2021高考英語(yǔ)必刷題集錦

（一）、江蘇省蘇州中學(xué)調(diào)研閱讀7選5WithoutHerNameItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatPrideandPrejudicebyEnglishnovelistJaneAustenisoneofthemostpopulartaleseverwritten.Butbehindtheglobaladmirationsheenjoystodayliesasadfact.1InPrideandPrejudice,shewassimplytheauthorofSenseandSensibility,whichhadcarriedthetitle“ByaLady."Theanonymity（匿名）workedsowellthatevenfriendsoftheAustenfamilyhadnoideathatdear,sweetJanewasanovelist.AfriendofJane'sbrotherHenryactuallytoldhimthatPrideandPrejudicewas“muchtooclevertobetheworkofawoman.”2TomPaine,aFoundingFatheroftheUnitedStates,kepthisidentityhiddenforashorttimeafterthepublicationofhisfamousCommonSense.Forawoman,however,therewastheaddedburdenofsocietalexpectations.Anysortofpublishingorpublicdisplayoftalentwasconsideredimproperbehaviorforawoman.Itwasn'tonlyfearabout“badmanners”thatdiscouragedwomenfromwritingundertheirownnames.3CharlotteBronte,authorofJaneEyre,oncesentherpoetrytoRobertSouthey,afamouspoet.Southeysimplyresponded:“Literaturecannotbethebusinessofawoman'slife."Bronteusedherpenname,CurrerBell,topublishJaneEyrein1847.HersisterEmilypublishedWutheringHeightsasElliesBellinthesameyear.4MaryShelley'sFrankenstein（《科學(xué)人》）hadcomeoutwithouthernamein1818.MaryAnneEvanswroteMiddlemarchandherothernovelsunderthepennameGeorgeEliot.The20thcenturysawgreatprogresstowardsgenderequality.Intheory,itshouldbeunnecessaryforwomenwriterstofollowAusten'spathanylonger,unlessdrivenbypersonalreasons.5JoanneRowling,authoroftheHarryPotternovels,wasadvisedtobecomeJ.K.Rowling.That'sbecauseboysmightdislikethefeelingofpickingupabookbyawoman.ConnieAnnKirkexplainedinherbiographyofRowling.JaneAustenhasattractedagreatdealofcriticalattentioninrecentyears.Women'swritingwasseldomtakenseriously.Politicians,forreasonsofsafety,alsofrequentlychosetobeinvisible.Inpractice,howevercertainprejudicesjustwon'tgoaway.Ina2016interview,ItaliannovelistElenaFerranteclaimedheruseofapennameletherconcentrateonwriting.inherowntime,Austen'snameneverappearedonherbooks.SZYuanJieTheyjoinedalonglistofwomenauthorswhofelttheyhadtohide.完型填空FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromes（綜合征）sometimeshaverevealingfacialfeatures,butusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneural（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）networkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltaneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They 4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedAIto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork'sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations（父異）thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It'sclearlynot7,butit'sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthataremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,10usesuchtechniquesto11againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.12,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybe13forusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbringsignificant14forthosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,theprocessofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthenbeconfirmedthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand, 15 ,helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.1.A.convincingB.practicalC.reliableD.tricky2.A.narrowdownB.resultinC.bringaboutD.arisefrom3.A.waitB.returnC.mailD.feed4.A.focusedB.touchedC.basedD.trainedSZYuanJie5.A.adjustB.identifyC.changeD.cure6.A.recognizedB.showedC.testedD.acquired7.A.perfectB.acceptableC.specificD.workable8.A.coveredB.highlightedC.excludedD.monitored9.A.privacyB.accuracyC.realityD.objectivity10.A.legallyB.regularlyC.secretlyD.efficiently11.A.voteB.fightC.argueD.discriminate12.A.FurthermoreB.SimilarlyC.OtherwiseD.However13.A.availableB.impossibleC.readyD.rare14.A.challengesB.damagesC.benefitsD.concerns15.A.bycontrastB.onthecontraryC.inadditionD.inturn語(yǔ)法填空HowDoAvalanches(雪崩)HappenIfyou'reeverskiinginthemountains,you'llhavetobeawareofavalanches.Anavalancheisasuddenflowofsnowdownaslope,suchasamountain.Theamountofsnowinanavalanchevariesbasedonmanythings,butitcanbesuchahugeamount1itcanburythebottomofaslopeindozensoffeetofsnow.Avalanches2becausedbynaturalthings.Forexample,newsnoworraincancausebuilt-upsnowtoloosenandfalldownthesideofamountain.Artificialtriggers(誘發(fā)因素)canalsocauseavalanches.Forexample,snowmobiles,skiers,andexplosives3(know)toleadtoavalanches.Avalanchesusuallyoccurduringthewinterandspring,4snowfallisgreatest.Astheyaredangeroustoanylivingbeingsintheirpath,avalancheshavedestroyedforests,roads,railroadsandevenentiretowns.Warningsignsexistthatallowexpertstopredict--andoftenprevent--avalanchesfromoccurring.Whenoverafootoffreshsnowfalls,expertsknowtobeonthelookoutforavalanches.Explosivescanbeusedinplaces5massivesnowbuildupstotriggermuchsmalleravalanchesthatdon'tpose6dangertopersonsorproperty.Whendeadlyavalanchesdooccur,themovingsnowcanquicklyreachover80milesperhour.Skierscaughtinsuchavalanchescanbeburiedunderdozensoffeetofsnow.7it'spossibletodigoutofsuchavalanches,notallareabletoescape.Ifyougettossedaboutbyanavalancheandfindyourself8(bury)undermanyfeetofsnow,youmightnothaveatruesenseofwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdown.SomeavalancheSZYuanJievictimshavetriedtodigtheirwayout,onlytofindthattheywereupsidedownanddiggingthemselvesfartherunderthesnow9thantothetop!Expertssuggestthatpeoplecaughtinanavalanche10（try）todigaroundyoutocreateaspaceforair,soyoucanbreathemoreeasily.Then,doyourbesttofigureoutwhichwayisupanddiginthatdirectiontoreachthesurfaceandsignalrescuers.（二卜2019-2020蘇州市高二第二學(xué)期期中期中調(diào)研閱讀7選5Thethoughtoftenoccurstousthatifonlywehadalittlemoretimeinthedaywecoulddoallthethingswewanttodo.1,butbyimprovingtimemanagementskillswecanbemoreproductiveandhavemoretimeforourselvesandourhobbies.2.Itseemscorny（老生常談的），butactuallyputtingdownonpaperthethingswehavetogetdoneandwatchingthelistgrowshorterasthedayprogressescanbeawonderfulwaytoimproveourproductivity.Scheduleblocksoftimeforeachtask.Ifwehavenotgivenourselvesenoughtimetofinishourtasks,butwemustmoveontosomethingelse,trytomakeuptimewithanothertaskonourlist.3Markourlistinorderofpriority（優(yōu)先）.Themostimportanttasksshouldbedealtwithfirst.4,butthepointofimprovingtimemanagementskillsistogettheimportanttaskstakencareofregularly.Bereasonableaboutwhatwecanaccomplisheachday. 5Itmaymeanthatwehavetocutourtelevisiontimeinhalf,butourdailylistscanbecomemoremanageablewithtime.Makeato-dolistCutyourlargerprojectsintopiecesThisway,wecangetwhatwemustcompletedoneYoucanimproveyourefficiencytogetmorethingsdoneUnfortunately,wecan'tchangethose24hoursinadayto30TherearesomethingswemayhavetoputofffromonedaytotheotherWeneedtostartbyseeingwhenwehavefreetimeandcouldbemoreproductive完形填空IrunadesignstudioinNewYork.Everysevenyears,Icloseitforoneyearto1forsomelittleexperiments,thingsthatarealwaysdifficultto2duringtheregularworkingyears.Inthatyear,wearenot3foranyofourclientsandwearetotallyclosed.Asyoucanimagine,itisalovelyandveryenergetictime.I4hadopenedthestudioinNewYorkto5mytwoloves,musicanddesign.Andwecreatedvideosandpackagingformanymusiciansthatyouknow,andforevenmorethatyou'veneverheardof.AsI6,justlikewithmany,manythingsinmylifethatIactuallylove,Iadapttoit.AndIget,overtime,7bythem.Andforsure,inourcase,our8startedtolookthesame.Youseehereaglasseyeinadie（模子）cutofabook.Quitethe9idea,then,aperfumepackagedina10,inadiecut.SoIdecidedtocloseitdownforoneyear.SZYuanJieAlsoistheknowledgethatrightnowwespendaboutthefirst25yearsofourlives11,thenthereisanother40yearsthat'sreally12forworking.Andthenattheendofitareabout15yearsforretirement.AndIthoughtitmightbe13tobasicallycutofffiveofthoseretirementyearsandputtheminbetweenthoseworkingyears.That'sclearlyenjoyableformyself.Butprobablyevenmoreimportantisthattheworkthatcomesoutofthese14flowsbackintothecompanyandintosocietyatlarge,ratherthanjust15agrandchildortwo....1.A.tryB.accountC.argueD.wait2.A.imagineB.recognizeC.accomplishD.predict3.A.availableB.suitableC.alternativeD.effective4.A.casuallyB.eventuallyC.obviouslyD.originally5.A.expressB.combineC.enlargeD.evaluate6.A.wonderedB.profitedC.realizedD.reminded7.A.excitedB.alarmedC.addictedD.bored8.A.workB.appearanceC.videoD.studio9.A.unusualB.similarC.reasonableD.interesting10.A.bottleB.bookC.glassD.case11.A.learningB.playingC.searchingD.adjusting12.A.monitoredB.limitedC.reservedD.removed13.A.helpfulB.astonishingC.abnormalD.amusing14.A.designsB.ideasC.yearsD.musicians15.A.educatingB.lovingC.blamingD.benefiting語(yǔ)法填空Wealllovetotakephotographs.Itisasimplewaytocaptureaspecialmomentor1amazingview.Traditionalcameras2(use)totakepicturesinthepastdecades.Butthebiggestchangehascome3thedevelopmentofdigitaltechnology.Nowwehavethesmartphone4hasmadetakingphotos5(quick)andeasier.It'senabledustotakeaphotoandreviewitinstantly,tohandleitusingsoftwareandtoshareitlikeneverbefore--6(particular)onsocialmedia.Doesthatmeanthetraditionalcamerawilleventuallybecomeout-of-date?7(figure)fromJapanshowshipments(運(yùn)送)ofdigitalcamerasfromcompanieslikeCanonandNikonhavedropped39%yearonyear.ButPhilHall,editorofTechRadar,thinksthere'snothing8(worry)aboutbecauseproducersarelookingathigher-endcameras.Certainly,the9(grow)ofsmartphonesopensoureyestothecreativepossibilitiestheyprovide.Butwhatevercameraviewfinder取景器)weendup10(look)through,itisimportanttorememberthebasicsofphotographyandgetyoursubjecttosay“cheese!”閱讀理解ALightisacomplexphenomenonclassicallyexplainedwithasimplemodelbasedonraysandwavefronts.Manyoftheaspectsoflighthavebeenexplored,butfewpeoplenoticethemhappeningintheirreallives.Forexample,mostofusobservesometypeofopticalinterferencealmostdaily,butusuallydon'trealizetheeventsinplaybehindtheever-changingdisplayofcolorsproducedwhenlightwavesinterferewitheachother.Oneofthebestexamplesofinterferenceisshownbythelightreflectedfromafilmofoilfloatingonwater.Anotherexampleisthethinfilmofasoapbubble,SZYuanJiewhichreflectsaseriesoflightwithbeautifulcolorswhenshinedbynaturalorman-madelightsources.Electromagneticradiation（電磁輻射）,thelargerfamilyofwave-likephenomenatowhichvisiblelightbelongs,istheprimaryvehicletransportingenergythroughthevastreachesoftheuniverse.Themeansbywhichvisiblelightissentoutorabsorbed,andhowitpredictablyreactsunderdifferentconditionsasittravelsthroughspaceandtheatmosphere,formthebasisoftheexistenceofcolorinouruniverse.Thehumaneyeissensitivetoaformofelectromagneticradiationthatliesinthewavelengthrangebetween400and700nanometers（內(nèi)米），commonlyknownasthevisiblelightspectrum,whichistheonlysourceofcolor.Whencombined,allofthewavelengthspresentinvisiblelightformcolorlesswhitelight.Red,green,andbluecolorsareclassicallyconsideredtheprimarycolorsbecausetheyarefundamentaltohumanvision.Lightisobservedaswhitebyhumanswhenoureyesareaffectedbyequalamountsofred,green,andbluelightatthesametime.Theconceptofcolortemperatureisofgreatimportanceinphotographyanddigitalimaging,regardlessofwhethertheimagecapturedeviceisacameraoramicroscope.Alackofpropercolortemperaturebalancebetweenthemicroscopelightsourceandtheimagesensoristhemostcommonreasonforunexpectedcolorshiftsinphotomicrography（顯微照相術(shù)）anddigitalimaging.Ifthecolortemperatureofthelightsourceistoolowforthefilm,photomicrographswillhaveanoverallyellowishorreddishcastandwillappearwarm.Ontheotherhand,whenthecolortemperatureofthelightsourceistoohighforthefilm,photomicrographswillhaveabluecastandwillappearcool.Asproblematicasthesecolorshiftsmayseem,they'realwayseasilycorrectedbytheproperuseofconversionandlightbalancingfilters（濾光器）.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothe1stparagraphofthepassage?Mostofusaren'texplicitabouthowcolorsareproduced.Lightisclassicallydefinedintermsofraysandwavefronts.Peoplecanunderstandopticalinterferencebywatchingfilms.Shinedbynaturalorman-madelightsources,filmsreflectaseriesoflight.Whatcanwelearnaboutelectromagneticradiation?Itmovesinastraightline.Colororiginatesfromit.Greenlightsarenotpartofit.Itswavelengthcan'tbe500nanometers.ThecolorshiftsonphotomicrographsaredifficulttogetrightonceformedarecausedbythehighcolorsmoreoftenprovethathowimportantthecolortemperatureisinimagingarecausedbythehighcolortemperatureofthelightsourceWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Lightandimaging B.LightandcolorC.Lightandtemperature D.LightandradiationBToday'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence,acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.SZYuanJieBYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“TherearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleWalkeaIsadK'ThiPadillaresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess."Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主權(quán)）.Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.1.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Explaintherulestothem. D.Controltheirbehaviors.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Childrenagedfrom11to14. B.Singleparents.C.Authoritarianfathers. D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.（三）、江蘇省昆山中學(xué)調(diào)研袁杰整理閱讀7選5Whenyouthinkaboutadeadlyanimal,youmaythinkofashark,alion,orevenanelephant.However,thetruthisthatthedeadliestanimalintheworldismuchsmallerandmoreannoying.1Anditfeedsonhumanblood,transportingnumerousdiseasesfromonepersontothenext.Figureitout,yet?Yes,it'sthemosquito.SZYuanJieThenumbersdon'tlie:AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,morethan725,000peopleworldwidearekilledbymosquito-bornediseaseseachyear.Thesediseasesincludemalaria瘧疾)denguefever,yellowfever,andencephalitis,2"Beingabletoadapteasilytonewenvironmentsisoneofthereasonswhymosquitoesarethemostdeadly,"BumsBlackwell,anexpertinpestcontrolsaid.3Mosquitoeshavelearnedtolayeggsinaslittleasafewsmalldropsofwaterandeachfemalemosquitocanlaybetween50and500eggsonce.Theirpopulationsalsoreachthehighestpointatdifferenttimesindifferentareasallovertheworld,makingitnearlyimpossibletoavoidbeingbitten.4Inareaswheretherearetoomanymosquitoes,localauthoritiestrytocontrolthepopulationthroughroutinepesticide(殺蟲(chóng)劑)applications."Weshouldprotectourselvesbyavoidingplaceswherethereistoomuchwater,"saidBernardCohen,MD,aprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine.5Wearbugrepellent(驅(qū)蟲(chóng)劑)thatcontainsDEET(upto30percent)whenheadingoutdoors,andreapplyitabouteveryfourhours.Mostofthediseasescanbecuredinashorttime.Therearemorethan100varietiesofthisthingonearth.Healsostressesthatalittleprotectionwillgoalongway.Andeverybiteincreasestheriskofgettingaseriousdisease.Mosquitoestakemuchinterestingettingintouchwithchildren.Malariaisthemosthorrible,killingatleast600,000peopleayear.Anotherreasontheinsectsaresodeadlyisthattheyproducequickly.語(yǔ)法填空HighontheQinghai-TibetPlateau1(lie)China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan.ItishometotheheadwatersofChina'sthreerivers:theYellowRiver,YangtzeRiver,andLancang(Mekong)River.Itisthethreerivers2providewaterforabouthalfthepopulationofChina.However,humanactivitiesareputtingthisecosystem3risk.Hopefully,though,wecanchangethisdamage.In2016,theChinesegovernmentbuiltSanjiangyuanNationalParkinQinghaiprovince.Thepark,4(schedule)toopenin2020,hasincreasedthearea'sgreencoverageandattractedmorewildlife.Thelocalgovernmenthasalsomadegreatefforttoimprovebiologicaldiversity.ThesuccessofSanjiangyuanwillmarkthestartofa5(green)future.WithSanjiangyuan6(take)thelead,nineotherregionsinChina7(choose)byafieldconservationstationtocarryoutprojectsoverthepastthreeyears,8willformanationalparksystemtogether.TheideaofanationalparksystemisstillnewinChina,but9(it)realizationisurgent.Afterall,buildinganecologicalcivilizationbearsgreat10(important)inthedevelopmentandprogressofhumancivilization.SZYuanJie（四）、江蘇省前黃中學(xué)調(diào)研閱讀7選5Manyhealthcareworkersknowthatwashinghandsisimportanttopreventthespreadofinfectiousdisease.1DuringastudyconductedbyNicasandBestatBerkleyUniversity,theycountedthenumberoftimespeopletouchedtheirfacewiththeirhands.2Whetherweareawareofouractionsornot,mostofuscanagreethatwetouchourfacewithourhandsfrequentlyenough.Imaginethatyouareabletorecordafulldayofyouractions.Betteryet,reflectonwhatyoudidwhenyouwokeupyesterdaymorning.Letmegiveyouanideaofmypreviousmorning.Iwaswokenbythealarmclockat6am.3ThenIcheckedmyphoneformessages,turnedontheTVformymorningnews,startedmakingmycoffeeandfinallyhittheshower.Itwasn,teven5minutesfromthetimeIawokeandIalreadytoucheddifferentobjects.Thepointofthisistobeawarethateveninourhomesweareexposedtogermsinplaceswedon,trealize.Luckily,thehumanbodyhasamazingdefenseagainstharmfulgerms.4Ourwhitebloodcellsarelikesoldierscomingtotherescue.Unfortunately,therearealotofareasonourfacethatdonothavetheprotectionofskinsuchastheeyesandmouth.There,sareasontoeverywiseproverbandourparentsannoyingustowashourhandsbeforedinnerisnotfornothing.5Ifyouhavechildren,itisevenmoreimportanttosettheexamplebecausechildrenareknowntolearnfromadults.Let,sstartagoodhabitofwashinghands.Asforyourfriends,don,tbeshyaboutcheckingtomakesuretheirhandsareclean.Askingsomeoneiftheyhavewashedtheirhandsiscaring.Checkingtoseeifsomeonehaswashedtheirhandswillbenefitnotonlythatperson,butyouandyourfamily.Ourskinisthefirstlineofdefense.Severalminuteslater,Iturnedoffthealarmclock.Itiseasyforustoadmitthatwewashourhandsregularly.Theyaremoreself-awarethathandwashingshouldbepracticedasneeded.Mostimportantly,itisourdutytosettherightexampleforfriendsandfamily.Theyfoundthatthesubjectstouchedtheirface15.7timesperhouronaverage.Dotherestofyourfamilymembers,especiallychildren,washtheirhandsregularly?