英語新設(shè)計人教版選修六講義Unit1PartⅡ

PartIIGrammar虛擬語氣（I）［思維導(dǎo)圖I對過去情況的虛擬反現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬

代條件句中）-：對將來情況的虛擬［虛擬語氣的省略用在wish之后的賓語從句中qq賓語從句中］-q賓語從句中］-f用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的賓語從旬中在q賓語從句中］-虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是客觀存在的事實，而是一種愿望、懷疑、假設(shè)或推測，它通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。.條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句分為三類：與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況；與過去事實相反的情況；與將來事實相反的情況。構(gòu)成如T：假設(shè)情況條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be的過去式常用were）would/should/might/could+動詞原形與將來事實相反①過去式②should+動詞原形③wereto+動詞原形would/should/might/could+動詞原形與過去事實相反過去完成式（had+過去分詞）would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞Ifhehadtimenow,hewould（could,might）gowithyou.要是他現(xiàn)在有時間，他會和你一起去的。（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould（could.might）havemetthefamoussinger.如果你早來幾分鐘，你就會見到那個著名歌手了。（與過去事實相反）Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪，他們就不會出去。（與將來事實相反）［名師點津］含有條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣使用時要注意以下幾點：（1）主句中的should只用于第一人稱I和we,但在美式英語中，should常被would代替：從句中的should可用于各種人稱。（2）在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞“be”的過去時態(tài)常用“were”，非正式文體中單數(shù)第三人稱也可用was。但I(xiàn)flwereyou...句式中，不用was。（3）虛擬條件句中有were,had,should時，可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主語前,用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.要是他們現(xiàn)在在這兒的話，就會幫助我們了。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣［名師點津］表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞后面的從句中用“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成虛擬語氣，其中“should”可以省略。這類動詞可以速記為：主句從句謂語形式意義例句Iwish過去式（be用were）從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反IwishIweretenyearsyounger.但愿我能年輕10歲。could/would+動詞原形從句與將來事實相反IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.如果有一天我能飛到月球上就好了。過去完成時從句與過去事實相反IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我真希望昨天見到了那位電影明星。Iwouldrather過去時（be用were）從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反I'dratherwehadarestnow.我希望我們現(xiàn)在休息一下。過去時（be用were）從句與將來事實相反I'dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我寧愿你明天來，而不是今天。過去完成時從句與過去事實相反I'drathertheyhadn'tdroppedoutofschool.我真希望他們沒有輟學(xué)。Iinsist/demand/require/request/propose/suggest/command/order..(should)+動詞原形表示“建議、命令、要求”等，從句與將來事實相反。MyfathersuggestedthatI(should)takeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.爸爸建議我期末考試前睡眠要充足。一堅持(insist);二命令(command,order)；三建議(advise,suggest,propose);四要求(request,require,demand,desire)Iinsistedthatwe(should)tellthistoher.我堅持要求我們該把這事告訴她。Theteachersuggestedthatwc(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求學(xué)生們每周都要自己洗衣服。????提升??I.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空i.Whydidn,(youtellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtold(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.(2016?北京，34)waswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone?Iwouldhavebeeniniured(iniure).(2016?天津,15)3.1wouldratherhehadstayed(stay)athomeyesterday.wishhevisitcd(visit)usnow..Were(be)ittorain,thecropswouldbesaved..Hedidnotcome(notcome)yesterday,otherwiseyouwouldhaveseenhim..Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)go(go)totheseaside..Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisficd(satisfy)withourwork..Theoldmaninsistedthathehadneverseen(see)theyoungplayer.lO.IfIwere(be)you,Ishouldtellhimthetruth.II.用虛擬語氣改寫句子l.Shewasgivenenoughmoney.Sheboughtthebook.Ifshehadnotbeengivenenoughmoney,shewouldn'thaveboughtthebook..Hewantstocometotheparty,buthecan'tbecausehehastowork.Hewouldcometothepartyifhedidn'thavetowork..LiPingiseasygoing,soshehasanumberoffriends.Ifshewerenoteasygoing,LiPingwouldn'thaveanumberoffriends..Hewasnotfamiliarwithsoftware,sohewasfiredbyhisboss.Ifhehadbeenfamiliarwithsoftware,hewouldn'thavebeenfiredbyhisboss..Wcknowlittleaboutthedisease,sowcarcnotabletotreatthepatientseffectively.Ifweknewmoreaboutthedisease?wewouldheabletotreatthepatientseffectively.6.1bmdidn'tworkhardandhefailedtheexam.HadTomworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.7.HadIpersuadedhimnottodo