Everyyear可知此處陳述一般性事實，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填falls。8．toget考查非謂語動詞。thewaytodosth.“做某事的方式”為固定用法，故填toget。9．which/that考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞ConfuciusInstitutes，且在定語從句中作主語，故填which或that。10．the考查固定搭配。ontheincrease“正在增長”為固定短語，故填the。Ⅳ應(yīng)用文寫作假設(shè)你是李華。你的美國筆友Jane打算七月來中國，因為擔(dān)心文化差異的影響，特來信詢問中國人的社交習(xí)俗。請你用英語回一封信，按以下幾個方面作具體介紹：1．見面時的問候方式；2．對于表揚的回答方式；3．接受禮物時的回應(yīng)方式；4．餐宴禮節(jié)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右(信的開頭和結(jié)束語已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù))；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJane，Gladtohearfromyouandyou'rewelcometovisitChinainJuly.Ihopewhat'smentionedabovemightbehelpfulandwishyouagoodjourney.Yourssincerely，LiHua[精彩范文]DearJane，Gladtohearfromyouandyou'rewelcometovisitChinainJuly.Toremoveanypossiblepuzzle,Iamwillingtobriefyouonsomebasicetiquette.Initially，whenencounteringacquaintancesonthestreet,wesmilewavingahand.Aslightbowtoeldersandahandshakewithpeersarealsoconsideredpoliteduringaformalvisit.Besides,torespondtopraise,Chinesecutamodestfigure,saying“Youspeaktoohighlyofme”insteadofdirectthanks.AnotherbigdifferencefromAmericaisthatweexpressgratitudewhenreceivingagiftwithoutunwrappingit.Greatprominenceisgiventotablemanners.Youngstershadbetternotliftchopsticksuntileldersbegintoeatandnotleaveuntilallpeoplefinishmeals.Andmakingnoiseswhilechewingappearsbad－mannered.Ihopewhat'smentionedabovemightbehelpfulandwishyouagoodjourney.Yourssincerely，LiHua課后課時作業(yè)(二)Ⅰ閱讀理解Clownsarealmosteverywherethesedaysinpopularculture.Theycanbeseeninmovies,ontelevisionshows,atmusicalperformances,andsometimesjustwalkinginthestreets.Theyhavebeenmakingcrowdslaughforgenerationseq\a\vs4\al(P1).Butwhattheyrepresentinpopularculturehaschangedalotoverthepast400years.Inthe1950sand1960s,thepopularityofclownsgrewbecauseoftelevision.BozotheClownappearedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)inanumberofTVprogramsforchildren.Alsointhe1960s,McDonald's,thefast－foodbusiness,choseahappyclowntoappearinitsadvertisementseq\a\vs4\al(W2).Todaythatcompanymascot,RonaldMcDonald,isworldfamous.Inthe1980s,evilclownsbeganappearinginmovieslikePoltergeist(《鬼驅(qū)人》)andKillerKlownsfromOuterSpace(《外太空殺人小丑》).Then,intheautumnof2016,manyAmericansbegandevelopingrealconcernsaboutclowns.StartinginSouthCarolina,peoplereportedseeingindividualswearingclowncostumeseq\a\vs4\al(W3)，oftenhidinginthewoodsorincitiesatnight.Somepeoplesaidtheclownsweretryingtolure(引誘)childrenintoemptyhomesorthewoods.Althoughtherewereusuallynoreportsofviolence,andmanyofthereportedsightingswerelaterfoundtobefalse,thiscausedanation-widepanic.Formostpeoplewhoworkasclowns,theirjobistomakepeoplehappyandlaugh.LisaLong,afamousclown,sayssheissurethatclownsstillhaveabrightfuture.“Howoftendoyougetachancetoreallylaughorbesillyandhavefun?Ithinkpeopleareattractedtothat,tothelaughter.AndwhatIdoasaprofessionalchildren'sentertainerisIbringthat,sometimestochildrenwhomaynothavehadachancetoevenlaughthatdayorthatweek.Andtheopportunitytobringlaughter—Ithinkthat'swhatattractspeopletoclowns.”Sheaddsthataslongaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)therearestillchildrenintheworld,therewillstillbeafutureforclowns.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。小丑已經(jīng)有400多年的歷史，但是直到20世紀(jì)50～60年代，小丑才因為電視進入千家萬戶而受到公眾的歡迎。在20世紀(jì)80年代，由于小丑在影視作品中的負(fù)面形象，公眾開始對小丑感到恐懼和憎惡。但人們相信，只要世界上有兒童存在，小丑就有光明的未來。1．Wherecanyoumostpossiblyseeaclown?A．Inapark.B．Ontheschoolcampus.C．Atmusicalperformances.D．Inaforest.