語(yǔ)法填空Whenyouthinkofrobots,whatisthefirstthingthatcomestoyourmind?DoyouthinkofsciencefictionmovieslikeStarWars1robotsofallshapesandsizesarepartofdailySZYuanJielife?Robotswereoncejustaproductoffiction.TheworditselfcomesfromtheplayRossum'sUniversalRobots,2(write)in1920byKareiCapek.Todaymostrobotsdon'tlookhuman.Theyappearinmanyformsand3(program)toperformawidevarietyofthings,fromworkinginfactories4exploringthesurfaceofMars.Butthereisasurprisingproblemintheworldofrobots:Whathumansfindeasyis5(extreme)complicatedforarobot.Forexample,pickingupclothesinamessyroomissimpleforhumans,6itisdifficultforrobotstodothat.7problemisprogrammingarobottopickupsomeobjectsofdifferentshapesandsizeswithoutdamagingthem.Itshowsthatoneofthemostdifficultthings8(improve)inrobotsistheirflexibility.Exciting9(develop)inmakinghuman-likehandsandlegsareunderway.Butthebiggestadvancementsaretoteachrobotstoguesswhattheycandoand10theyhelpuswithdailytasks.(五)、江蘇省南師大附中調(diào)研閱讀7選5Thebigexaminationisapproaching.Assignmentsandtestswillkeepmanyofyouuplateatnight,andyoumayplantomakeupforyourlostsleepduringtheweekends.1Astudyshowsthatthehabitofsleepinginonweekendsdoesn'tfixthedamagedonebyalackofsleepduringtheweek.2Inthestudy,36healthyyoungmenandwomenwithdifferentsleeprequirementsweredividedintothreegroups.Thefirstandsecondgroupswereaskedtosleepninehoursandfivehoursanightrespectively.Themembersofthethirdgroupsleptforfivehoursonweekdaysbutrestedaslongastheywantedontheweekend.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewholackedsleepatemoresnacksandgainedweightquickly.3Thatcouldbepartiallyduetotheshifting(變化)ofthebiologicalclockandchangestocertainbodyhormones,especiallyhungerhormones.4So,theirbiologicalclocksshifted,whichalsochangedthereleaseofhungerhormones."Thehormoneleptin(瘦素)decreasesappetite,whilethehormoneghrelin饑餓素)increasesappetite,"explainedUSresearcherVsevolodPolotsky."Sleepdeprivationcausesleptintodropandghrelintorise,soyou,rehungryandeatmore.”Andeveniftheytriedtosleepforaslongastheywantedtoduringweekends,accordingtoresearchers,itwasstillnotenoughtomeetstandardsleeptimebecausetheyfounditdifficulttofallasleep.Moreover,theyweremorelikelytoshowincreasedsensitivitytoinsulin(胰島素)inboththeirmusclesandtheirlivers,“5”P(pán)olotskytoldCNN,because“short,insufficientsleepscheduleswillleadtoaninabilitytochangebloodsugarandincreasetheriskofmetaboli新陳代謝的)diseaseinthelongterm.”Forthisreason,theAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicinerecommendsatleastsevenhoursofSZYuanJiesleepeachnightforadultsandmuchmoreforchildren.Butwhatnegativeeffectsdoesitbringabout?However,thiswasn'tthecaseforthefirstgroup.Butisitusefultohavesuchrecoverysleep?Evenworse,itmaydamageyourhealth.Thateffectcouldverywellbewhywedon'tseebenefitsslerpmweekendTocatchuponsleepduringweekends,peopleinthethirdgroupwouldhabituallyeatlater.Thathelpsexplainwhywehaveanincreasedriskforthingslikediabeteswhenlackingsleep.完型填空Christmaswasnearaseasonthatwetookseriouslyinourhouse.Butaweekorsobeforethe25th,myfatherwouldgiveeachofhischildren$20.Thiswasthe1970s,and$20wasquiteabitofmoney.ButIsawit1 .Myfathertrustedmetohavethe2tospendmoneywisely.Evenbetter,hegavemethemeanstogetit.Onaverybasiclevel,myfatherwasgivingmeashoppingspree(狂歡)everyyear.Buthewasalsogivingme3overmyownfun,trustingmyabilityto4moneyandmakingmefeellikea(n)5.Hedidn'tbuymeSherlockHolmes,but