17年考研英語一試題分析

17年考研英語一試題分析第一頁，共36頁。文章來源Inlanguageandaction,there'sanewbrutalisminWestminsterGeorgeOsborneisnotinterestedinhelpingpeople.Hispurposeispoliticalpositioning文章選自于英國衛(wèi)報(bào)的觀察家TheObserver,

Saturday29June2013

，作者WillHutton，摘錄了原文的前四段，命題組做了適當(dāng)?shù)膭h減以符合考試需要，原標(biāo)題是：主要內(nèi)容：英國財(cái)務(wù)大臣GeorgeOsborne新提出的失業(yè)扶助計(jì)劃文章類別：經(jīng)濟(jì)第二頁，共36頁。America’slawyersGuiltyaschargedCheaperlegaleducationandmoreliberalruleswouldbenefitAmerica’slawyers—andtheirclients文章選自于英國經(jīng)濟(jì)人雜志TheeconomistFeb2nd2013，引用了全文，對文章做了適當(dāng)?shù)男薷?，更換了一些行話，俚語，原標(biāo)題主要內(nèi)容：美國律師行業(yè)的弊端及相關(guān)改革措施文章類別：社會，經(jīng)濟(jì)第三頁，共36頁。

Youngupstarts

LucrativeprizesemulatingtheNobelsbringwelcomemoneyandpublicityforscience.文章選自于美國自然雜志社論nature12June2013

EDITORIAL，節(jié)選了文章

中的五段，做了適當(dāng)?shù)男薷?，原?biāo)題主要內(nèi)容：由企業(yè)家贊助的巨額科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)使科學(xué)研究有了好萊塢式的風(fēng)格文章類別：社會，經(jīng)濟(jì)第四頁，共36頁。IlliberalEducationandthe'HeartoftheMatter'Anewreportonthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesmissesabigreasonthey'reintrouble.文章選自于美國華爾街日報(bào)wallstreetjournal

OPINION

觀點(diǎn)，

作者PETERBERKOWITZ，June30,2013，命題組摘錄了全文，做了適當(dāng)?shù)男薷模瓨?biāo)題主要內(nèi)容：美式自由，開放教育遭遇危機(jī)；主要大學(xué)培養(yǎng)出的學(xué)生缺乏人文，社會常識，思想偏激文章類別：教育第五頁，共36頁。Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency"GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."heclaimed."We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseeker’sallowance"—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.閱讀技巧第六頁，共36頁。26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.

29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered"restrictive"partlybecauseit[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.閱讀技巧第七頁，共36頁。詞匯部分第八頁，共36頁。第九頁，共36頁。PartⅡVocabulary(10points)Directions:Inthisparttherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.11.Nowandinthefuture,wewillliveasfreepeople,notinfearandneveratthemercyofanyforeignpowers.A.intheinterestofB.underthecontrolofC.forthesakeofD.atthecostof12.Publicacceptanceofrabbitasaneconomicalsourceofproteindependshowaggressivelyproducersmarketit.A.vigorouslyB.effectivelyC.efficientlyD.rigorously13.ManyNewEnglandcommunitiesdonotpermittheconstructionofa“modernist”building,lestitaltertheiroverallarchitecturalintegrity.A.incasethatB.inspitethatC.forfearthatD.inorderthat14.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofwhatisconceivedtobereality.A.imaginationB.impressionC.presentationD.Expression15.Televisioncommercialhavebeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.A.pressureB.reflectionC.examinationD.attack16.Themayorhasspentahandsomeamountoftimeinhislastternworkingtobringdownthetaxrate.A.sufficientB.plentyC.considerableD.moderate17.Hispoorperformancemaybeattributedtothelackofmotivation.A.causedbyB.focusedonC.takenforD.viewedas18.Thenewcutininterestrateismeanttopromotedomesticinvestment.A.encourageB.obtainC.publicizeD.advertise19.Conditionsforthegrowthofthisplantareoptimuminearlysummer.A.mostacceptableB.mostexpressiveC.mostfavoriteD.mostdesirable20.Sheoftensayshergreatesthappinessconsistsinhelpingthedisadvantagedchildren.A.isproportionatetoB.iscomposedofC.liesinD.relieson第十頁，共36頁。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.第十一頁，共36頁。