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，人們可以在電影中、電視節(jié)目中、音樂劇中，甚至有時在大街上都會看到小丑。2．Clownsgainedpopularityasaresultof________.A．TVprograms B．a(chǎn)dvertisementsC．businesses D．movies答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，小丑受人們歡迎應(yīng)當(dāng)歸功于電視的興起。3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．AmericansbelievethestoryinthefictionmoviecanbetrueB．people'sbeliefputsthefutureofclownsatriskC．mostAmericanscaneasilybecheatedbyrumorsinlifeD．thepublicpanicoverclownsdevelopedbasedonrumors答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，人們對于小丑的恐懼，甚至于全國性的恐慌，多源于未經(jīng)證實的報道，而且有的報道后來被證實是假消息，由此判斷，人們對于小丑的恐懼是因為謠言造成的。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Clownsbringlaughtertochildren.B．Imagesofclownschangeovertime.C．Thereisabrightfutureforclowns.D．Thepopularityofclownsisgrowing.答案：B主旨大意題。本文大體分為三個部分：小丑的出現(xiàn)，小丑受到公眾的歡迎，小丑受到公眾的憎惡，因此概括來說，本文講述了“小丑形象的變化”。1．a(chǎn)ppearv.出現(xiàn)；呈現(xiàn)；顯現(xiàn)2．a(chǎn)dvertisementn.廣告3．costumen.戲裝，服裝1．forgenerations世世代代2.aslongas只要Ⅱ七選五(2022·銀川一中高三第4次月考)ThehitmovieNottingHillbeginswithafamousscene.HughGrantbumpsintoJuliaRobertsandpoursorangejuicealloverher.Afterthebump,Grantrepeatedlysays,“Iamsosorry.Iamsosorry.”__1__IfRoberts'characterwerefromBritainthenshewouldprobablyapologizerepeatedlyaswell—evenifthebumpwerenotherfault.Butthisdoesn'thappeninthefilm,asRobertsisfromtheUS.AreportinTheTelegraphlastweeksaidthatthree-quartersofBritishpeopleapologizewhentheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet—regardlessofwhethertheyareresponsibleornot.Infact,weBritonsuse“sorry”inmanysituations.Forexample,ifwemishearsomeone,wesay“Sorry？”Thepersonwearetalkingtowillalsoapologizebyreplying:“No,Iamsorry！”__2__Lifeisneverassimpleas“duibuqi”and“meiguanxi”．__3__Traditionally,“sorry”wasusedtoexpressdeepregret,butasurveyin2017showedthatweuseittomeananythingfrom“what”to“whatever”．__4__MarkTyrell,apsychologywriterintheUK,thinksaboutourapologetictendenciesarerootedintheBritishclasssystem.WesaysorrybecausehistoricallythenewmiddleclassesinBritainhadtoapologizefornotbeingworkingclass,butalsofornotreallybeingupperclass.__5__Forexample,ifyoubumpintosomeonetheymightgetangry.Toavoidthisweinstantlysay“Sorry！”.Truemannersareaboutbeingconsiderateandthemoderndayhobbywithapologizingshowsthatweareperhapsnotasthoughtfulasweoncewere.Thewordhaslostsomeofitsmeaning.Doyouseemypoint?Sorry,itmightjustbeaBritishthing.A．WhyareBritonssosorry?B．Britishpeoplearesincerewhilesayingsorry.C．Howweuse“sorry”haschanged.D．Sayingsorrywhennecessaryisagoodmanner.E．Thiscangoonforuptofiveminutesaswecompeteoverwhoisthemostsorry.F．Anothertheoryisthatweapologizetoavoidconfrontation(沖突)．G．HisactionsinthissceneareveryBritish.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹英國人在日常生活中經(jīng)常說“對不起”的社會習(xí)俗，說明了它的社會影響和背后的原因。1．G由后句中的“IfRoberts'characterwerefromBritainthenshewouldprobablyapologizerepeatedlyaswell(如果Roberts扮演的角色來自英國，她可能也會一再道歉)”可知，Grant在這個場景中的行為很有英國特色。結(jié)合選項可知，G項正確。故選G。2．E由前文“ifwemishearsomeone,wesay‘Sorry？’Thepersonwearetalkingtowillalsoapologizebyreplying:‘No,Iamsorry！’”可知，兩個人會為誰最深感抱歉而競爭。結(jié)合選項可知，E項正確。故選E。3．C由后句“Traditionally,‘sorry’wasusedtoexpressdeepregret,butasurveyin2017showedthatweuseittomeananythingfrom‘what’to‘whatever’．”可知，傳統(tǒng)上，“sorry”被用來表達深深的遺憾，但2017年的一項調(diào)查顯示，我們用它來表達從“what”到“whatever”的任何意思。說明我們使用“對不起”的方式及內(nèi)涵已經(jīng)改變了。結(jié)合選項可知，C項正確。故選C。4．A由后句“MarkTyrell,apsychologywriterintheUK,thinksaboutourapologetictendenciesarerootedintheBritishclasssystem.”可知，英國心理學(xué)作家MarkTyrell認(rèn)為，我們的道歉傾向根植于英國的階級制度。