新課堂英語(yǔ)必修三人教課改地區(qū)專用版講義Unit4PartⅢ

PartⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguageⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1.climaten.氣候2.pulln.&vt.拉(力)，拖，牽引力3.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮動(dòng)，(使)漂浮n.漂浮物4.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落5.satelliten.衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星6.gravityn.萬(wàn)有引力；重力7.spaceshipn.宇宙飛船8.gentleadj.溫和的；文雅的→gentlyadv.溫和地9.physicistn.物理學(xué)家→physicsn.物理學(xué)→physicaladj.物理的；物理學(xué)的；體力的Ⅱ.核心短語(yǔ)1.as__a__result結(jié)果2.block__out擋住(光線)3.cheer__up感到高興；感到振奮4.now__that既然5.getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解6.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防7.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等的)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeas__strong__a__pull__astheearth’s.當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwice__as__far__asontheearthandfellover.當(dāng)我盡力向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。3.“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow__that__gravity__has__changed.”“天哪，”我大聲說(shuō)，“既然重力改變了，看來(lái)走路也的確需要練一練了?！?.Wewatched，amazed__as__fire__broke__outontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。1.合成詞匯：名詞＋名詞→名詞space(太空)＋ship(船)→spaceship(宇宙飛船)?由spaceship想到的①web＋site→website(網(wǎng)址)②home＋work→homework(家庭作業(yè))③air＋line→airline(航班)④basket＋ball→basketball(籃球)2.名詞后綴：－ist①biologyn.生物＋ist→biologistn.生物學(xué)家②physicsn.物理＋ist→physicistn.物理學(xué)家③geologyn.地理＋ist→geologistn.地質(zhì)學(xué)家

原文呈現(xiàn)AVISITTO①THEMOONLastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachanceto②makeatrip③intospacewithmyfriendLiYanping，anastronomer.Wevisitedthemooninourspaceship④！Beforeweleft，LiYanpingexplainedtome⑤thattheforceofgravity⑥wouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.Thenwewereoff⑦.Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackinto⑧ourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepull⑨oftheearth’sgravity.Itwassohardthatwecouldnotsayanythingtoeachother.Gradually⑩theweightlessened?andIwasabletotalktohim.“Whyisthespaceshipnotfallingbackto?theearth?OntheearthifIfallfromatreeIwillfalltotheground.”Iasked.“Wearetoofarfrom?theearthnowtofeelitspull，”heexplained，“sowefeelasifthereisnogravityatall.Whenwegetcloserto?themoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypulling?us，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.”Icheeredup?immediatelyandfloated?weightlessly?aroundinourspaceshipcabin?watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.Whenwegotthere，Iwantedtoexploreimmediately.“Comeon?，”Isaid.“Ifyouareright，myweightwillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerandIwillbeabletomovemorefreely.ImightevengrowtallerifIstayherelongenough.Ishallcertainlyweighless！”Ilaughedandclimbeddownthestepsfromthespaceship.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellovereq\o(○,\s\up7(22)).“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthateq\o(○,\s\up7(23))gravityhaschanged.”AfterawhileIgotthehangofeq\o(○,\s\up7(24))itandwebegantoenjoyourselveseq\o(○,\s\up7(25)).Leavingthemoon’sgravitywasnotaspainfulasleavingtheearth’s.Butreturningtotheearthwasveryfrightening.Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeouteq\o(○,\s\up7(26))ontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.Againwewerepushedhardintoourseatsaswecamebacktoland.“Thatwasveryexhaustingeq\o(○,\s\up7(27))butveryexcitingtoo，”Isaid.“NowIknowmuchmoreaboutgravity!Doyouthinkwecouldvisitsomestarsnexttime？”“Ofcourse，”hesmiled，“whichstarwouldyouliketogoto？”閱讀清障①名詞visit后接to，意為“到……的旅行”，to為介詞。②haveachancetodosth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事③makeatrip(＝takeatrip＝goonatrip)去旅行④inourspaceship乘坐我們的宇宙飛船byspaceship乘宇宙飛船spaceship/'speIs?Ip/n.宇宙飛船⑤explainsthtosb向某人解釋某事。本句explain的賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)that從句，因?yàn)樘L(zhǎng)而后移了。⑥theforceofgravity地心引力※LiYanpingexplainedtomethat...andthat...中，that引導(dǎo)的從句作explained的賓語(yǔ)。⑦beoff離開，起飛。在本句中相當(dāng)于takeoff。⑧push...backinto...把……推回到……⑨pull/p?l/n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力pulldown拆毀pullon/off匆忙穿上/匆忙脫掉※so...that...