【課件】Unit+3+Using+language+主謂一致性課件外研版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

在英語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即主謂一致。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，主謂一致要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。Subject-VerbAgreement.SubjectsandverbsmustAGREEwithoneanotherinnumber(singularorplural).

Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1Inwhichsentencedoestheword“enemy”refertodifferentmembers?Isitfollowedbyasingularverborpluralverb?

2Inwhichsentencedoestheword“enemy”refertoasingleunit?Isitfollowedbyasingularverborpluralverb?Doyouknowanyothersimilarnouns?

3Istheword“people”usuallyfollowedbyasingularverborpluralverb?Doyouknowanyothersimilarnouns?1Insentence(b),theword“enemy”referstodifferentmembers.Itisfollowedbyapluralverb.2Insentence(a),theword“enemy”referstoasingleunit.Itisfollowedbyasingularverb.Othersimilarnounsarefamily,team,class,crowd,government,etc.3Theword“people”isusuallyfollowedbyapluralverb.Othersimilarnounsarepolice,cattle,etc.一.語(yǔ)法一致原則:即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

1.單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。

Toseeistobelieve.

他們何時(shí)能完成任務(wù)還未知。Whentheycouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.2.由連接詞and或both…and連接Bothhisfatherandhismother_____advancedworkers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是先進(jìn)工作者。Thesecretaryandmanager_____speakingatthemeeting.那位書(shū)記兼經(jīng)理在會(huì)上講話?！癳ach/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞+and+each/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.areisNobodybutoneteacherandthreestudents______inthelab.實(shí)驗(yàn)室只有一個(gè)老師和三個(gè)學(xué)生。is3.“名詞+aswellas,ratherthan,like,but,expect,besides,with,togetherwith,alongwith,including,inadditionto+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)保持一致。這本書(shū)缺了許多頁(yè)。Manyapageinthisbook

____missing.Themajorityofdoctorsbelievesmoking____harmfultohealth.Themajorityofthedamage____easytorepair.Hewasoneofthestudentswho____givenaprize.

Iwastheonlyoneinmyofficewho____invited.

isisiswerewas由兩部分組成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：glasses，spectacles，shoes，boots，trousers/pants，compasses，chopsticks，scissors，socks等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，但這類詞如用apairof修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Myglasses_____brokenwhileplayingfootballyesterday.昨天踢足球時(shí)我的眼鏡被打碎了。

Anewpairofglasses_____boughtyesterdayforherbyherfriend.Apairofshoes_____lyingunderthebed.床底下有一雙鞋。wereiswas二.意義一致原則

即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的意義而不是形式所決定。1.有些名詞如people,cattle，police等沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。

Thepolice_____senttothespottokeeporderimmediately.Cattle_____allowedtograzeinthisarea.

2.英語(yǔ)中一些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，這類名詞常見(jiàn)的有sheep，deer，fish，means，species，Chinese，Japanese，series等。

Everypossiblemeans_____beenusedtopreventtheairpollution.為了防止大氣污染，每一種方法都試過(guò)了。werewerehas3.有些集合名詞，如public，family,enemy,audience，government，group，committee，team，media，staff，crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其包含的意義而定。如果該名詞表示一個(gè)整體，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但如果這些集體名詞表示集體中的若干個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。情緒高昂的球隊(duì)比較可能獲勝。Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.隊(duì)員們正在操場(chǎng)刻苦地訓(xùn)練。

Theteamarepracticinghardontheplayground.4.“the+形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”最后，傷員們被村民們救起。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.這次事故的受傷者是一名警察。Thewoundedintheaccidentwasapoliceman.好看的并不總是有用的。Thebeautifulisnotalwaysuseful.Politicsisacomplicatedsubject.Twentykilometersisaquitelongdistance.Fiftydollarswasalargesumformeatthattime.Alargenumberofpeoplehaveappliedforthejob.ThenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidlyatpresent.Suchisourplan.這就是我們的計(jì)劃。

Sucharehiswords.這些就是他所說(shuō)的話。physics,mathematics,economics,politics等，以及用作書(shū)名、地名、國(guó)名、地區(qū)名的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式表示距離、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看待的話，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。such作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：要根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。三.就近一致原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheoffice.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Eitherheoryouaretoblameforit.

不是你而應(yīng)是我應(yīng)對(duì)這次的延誤負(fù)責(zé)。NotyoubutIamresponsibleforthedelay.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1.either,each,little,much等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachofthebooksisworthreading.2.both,few,many,several等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Bothofthesistersareinterestedinmedicine.3.all指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若指不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Allarepresentatthemeetingtoday.Alloftheinformationisveryimportant.Correctanymistakesinthesesentencesorputa√

inthesquarebracketsiftheyarecorrect.are

√isuniforms√is

Completethefilmreviewwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinthebrackets.killsdecidesisareloveputdowntheuprisingwaysinwhichcountriesaregovernedbringhimhomeatthebeginningofanincrediblesequenceofapproximately30minutessenselesswasteoflifeastoryofcourageandsacrificethemessageofthefilm鎮(zhèn)壓起義統(tǒng)治國(guó)家的方式帶他回家在一開(kāi)始一組長(zhǎng)約30分鐘的無(wú)與倫比的鏡頭無(wú)謂的浪費(fèi)生命有關(guān)勇氣和犧牲的故事電影的要旨TheroadtopeaceAmongthemanyhorrorsinflictedonhumanitybytheSecondWorldWarwasthemassivebombingofcivilians,oftenreferredtoas“terrorbombing”.Thepurposeofdoingthiswastodestroythemoraleofordinarypeopleandstopthemfromsupportingthewareffort.TheJapaneseusedterrorbombinginChina,especiallyinChongqing,whichtheybombedmorethan200timesoverthedurationoffiveandahalfyears(1938-1943),killingthousandsofChinesecivilians.DidYouKnow?1Whoisbeinginterviewed?2Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwointerviewees?3Whataretheytalkingabout?1GaoLiandGaoMing.2Brotherandsister.3Theyaretalkingaboutthefive-yearterrorbombingcampaignbyJapaneseforcesinChongqingduringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression.Listentotheinterviewandanswerthequestions.1eight/82shook3firesinthedistance4eleven/115thebombingplanes6towatch7scared85June19419thebasement10fivehours11people12ourfightingspirit13around960,000ofthecity’s14“cityofheroes”15thosewelost16cherishthepeaceweenjoytodayExpressingsympathyTalkingaboutmemoriesThatmustbeterriblefor…Icanonlyimaginehowitmusthavefelt.I’msorrytohearthat.Ifeelsadfor…Iremember…ThefirstthingIrememberwas…I’llneverforget…Completetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromtheinterview.ReadtheintroductiontoUNpeacekeepingandanswerthequestions.

Payattentiontothewordsandexpressionsinbold.1WhatisthesignificanceofUNpeacekeepingmissions?2

WhatroleisChinaplayinginUNpeacekeeping?1UNpeacekeepingmissionsaimtogivestabilitytoconflictzonesandallowgovernmentstoreestablishauthority.2ChinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinUNpeacekeepingandithastrained8,000troopswhoarekeptonstandbyforUNmissions.CompletethefactfileaboutUN’speacekeepingmissioninLiberiawiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinActivity8.1civilwars