1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness

[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar第十二頁，共36頁。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.第十三頁，共36頁。1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]while[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]even[B]still[C]yet[D]only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without第十四頁，共36頁。翻譯部分第十五頁，共36頁。PartVItranslations(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

Thesocialcostsofunemploymentgofarbeyondthewelfareandunemploymentpaymentsmadethegovernment.Unemploymentincreasesthechancesofdivorce,childabuse,andalcoholism,anewfederalsurveyshows.Someexpertssaytheproblemisonlytemporary-thatnewtechnologywilleventuallycreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.ButfuturologistHymenSeymoursaystheastonishingefficiencyofthenewtechnologytherewillbeasimplenetreductionintheamountofhumanlaborthatneedstobedone.“weshouldtreatthisasanopportunitytogivepeoplemoreleisure.Itmaynotbeeasy,butsocietywillhavetoreachanewagreementonthedivisionanddistributionoflabor.”Seymoursays.第十六頁，共36頁。46.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.

47.Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.

48.Beethoven'shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.

49.Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.

50.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.

第十七頁，共36頁。SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.第十八頁，共36頁。新題部分第十九頁，共36頁。第二十頁，共36頁。PartVTextCompletion(20points)Directions:Inthispart,therearethreeincompletetextswith20questions(Rangingfrom56to75).Aboveeachtexttherearethreeorfourphrasestobecompleted.First,usethechoicesprovidedintheboxtocompletethephrases.Second,usethecompletedphrasestofillintheblanksofthetext.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.TextOneA.accelerateB.otherwiseC.betweenD.imitatePhrases:A.wouldbedifficultto56B.from57itsfeathersC.enablingthebirdto58D.it59couldTheemperorpenguintrapsairinitsfeathers.Notonlydoesthisinsulatethebirdagainstextremecoldbutitalsoenablesittomovetwoorthreetimesfasterthan60How?Marinebiologistshavesuggestedthatitdoessobyreleasingtinyairbubbles61.Asthesebubblesarereleased,thereducefrictiononthesurfaceofthepenguin'swings,62.Interestingly,engineershavebeenstudyingwaystomakeshipsgofasterbyusingbubblestoreducefrictionagainsttheirhulls(船身).However,researchersacknowledgethatfurtherinvestigationischallengingbecause"thecomplexityofpenguin’swings63第二十一頁，共36頁。TextTwoA.beyondB.aswellasC.sendingPhrases:A.64thewagesofaveragefamiliesB.65youngpeopletocollegeC.66thereachofmostAmericansAresearchgroupinCaliforniahasreleaseda“nationalreportcardonhighereducation.”Thereportsaysthepriceofcollegehasincreasedmorethanfourhundredpercentsince1982.Costshaveclimbedmuchfasterthanotherprices-67．Thegroupwarnsthatacontinuationofthesetrendswouldputhighereducation68.Anditwouldmeangreaterdebtforthosewhodogotocollege.ThereportalsoexpressesconcernthattheUnitedStatesislosingitsleadershipin69第二十二頁，共36頁。TextThreeA.soB.hirethemC.watchingTVPhrases:A.andunderstandably70B.thatcouldbespent71C.thatthecompaniesthat72wantmoneyChildrenareaspecialtargetofadvertisers,73.Youngpeopleareshoppingandspendingmorethaneverbefore.Researcherssuggestthatchildrenwhoarehighlyinvolvedinconsumerculturearemorepronetochildhooddepressionandanxietyandhaveworserelationshipswiththeirparents.Theysaid:"Youcannottotallyprotectyourkidsfromadvertisingbecauseitiseverywhere.Soyoucanexplaintoyourkidsthatadvertisershaveanagendaand74.Theydon'thaveourbestinterestsinmind.