如此……以至于……，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。⑩graduallyadv.逐漸地，逐步地，漸漸地?lessen/'lesn/vi.&vt.減少；減輕?fallbackto落回到?befarfrom離……很遠(yuǎn)?getcloseto接近，靠近?feelsb/sthdoingsth感到某人/某物在做某事※asstrongapullas為“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)。?cheerup感到高興；感到振奮?float/fl??t/vi.&vt.(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物?weightlessly/'weItlIslI/adv.失重地?cabin/'k?bIn/n.小屋；船艙※現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。watchsb/sthdosth觀察某人/某物做某事。?comeon快點(diǎn)兒。常用于祈使句中以鼓勵(lì)某人，意為“快點(diǎn)兒，加油”。eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))stepforward朝前走，向前邁步※twiceasfaras“……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。倍數(shù)表示法：倍數(shù)(twice，threetimes...)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))fallover跌倒，摔倒※動(dòng)名詞walking在此處作主語(yǔ)。does是助動(dòng)詞，用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，常譯為“確實(shí)”，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))nowthat既然(引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))enjoyoneself盡情地玩；玩得高興※動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Leavingthemoon’sgravity作主語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)突發(fā)，爆發(fā)eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))exhaust/Iɡ'z?:st/vt.用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡Ⅰ.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalk?Thepassagemainlytalksaboutmy__visit__to__the__moon.Ⅱ.Readthepassageandtrytofindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.Para.1：We__visited__the__moon__in__our__spaceship!Para.2：Before__we__left，Li__Yanping__explained__to__me...the__most__powerful.Para.3：When__we__got__there，I__wanted__to__explore__immediately.Para.4：But__returning__to__the__earth__was__very__frightening.Ⅲ.Readthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1.Whenweweregoingup，wefelt________.A.wewerepressedagainstourseatsB.wewerelighterthanweareontheearthC.asifwewereflyingD.therocketwasshakingstrongly2.Whycan’tthespaceshipfallbacktotheearth?A.Becausethemoon’sgravitypullsitup.B.Becauseitistoofarawayfromtheearth.C.Becausetheearthhasnogravity.D.Becausethespaceshipisnotveryheavy.3.WhenIwasonthemoon，IfeltIwas________thanIamontheearth.A.slower B.heavierC.cleverer D.lighter4.Ifababyisgrowingonthemoon，whenhegrowsup，hewillgrow________thanheisontheearth.A.taller B.shorterC.fatter D.thinner5.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whatthemoonisB.myvisittothemoonC.thedifferencebetweentheearthandthemoonD.LiYanping，myfriend，whoisanastronaut答案1.A2.B3.D4.A5.Bpulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.(教材P30)隨著火箭升入太空，由于我們?cè)谂昝摰厍虻囊?，我們被向后推在座位上。pullin(車輛)進(jìn)站?？浚豢窟呁？縫ullout駛出；拉出；拔出pullover路邊停車pullup(使)停下①Thetrainpulledinandallthepassengersgotoff.火車進(jìn)站了，所有的乘客都下了車。②Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpullout，withhiseyesfulloftears.那位父親眼含淚水看著載著他兒子的火車駛出站。③Shesawtheambulancecomingupbehindherandpulledover.她看到救護(hù)車從她后面過(guò)來(lái)了就靠路邊停了車。④Thecarpulledupwhenthelightturnedred.紅燈亮?xí)r，那輛轎車停了下來(lái)。1.cheer(sb)up感到高興；感到振奮Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.(教材P31)我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來(lái)飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來(lái)越小，而(前方的)月球越來(lái)越大。cheersbup使某人振作起來(lái)cheerfor為……而歡呼①Uponarrivingattheclassroom，theauthorwascheeredupbyawarmwelcome.一走進(jìn)教室，作者因?yàn)闊崃业臍g迎而高興起來(lái)。②Let’sgotothefootballgameandcheerforourfavoriteteam.咱們?nèi)タ醋闱虮荣悾瑸樵蹅冏钕矏鄣那蜿?duì)吶喊助威。2.nowthat既然“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”(教材P31)“天哪，”我大聲說(shuō)，“重力改變了，看來(lái)走路的確需要練一練了?！眅q\x(nowthat“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的that可以省略。)①Nowthateveryoneishere，let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到齊了，我們就開始開會(huì)吧。②Now__that__dinner__is__ready，washyourhands.既然晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了，你去洗手吧。[名師點(diǎn)津]引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞還有：since，because，as，considering(that)，inthat等。3.breakout突發(fā)；爆發(fā)Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.(教材P31)我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。breakup解散；打碎breakin進(jìn)入；插話breakawayfrom...脫離……breakdown發(fā)生故障；(精神、身體)垮掉；分解breakinto強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入(某處)；突然開始(大笑、歡呼等)①Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab，alotofequipmentwasdestroyed.實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，很多設(shè)備被毀。②Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作的話，你遲早會(huì)累垮的。③Athiefbrokeintomyhouseandstolemynecklace.一個(gè)小偷闖進(jìn)我家偷走了我的項(xiàng)鏈。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)breakout強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病、火災(zāi)等的突然爆發(fā)。(2)breakout，takeplace，happen等動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：①終止性——不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)；②不及物——不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.watchout(for)密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防(教材P31)watchoutfor留意watchover照顧；監(jiān)督；保護(hù)①Watchout！Thereisacarcoming!注意！有輛車開過(guò)來(lái)了?、赪atchoutforthehaze；itmaydogreatharmtous.當(dāng)心這種霧霾天氣，它可能對(duì)我們?cè)斐珊艽髶p害。③Theremusthavebeenanangelwatchingovermethatday.那天一定有個(gè)天使在照看著我。[名師點(diǎn)津]watchout的同義短語(yǔ)還有l(wèi)ookout，takecare，becareful。1.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.(教材P31)當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。asstrongapullastheearth’s屬于“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“像……一樣的……”，其中的名詞必須是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，此結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句中可用“notso/as...as...”結(jié)構(gòu)。①Sheisasgoodateacherashermother.她和她媽媽一樣是位好老師。②Heisas__clever__a__boy__ashisbrother.他和他的哥哥一樣是個(gè)聰明的孩子。as...as結(jié)構(gòu)的其他幾種形式：as＋adj./adv.＋asasmuch＋不可數(shù)名詞＋asasmany＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as③You’vemadeas__many__mistakes__asIhave.你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的一樣多。④We’llgiveyouas__much__help__aswecan.我們將盡量幫助你。2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(教材P31)而當(dāng)我盡力向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。twiceasfaras...是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法，意為“是……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。英語(yǔ)中常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有：A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(jí)＋asBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋thanBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length...)＋of＋BA＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”①AnewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmostthreetimesaslargeasEarth.＝Anewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmosttwice__bigger__thanEarth.＝Anewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmostthree__times__the__size__ofEarth.最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一顆行星幾乎是地球的三倍大。②Theworld’spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.目前世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到當(dāng)時(shí)的六倍多。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)兩倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用...times表達(dá)。(2)前面的倍數(shù)還可以是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)等。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(碰撞)intothebackofabus.2.TheyoungmanknowslittleaboutNewton’slawofgravity(引力).3.Asweallknow，QianXuesenisafamousphysicist(物理學(xué)家).4.Thesmellofnewbreadfloated(飄動(dòng))upfromthekitchen.5.Don’tpull(拉)sohardorthehandlewillgooff.6.Hecheered(振奮)upatthethoughtofbuyinganewcar.7.Hearrivedhomeverylatelastnight，exhausted(精疲力盡的).8.Heisamangentle(文雅)inmannerbutfirminaction.Ⅱ.選詞填空breakout，cheerup，nowthat，blockout，watchout，getthehangof1.Theheavycurtainblocked__outthelight，whichmademeuncomfortable.2.Now__thatyouwouldn’tliketogothere，youcanstaywhereyouare.3.Theatmosphereintheclassroomrelaxedaftertheteacher’shumoroustalkcheeredusup.4.Toourgreatdisappointment，atradewarbroke__outbetweenthetwocountriesatlast.5.Itseemsdifficultatfirst，butyou’llsoonget__the__hang__ofit.6.Watch__outforcarswhenyoucrossthebusyroad.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子1.Jessicadevotedthree__times__as__much__time__and__energy__asshedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的時(shí)間和精力，所以我相信她這次能成功。2.Shehasas__attractive__a__voice__ashersister.她和她的姐姐一樣有著吸引人的嗓音。3.Hewentbackhome，tired__and__hungry.他回到家時(shí)又累又餓。4.Now__that__you’ve__got__a__chance，youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.你既然得到了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，不妨充分利用它。5.Last__night__a__fire__broke__out，causinggreatdamagetothehouse.昨天晚上，發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，給房子造成了很大損失。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Weputapieceofclothacrossthewindowtoblockoutthesunlight.2.Shewasalwaysgentlewiththechildreninthekindergarten.3.Afterfightingwithhisillnessmanyyears，thepatientpulledthroughfinally.4.Heisalovelyboy，verygentle(gently)andcaring.5.StephenHawkingwasaworldfamousBritishphysicist(physics).6.Hissisterisstudyingbiology(biologist)atcollege.7.Astronautsinaspaceshiphavetodowithweightless(weight)conditions.8.Theextinction(extinct)oftherareanimalsislargelyduetotheclimatechange.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Allthevisitorsweretoldtowatchoutthosedangerousanimalswhilevisitingthezoo.out后加for2.Thisriveristhreetimeslongthanthatone，flowingthrough11provinces.long→longer3.—WhatdoyouthinkofFrench?—Inmyopinion，F(xiàn)renchisasdifficultsubjectasEnglish.difficult后加a4.Weshouldtryourbesttocheeronthosepeopleafterthedisaster.on→up5.Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofuswentbackhome，exhausting.exhausting→exhaustedⅢ.課文語(yǔ)法填空Lastmonth，LiYanpingandImadeatriptothemoon，1.inaspaceship.Litoldmethatthegravityforcewouldchangethreetimes.First，2.whenweescapedthepulloftheearth’sgravity，we3.were__pushed(push)backintoourseats.Closertothemoon，therewas4.less(little)gravity.I5.cheered(cheer)upimmediatelyandfloated6.weightlessly(weight)aroundinourspaceshipcabin.Onthemoon，myweightwaslessthanontheearth.Walking7.did(do)needabitofpracticenowthatgravityhadchanged.AfterawhileIgotthehang8.ofitandwebegantoenjoy9.ourselves(our).Butreturningtotheearthwasvery10.frightening(frighten).Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship.Ⅳ.閱讀理解AReddwarfstars(紅矮星)canrangeinsizefromahundredtimessmallerthanthesun，toonlyacoupleoftimessmaller.Becauseoftheirsmallsizethesestarsburntheirfuelveryslowly，whichallowsthemtoliveaverylongtime.Somereddwarfstarswilllivetrillionsofyearsbeforetheyrunoutoffuel.Thenwhyarereddwarfstarsred？Becausereddwarfstarsonlyburnalittlebitoffuelatatime.Theyarenotveryhotcomparedtootherstars.Thinkofafire.Thecoolestpartofthefireatthetopoftheflameglowsred，thehotterpartinthemiddleglowsyellow，andthehottestpartnearthefuelglowsblue.Starsworkthesameway.Theirtemperaturesdeterminewhatcolortheywillbe.Thuswecandeterminehowhotastarisjustbylookingatitscolor.LiketheSun，thesemedium－sizedstarsareyellowbecausetheyhaveamediumtemperature.Theirhighertemperaturecausesthemtoburntheirfuelfaster.Thismeanstheywillnotliveaslong，onlyabout10billionyearsorso.Neartheendoftheirlives，thesemedium－sizedstarsswellupbecomingverylarge.WhenthishappenstotheSunitwillgrowtoengulf(吞沒(méi))eventheEarth.Finallytheyshrinkagain，leavingbehindmostoftheirgas.Thisgasformsabeautifulcloudaroundthestarcalledaplanetarynebula(行星狀星云).WhenwilltheSunexpandintoagiant，andthenshrinkleavingbehindaplanetarynebula?Don’tworry.TheSunisonlyabout5billionyearsold.Itstillhasanother5billionyearsbeforeitwillexpand，andthenturnintoaplanetarynebula.TheSunissohotthatwhenitdies，itwilltakealongtimetocooloff.Thesunwilldieinabout5billionyears，butitwillstillglowformanybillionsofyearsafterthat.Asitcools，itwillbewhatiscalledawhitedwarfstar.Finally，afterbillionsmaybeeventrillionsofyears，itwillstopglowing，atthatpointitwillbewhatwecallablackdwarfstar.TherearestillnoblackdwarfstarsintheUniverse.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了紅矮星和黃色星。1.Whydothereddwarfstarsburntheirfuelveryslowly?A.Becausetheyaresmall.B.Becausetheydon’tmovearound.C.Becausetheyarecool.D.Becausetheyreflectlightlikethemoon.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句話“Becauseoftheirsmallsizethesestarsburntheirfuelveryslowly...”可知選A項(xiàng)。]2.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Howreddwarfstarswork.B.Whyreddwarfstarsburnalittlefuel.C.Whyreddwarfstarsarered.D.Howtemperaturedeterminesthecolor.答案C[段落大意題。綜合第二段的內(nèi)容可知，本段開頭由一個(gè)問(wèn)句(為本段的主題句)引出作者要說(shuō)明的中心：紅矮星為什么是紅色的？然后通過(guò)類比來(lái)進(jìn)行解釋，因此C項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。]3.ThetitleontheunderlinebeforeParagraph3isprobably________.A.TheSunB.YellowStarsC.PlanetaryNebulaD.StarTemperature答案B[段落大意題?？v觀最后四段話可以看出：作者通過(guò)讀者所熟悉的、與黃色星相類似的太陽(yáng)相比較來(lái)對(duì)黃色星進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，最后三段話看似與黃色星無(wú)關(guān)，但實(shí)際上是對(duì)黃色星發(fā)展走向的一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)，故B項(xiàng)最佳。]4.Whichofthefollowingwebsitemaythispassagetakenfrom?.B.C.D.答案D[文章出處題。本文主要介紹了紅矮星和黃色星，與天文學(xué)有關(guān)，由此推斷本文是從與天文學(xué)有關(guān)的上摘錄的。]BEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematical(數(shù)學(xué))problem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However，HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton，whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(橢圓).NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(計(jì)算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531，1607，and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit，themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets，aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction(預(yù)言)ofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit，forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley’scomet，inhishonor.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了200多年前英國(guó)科學(xué)家哈雷以及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。5.Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A.bydoingexperimentsB.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC.byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD.bychance答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段“Hefiguredout(計(jì)算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.”可知應(yīng)選C。]6.Halleymadeasurprising，butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A.1704 B.1705C.1706 D.1707答案B[數(shù)字計(jì)算題。第五段中的“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley’spredictioncouldbetested.”這句話告訴我們：他預(yù)言彗星出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間是1758年，而這個(gè)預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過(guò)53年才能驗(yàn)證，由此可以推斷出哈雷做出這個(gè)預(yù)言的時(shí)間是1705年。]7.Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A.HalleyandotherscientistsB.theorbitofacometC.NewtonandHalleyD.Halleyandhisdiscovery答案D[主旨大意題。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。]8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B.Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C.Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D.Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可以看出A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；從第1題的分析中可知B項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤；牛頓告訴哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可排除D項(xiàng)。]Ⅴ.完形填空Inancienttimes，ourancestorscountedtheyearswith10celestial(天上的)stemsand12terrestrial(地下的)branches.Althoughthiswas__1__，mostpeoplewereilliterateandcouldnotmemorizeorcalculate__2__.Thustheanimalsthatinfluencedpeople’slives__3__tosymbolizetheterrestrialbranches：therat，ox，tiger，rabbit，dragon，snake，horse，sheep，monkey，rooster，dogandpig.Legendhas__4__thatonedaythegodsorderedthatanimalsbedesignatedasthe__5__ofeachyearwiththetwelvewhoarrivedfirst__6__.Atthattime，thecatandmousewere__7__friendsandneighbors.__8__theyheardofthisnews，thecatsaidtomouse，“Weshouldarriveearlyto__9__，butIusuallygetuplate.”Themousethen__10__toawakenhisfriendandtogotogether.__11__，inthemorningwhenhegotup，hewas__12__excitedtorecallhispromise，andwent__13__tothegatheringplace.Ontheway，themouse__14__thetiger，ox，horse，andotheranimalsthatranmuchfaster.Inordernottofallbehindthem，he__15__agoodidea.Hemadethestraightforwardoxcarryhim__16__hesangfortheox.Theoxandmousearrivedfirst.Theoxwashappy__17__thathewouldbethefirstsignoftheyears，butthemousehad__18__slidinfront，andbecamethefirstluckyanimaloftheChinesezodiac.Meanwhilehisneighborthecatwastoolate.Whenitfinallyarrived，theselectionsw