“Theyalsosuggestthatfamilyshouldwatchverylittletelevision.Youcanfillthetime75withotheractivities,suchasreadingandplayinggamestogether.第二十三頁，共36頁。閱讀部分第二十四頁，共36頁。第二十五頁，共36頁。Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.第二十六頁，共36頁。21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries第二十七頁，共36頁。PassageTwoCheatingisnothingnew,Buttoday,educatorsandadministratorsarefindingthatinstancesofacademicdishonestyonthepartofstudentshavebecomemorefrequent-andarelesslikelytobepunished-thaninthepast.Cheatingappearstohavegainedacceptanceamonggoodandpoorstudentsalike.Whyisstudentcheatingontherise?Noonereallyknows.Someblamethetrendonagenerallooseningofmoralvaluesamongtoday'syouth.Othershaveattributedincreasedcheatingtothefactthattoday'syoutharefarmorepragmatic（實(shí)用主義的）thantheirmoreidealisticpredecessors.Whereasinthelatesixtiesandearlyseventies，studentswerefilledwithvisionsaboutchangingtheworld，today’sstudentsfeelgreatpressuretoconformandsucceed.Ininterviewswithstudentsathighschoolsandcollegesaroundthecountry,bothyoungmenandwomensaidthatcheatinghadbecomeeasy.Somesuggestedtheydiditoutofspiteforteacherstheydidnotrespect.Otherslookedatitasagame.Onlyiftheywerecaught,somesaid,wouldtheyfeelguilty."Peoplearecompetitive,"saidasecond-yearcollegestudentnamedAnna,fromChicago.There'sanunderlyingfear.Ifyoudon'tdowell,yourlifeisgoingtoberuined.Thepressureisnotonlyformparentsandfriendsbutfromoneself.Toachieve.Tosucceed.It’salmostasthoughwehavetooutdootherpeopletoachieveourowngoals,EdwardWynne,amagazineeditor,blamestheriseinacademicdishonestyontheschools.Heclaimsthatadministratorsandteachershavebeentoohesitanttotakeaction.DwightHuber,chairmanoftheEnglishdepartmentatAmarillo.seesthematterdifferently,blamingtheriseincheatingonthewaystudentsareevaluated."IwouldcheatifIfeltIwasbeingcheated,"Mr.Hubersaid.Hefeelsthataslongasteachersgivesshort-answertestsratherthanessayquestionsandratestudentsbythenumberoffactstheycanmemorizeratherthanbyhowwelltheycanputinformationtogether,studentswilltrytobeatthesystem."Theconceptofcheatingisbasedonthefalseassumptionthatthesystemislegitimateandthereissomethingwrongwiththeindividualwhoaredoingit,"hesaid."That'stooeasyananswer.We'vegottostartlookingatthesystem."第二十八頁，共36頁。26.Educatorsarefindingthatstudentswhocheat_______.A.arenotonlythoseacademicallyweakB.tendtobedishonestinlateryearsC.aremorelikelytobepunishedthanbeforeD.havepooracademicrecords27.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Reforminthetestingsystemwilleliminatecheating.B.Punishmentisaneffectivemethodtostopcheating..C.Students'cheatinghasdeepsocialroots.D.Studentsdonotcheatonessaytests.28.WhichofthefollowingpointsofviewwouldMr.Huberagreewith?A.Cheatingwouldbereducedthroughaneducationalreform.B.Studentswhocheatshouldbeexpelledfromschool.C.Punishmentforcheatersshouldbesevereinthiscountry.D.Parentsmusttakeresponsibilityfortheriseincheating.29.Theexpression"theindividuals"(thelastparagraph)refersto________A.schooladministratorsB.studentswhocheatC.parentsD.teachers30.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_______A:waystoeliminateacademicdishonestyB:factorsleadingtoacademicdishonestyC:thedeclineofmoralstandardsoftoday'syouthD:people'stoleranceofstudents'cheating第二十九頁，共36頁。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.22.Thephrase,"tosignon"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre