考研英語模擬4

［模擬］考研英語模擬4

多項(xiàng)填空

［聽力原文］

AsthedirectoroftheOfficeofInternationalStudentAffairs,itisone

ofmymostpleasantdutiestowelcomeyouonbehalfofCentralUniversity

totheannualinternationaldinner.Thisyear,thefoodyouareenjoying

ispreparedbystudentsfrom35countries.RightnowcoffeefromBrazil

andColombiaisbeingservedatthetablesandforthoseofyouwhoprefer

tea,thereisaselectionofteasfromChina,Japan,andSouthKorea.

Pleasehelpyourselves.

Inthemeantime,Iwouldliketotakeafewminutestothanksome

ofthepeoplewhohaveworkedsohardtomakethiseveningpossible,

especiallyMr.Black,PresidentoftheInternationalStudentAssociation；

MissLeeandMrs.Chu,chairpersonsoftheFoodCommittee.Iamsurethe

dinnercouldn，thavebeensuchasuccesswithouttheirtimeandefforts.

Andnow,asIsee,almosteachonehasbeenserved,let，sbeginour

program.First,itisafashionshow,featuringthetypicaldressof10

countries.Thenfollowedbysomefolksongsanddances.Aftertheprogram,

Imayinviteyoutostaytodance.

第1題：

WhatisthepositionofthespeakerinInternationalStudentAffairs?

參考答案：

thedirector/headoftheoffice

詳細(xì)解答：

第2題：

WhoisMr.Black?

參考答案：

PresidentoftheInternationalStudentAssociation

詳細(xì)解答：

1

第3題：

WhoisMissLee?

參考答案：

chairpersonoftheFoodCommittee

詳細(xì)解答:

a

Thespeakeristalkingabouteyeproblemsof(4)Whatcancause

theretinatoseparatefrom(5)thebackoftheeye?Whatmessages

doesretinasendtothebrain?(6)Theoxygencanhelpthebabies'

(7)Researchersurgedhospitalworkerstousethe(8)bright

lightsonlywhentheymustdo(NaNKB)

［聽力原文］

W：Americandoctorssaytheyareconcernedaboutamysteriousincrease

inthenumberofbabieswhobecomeblind.Theproblemaffectspremature

babies.Onestudyfoundthatasmanyastenpercentofthesmallest

prematurebabiesmaydevelopeyeproblems.

Doctorsnotethataprematurebabymaynotbefullydevelopedat

birth.Theireyes,lungsandotherbodypartsarestillforming.Insome

prematurebabies,however,thecontinuingdevelopmentisnotnormal,

startingattheageofaboutfiveweeks.Bloodvesselsintheireyesgrow

wildly.Theunusualbloodvesselscanthencausetheretinatoseparate

fromthebackoftheeye.Theretinaisthepartoftheeyethatcaptures

lightraysandsendsnervemessagestothebrain.Ifitseparatesfrom

therestoftheeye,thebabybecomesblind.

Doctorsarenotexactlysurewhatcausestheuncontrolledgrowth

ofbloodvesselsintheeye.Andtheydonotknowwhytheproblemseems

tobegettingworse.

Scientistsfacedasimilarproblemabout30yearsago.Atthattime,

doctorstreatedprematurebabiesbygivingthemlargeamountsofoxygen.

Theoxygenhelpedthebabies'underdevelopedlungs.Butresearchersthen

discoveredthatlargeamountsofoxygenalsocoulddamagedevelopmentof

bloodvesselsintheeye.Andtheoxygentreatmentswerehalted,except

forbabiesthatneededthem.

Someresearchersbelieveoxygenagainmaybepartoftheproblem.

TheresearchersfromtwoWashingtonhospitalssaybrightlightsmaymake

2

bloodvesselsinprematurebabiesmoreeasilydamagedbyoxygen.The

scientistsnotedthatprematurebabiesoftenareputinverybrightrooms.

Thebrightlightisconsideredimportantforhospitalworkerstoobserve

themedicalequipmentconnectedtothebabies.Theresearcherssaid,

however,thatthisbrightlightisnotneededallthetime.Theyurged

hospitalworkerstousethebrightlightsonlywhentheymustdotests

onbabies.

M：Younowhave50secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions4-8.

M：Nowyouwillheartherecordingagain.

M：Younowhaveanother30secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions4-8.

M：ThatistheendofPartB.

第4題：

參考答案：

prematurebabies

詳細(xì)解答：

第5題：

參考答案：

Unusualbloodvessels

詳細(xì)解答：

第6題：

參考答案：

Nervemessages

詳細(xì)解答：

第7題：

參考答案：

underdevelopedlungs

詳細(xì)解答：

第8題:

3

參考答案:

testsonbabies

詳細(xì)解答:

3

［聽力原文］

W：Ladiesandgentlemen,hereweareinthechamberoftheHouseofCommons,

andthisiswherealltheimportantdebatestakeplace,which,ofcourse,

decidewhichnewlawsaregoingtobepassedandhowgovernmentisgoing

tocarryoutitspolicies.

Thechamberyouarelookingattodayhasalotofthefeaturesof

achapel,becauseitwasinSt.Stephen'sChapelthattheHouseofCommons

haditsfirstregularhome:from1547untilitwasburneddowninthegreat

fireof1843-someofyoumayknowthefamouspicturepaintedbyTurner

ofthatfire...Thispresentbuildingisactuallythethirdhomeofthe

Commons.Thesecondone,builtin1852,wasdestroyedbyGermanbombsin

1941,andthisonewasbuiltinthesamestyleastheoldonein1950.

Inall,thereare650members,butifyouweretocountthemyou

wouldfindonly437seats.Soifmembersgettherealittlelate,they

havetocrowdinbythespeakerandstand.

Nowalotofvisitorsthinkthisisabitstrange,andmanyofthe

MPsthemselvescomplainthatit，sridiculous.Theysayyoucan，tcarry

onthebusinessofmoderngovernmentinaplacethat，sold-fashionedand

toosmall.Well,againstallofthat,thereareotherswhosaythatasmall

placelikethisisidealforamoreinformalatmosphere.Youcanmake

comments,getupandaskquestionsmoreeasily,andthepersonontheother

sidecan，tjustmakeabigspeechandthenhide：hehastogetup,face

hiscriticsandgiveananswer.

M：Younowhave50secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions6-10.

M：Nowyouwillheartherecordingagain.

M：Younowhaveanother30secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions6-10.

M：ThatistheendofPartB.

第9題:

參考答案:

4

Importantdebates

詳細(xì)解答：

第10題：

參考答案：

achapel

詳細(xì)解答：

第11題：

參考答案：

In1843

詳細(xì)解答：

第12題：

參考答案：

Germanbombs

詳細(xì)解答：

第13題：

參考答案：

Ridiculous

詳細(xì)解答：

多項(xiàng)選擇

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theother

asaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternal

resultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworker

whogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwho

learnsanewlanguage一theseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurable

resultstoshowfortheirefforts.

5

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmore

difficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthe

specificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroad

itself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircaution

orcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.

Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends；therearealwaysnewways

toexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohavea

willingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthe

possibilitytheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetrya

newwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrowth.Doweperceive

ourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechances

andtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyand

indecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomove

slowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowe

thinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe，renotsmartenoughtocope

withanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleor

nottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtareboth

unavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonot

confrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotect

ourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashell

ofourownmaking.

第二段的三個(gè)句子反復(fù)說明了本文的主旨。在最后一段，作者首先從

正面陳述了結(jié)論，然后又從反面陳述一遍，最后再用一個(gè)比喻說明這個(gè)道理。

請看文后所附問題。

a

第14題:

Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

A.hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

B.hehasmadeeffortsinhiswork

C.heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

D.hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第15題:

Intheauthor，seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould

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A.succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

B.judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

C.facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

D.aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第16題：

Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line3,paragraphs),heis

referringto.

A.anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

B.anewwayoftakingrisks

C.anewmethodofperceivingourselves

D.anewsystemofadaptingtochange

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第17題：

Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept

A.curiosityaboutmorechances

B.promptnessinself-adaptation

C.open-mindednesstonewexperiences

D.avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

參考答案：D

答案解析：

Rerunsofsituationcomediesfromthefiftiesandearlysixties

dramatizethekindsofproblemsthatparentsusedtohavewiththeir

children.TheCleaversscoldBeaverfornotwashinghishandsbefore

dinner；theAndersonspunishBudfornotdoinghishomework；theNelsons

docklittleRicky，sallowancebecausehekeepsforgettingtocleanhis

room.Buttimeshavechangeddramatically.Beingaparenttodayismuch

moredifficultthanitwasagenerationago.

Today"sparentsmusttry,firstofall,tocontrolallthenew

distractionsthattemptchildrenawayfromschoolwork.Athome,achild

mayhavearoomfurnishedwithastereoandtelevision.Notmanyyoung

peoplecanresisttheurgetolistentoanalbumorwatchMTV-especially

7

ifitistimetodoschoolwork.Outsidethehome,thedistractionsare

evenmorealluring.Childrennolonger"hangout”onaneighborhoodcorner

withinearshotofMomorDad'sremindertocomeinanddohomework.Instead,

theycongregateinvastshoppingmalls,buzzingvideoarcades,and

gleamingfast-foodrestaurants.Parentsandschoolassignmentshave

obviousdifficultycompetingwithsuchenticingalternatives.

Besidesdealingwiththesedistractions,parentsalsohaveto

shieldtheirchildrenfromafloodofsexuallyexplicitmaterials,Today,

childrencanfindsexmagazinesandpornographicpaperbacksinthesame

cornerstorethatonceofferedonlycomicsandcandy.Moreover,themovies

youngpeopleattendoftenfocusonhighlysexualsituations,Itis

difficulttoteachchildrentraditionalvalueswhenfilmsshowteachers

seducingstudentsandyoungpeopletreatingsexasacasualsport.Aneven

moredifficultmatterforparentsistheheavilysexualcontentof

programsontelevision.

Mostdisturbingtoparentstoday,however,istheincreasein

life-threateningdangersthatfaceyoungpeople.Whenchildrenaresmall,

parentsfearthattheiryoungstersmaybevictimsofviolence.Everynews

programseemstocarryareportaboutamassmurdererwhopreysonyoung

girls,adeviantwhohasburiedsixboysinhiscellar,oranorganized

childpornographyringthatmolestspreschoolers.Whenchildrenareolder,

parentsbegintoworryabouttheirkids，useofdrugs.Peerpressureto

experimentwithdrugsisoftenstrongerthanparents，warnings.This

pressuretoexperimentcanbefatalifthedrugshavebeenmixedwith

dangerouschemicals.

Withinonegeneration,theworldasaplacetoraisechildren

haschangeddramatically.Onewondershowyesterday，sparentswouldhave

dealtwithtoday，sproblems.CouldtheAndersonshavekeptbutawayfrom

MTV?CouldtheNelsonshaveshieldedlittleRickyfromsexuallyexplicit

material?CouldtheCleavershaveprotectedBeaverfromdrugs?Parents

mustbeawareofallthesedistractionsanddangers,yetbewillingto

givetheirchildrenthefreedomtheyneedtobecomeresponsibleadults.

Itisnotaneasytask.

［聽力原文］

父母的責(zé)任

回放五十年代和六十年代早期的情景喜劇片，使從前父母對待孩子問題很

惹人注目。例如，克里夫夫婦因?yàn)楸任譀]有在飯前洗手而責(zé)備他；安德森夫婦因

為巴德沒有做家庭作業(yè)而懲罰他；尼爾森夫婦因?yàn)樾∪鹌婵偸峭浨鍜咚姆块g

而扣掉他的零用錢。但是，時(shí)代的變化是驚人的，作為今天的父母比上一代人要

8

困難得多了。

首先，今天的父母必須努力控制所有新的會誘使孩子逃避功課的各種干

擾。在家里，孩子可能擁有一間配有立體音響和電視機(jī)的房間?，F(xiàn)在沒有多少年

輕人能夠抵擋住想要聽唱片或看MTV的沖動--尤其是做功課的時(shí)候。家庭外的

干擾甚至更具誘惑力。放學(xué)后孩子們不再在附近能聽到父母提醒回去做作業(yè)聲音

的地方“閑逛”，取而代之的是，他們聚集在大型購物廣場，嘈雜的影像市場，

或明亮的快餐店。父母的叮囑與學(xué)校的作業(yè)顯然很難與這些誘人的活動相抗衡。

除了對付上述干擾之外，父母還不得不保護(hù)孩子不受那些四處泛濫的有著

露骨性描寫的各種材料的侵害。現(xiàn)在，孩子們在以前只賣連環(huán)畫和糖果的街角小

店里可以找到性雜志和色情平裝書。更有甚者，在年輕人常去的電影院經(jīng)常放映

色情級別很高的片子，當(dāng)電影上演著老師引誘學(xué)生，年輕人把性看做一項(xiàng)很隨便

的游戲時(shí)，讓孩子們接受傳統(tǒng)觀念實(shí)在是困難的。還有一個(gè)更讓父母們頭痛的問

題，那就是電視中播放性色彩很濃的節(jié)目。

然而，最讓今天的父母們感到不安的是危及孩子生命健康的危險(xiǎn)在增加。

當(dāng)孩子還小的時(shí)候，父母害怕自己的小孩成為暴力的犧牲品。每個(gè)新聞節(jié)目似乎

都報(bào)導(dǎo)過這樣的消息：專門攻擊女孩的大規(guī)模謀殺案的兇手，在地窖里埋葬了六

個(gè)小男孩的變態(tài)狂，猥褻學(xué)前幼童的有組織的兒童色情團(tuán)伙。孩子長大后，父母

開始擔(dān)心孩子使用毒品。其他人吸毒造成的壓力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)要大于父母親警告的威力，

如果毒品中帶有危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)制品時(shí)，這種吸毒的壓力會是致命的。

在一代人的里，作為撫養(yǎng)小孩場所的這個(gè)世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變

化。人們會問昨天的父母如何解決今天的問題？安德魯夫婦能讓他（她）們的孩

子離開MTV嗎？尼爾森夫婦能保護(hù)小瑞奇不看暴露色情的材料嗎？克里夫婦能

保護(hù)比沃不受毒品侵害嗎？父母必須對所有這些干擾和危險(xiǎn)有清醒的認(rèn)識，但也

應(yīng)該愿意給孩子提供要成為負(fù)責(zé)任的成年人所需要的自由o這可不是個(gè)簡單的任

務(wù)。

第18題：

Traditionalvaluesbecomemoredifficultforyoungergenerationtoaccept

because.

A.teacherssetbadexamplesforstudents

B.badsideeffectsonchildrenfromTVandfilmsoutweighthe

traditionaleducation

C.parentsfailedineducatingtheirchildren

D.theyoungergenerationcannotresistthetemptationfromallsorts

ofdistractions

參考答案：B

答案解析：

B電視和電影帶給孩子們的負(fù)面影響超過傳統(tǒng)的教育。推理題。見3段末2句。

A、C文中未提。D雖提到但非原因。

第19題：

Accordingtotheauthor,whattheparentsnowmostfearforabouttheir

childrenis.

A.physicaldangers

9

B.violentTVprograms

C.enticing

D.sexmagazines

參考答案：A

答案解析：

A生命危險(xiǎn)。細(xì)節(jié)題。見4段1句。其他3項(xiàng)雖提到，但非最擔(dān)心的。

第20題：

Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor，sattitude

towardsbeingaresponsibleparent?

A.Frustrated

B.Pessimistic

C.Wait-andsee

D.Positive

參考答案：D

答案解析：

D肯定的。為作者態(tài)度題。見末段倒2句。A失望，B寬容，C等著瞧。均非作

者態(tài)度。

第21題：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatparentstoday.

A.mustpaymuchmoreattentiontotheirchildren'sbehavior

B.havetostrengthentheeducationontraditionalvalues

C.havetostrikeabalancebetweentheirneedtoprovidelimitations

andtheirchildren，sneedforfreedom

D.mustpreventtheirchildrenfromallkindsofseductionsofthe

society

參考答案：c

答案解析：

c必須在他們給孩子限制的需要和他們孩子對自由的需要之間尋求平衡。為推理

題。可由末段最后一句推出。其他各項(xiàng)皆不符文意。如：A須多注意他們孩子的

行為B須加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的教育D須防止孩子受到社會上各種誘惑

第22題:

Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.Parents'WorriesToday

B.ChallengesforToday'sParents

C.Parents,Responsibilities

D.ConfusionsofParentsToday

參考答案：B

io

答案解析：

B對今天家長的挑戰(zhàn)。為主旨題。由最后一段可推出，此為最佳標(biāo)題。A今日父

母的考慮C父母的責(zé)任D今日父母的困惑。均指出局部，不全面。

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviorisevidenceofan

obviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.

Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.

Constantpracticehassuchaseffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillful

performanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreading

andunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehaviordemands

memory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.The

abilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexists

dependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedon

rememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryfora

taskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathas

beenlearnedtendstobeforgotten；andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynot

seemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanseemto

beadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedto

havesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,

whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoserious

anxiety,forgettingmayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionary

interpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonly

gradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallits

possibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemories

failedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceold

memoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesfor

inferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,

forexample,learnedbehaviorthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeago

maynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)

forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.

Thisforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthe

species.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemof

limitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythrough

forgetting.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearning

ormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).Indeed,thereis

evidencethattherateatwhichindividualsforgetisdirectlyrelated

tohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffersgrosssupportof

contemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.

11

第23題：

Fromtheevolutionarypointofview,.

A.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive.

B.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbevery

adaptive

C.thegradualprocessofforgettingisanindicationofan

individual'sadaptability

D.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]問題是：從進(jìn)化的角度來看，oD意為：突然失去記

憶力會導(dǎo)致生存適應(yīng)問題。文章第一段指出，人生許多問題的解決依賴

于我們對過去經(jīng)歷過的事情的記憶。第二段第二、三句指出，如果我們不及時(shí)復(fù)

習(xí)或練習(xí)已學(xué)過的東西的話，過一段時(shí)間，我們可能忘記它，這種情況所造成的

適應(yīng)性（adaptive）后果也許不太明顯。然而，突然失去記憶力卻會對適應(yīng)帶來

明顯后果。舉個(gè)例子來說，假如你一覺醒來，發(fā)覺自己失去了一切記憶，那樣會

發(fā)生什么呢？譯文五過去的經(jīng)歷能夠影響隨后的行為，這種顯而易見但

卻十分重要的行為就叫做記憶。如果沒有記憶這種功能，學(xué)習(xí)行為就不可能發(fā)生。

不斷的練習(xí)對記憶產(chǎn)生影響，使我們能熟練地演奏鋼琴，背誦詩歌，閱讀和理解

文字。所謂的智力行為需要記憶，記憶也是推理的基礎(chǔ)。解決問題的能力，甚至

識別問題的能力，都要依靠記憶。例如，做出穿越馬路的決定就是建立在對以前

類似經(jīng)歷的記憶的基礎(chǔ)之上的。練習(xí)（或者復(fù)習(xí)）能夠建立和鞏固對事

情或?qū)W(xué)到的知識的記憶。如果一段時(shí)間沒有練習(xí)，學(xué)到的東西就有可能忘掉，

這種適應(yīng)的結(jié)果可能并不明顯。但是突然性的遺忘就可以看作是適應(yīng)的結(jié)果了。

從這個(gè)意義上來說，遺忘的能力可以理解成是在動物的自然選擇過程中保留下來

的。確實(shí)如此，一段令人痛苦的記憶會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的焦慮不安，這時(shí)遺忘可以緩解

痛苦。然而，這種解釋很難真正讓人了解普通的緩慢遺忘的過程是怎樣從自然選

擇的過程中保留下來的。在考慮記憶的進(jìn)化問題時(shí)，可以思考一下，如

果記憶永遠(yuǎn)不會淡忘，那會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢？很顯然，遺忘有助于時(shí)間上的調(diào)整,

因?yàn)榕f的記憶會褪色，而新的記憶變得更加明顯，使我們能夠推測事情發(fā)生的時(shí)

間先后。如果不遺忘，人的適應(yīng)能力就會受到破壞，比如：十年前正確的行為十

年后可能已經(jīng)不正確了。在一些病例中，有的人遺忘的太少（和普通人相比），

以至于他們的行為充滿了混淆。這樣看來，遺忘似乎有助于個(gè)人和整個(gè)人類的生

存。另一種猜想是存儲記憶的系統(tǒng)的容量是有限的，因此通過遺忘靈活

地進(jìn)行調(diào)整。在學(xué)習(xí)或者記憶存儲（輸入）和遺忘（輸出）之間不斷進(jìn)行著調(diào)整。

實(shí)際上，有證據(jù)表明一個(gè)人遺忘的速度和他學(xué)習(xí)新知識的速度是直接相關(guān)的。這

些數(shù)據(jù)完全證明了當(dāng)代的輸入一一輸出平衡的記憶模式。

第24題：

Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonneverforgot,.

A.hewouldsurvivebest

B.hewouldhavealotoftrouble

C.hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced

12

D.theevolutionofmemorywouldstop

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]問題是：根據(jù)本文，如果一個(gè)人從來不會忘記，o第三

段第三、四句指出，沒有遺忘過程，人就無法適應(yīng)。例如，十年前正確的做法現(xiàn)

在未必合適，所以應(yīng)忘記它。對遺忘很少的人的調(diào)查也表明：他們的日?；顒尤?/p>

乏頭緒。這與B項(xiàng)吻合。

第25題：

Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat_______

A.forgetfulnessisaresponsetolearning

B.thememorystoragesystemisanexactlybalancedinput-outputsystem

C.memoryisacompensationforforgetting

D.thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedbecause

forgettingoccurs

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[[A]問題是：從最后一段，我們可以得知。文章最后一段指

出，對記憶力也可以做另一種解釋：記憶的儲存系統(tǒng)總儲量有限，遺忘使這一系

統(tǒng)具有了靈活性。這種看法認(rèn)為：在學(xué)習(xí)或存儲(輸入)與遺忘(輸出)之間有

一個(gè)不斷調(diào)整過程。事實(shí)上，有證據(jù)表明：遺忘率與學(xué)習(xí)的東西的量直接相關(guān)，

這對現(xiàn)代記憶模式一一輸入——輸出保持平衡一一提供了證據(jù)。

第26題:

Inthisarticle,theauthortriestointerpretthefunctionof.

A.remembering

B.forgetting

C.adapting

D.experiencing

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]問題是：在這篇文章里，作者試圖解釋的作用。本文主要談

的是遺忘過程的作用(function),它是人生適應(yīng)機(jī)制的一個(gè)很重要的過程，這

是文章的第二、三、四段旨在說明的。對照而言，第一段所談的內(nèi)容(remembering)

只不過是這個(gè)討論的引子。

“Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?”How

oftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn，tbeenwithusall

thatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslike

withoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,we

neverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoy

13

civilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedto

entertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtodooutside

forouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.

Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalk

occasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeis

regulatedbythegogglebox'.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealsto

beintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingat

tableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.

Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo-anything,providingitdoesn，t

interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolute

silenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouth

duringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.

Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Food

isleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetellyisuniversal

pacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquiet

byputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesn，t

matterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectacles

ofsadismandviolence一solongastheyarequiet.

Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailablein

theworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.

Thatiswhymostofprogrammesarebad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewith

thedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthe

sameprogrammes,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreduced

totheconditionswhichobtaininpre-literatecommunities.Webecome

utterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:

picturesandthespokenword.

Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwith

second-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatching

othersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromthereal

world.Wegotsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,

gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself.Television

maybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfrom

communicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevant

televisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthe

mountain,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,we

quicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotictyrannyofKingTelly.

第27題：

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

A.Weusedtohavehobbiesandgototheatresandsportingevents.

B.Wehavealeisurelyeveningmealandexchangethenewswhenwatching

14

theTV.

C.WequicklyfinishourmealstobeintimeforTVprogrammes.

D.WeareusuallysilentandattentiveinfrontofTV.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

文章大意：自從電視的存在，我們所有的余暇時(shí)間都被電視機(jī)這個(gè)“突屏匣子”

主宰。一代又一代的人成了電視迷，家庭成員之間缺乏交流。質(zhì)量糟糕的電視使

人類社會退回到蒙昧的狀態(tài)，提示電視帶來的種種危害?！綛】第一提到我們已

經(jīng)放棄了在餐桌前一邊悠閑地用餐，一邊交換著日間的所見所聞。所以B是錯(cuò)的。

第28題:

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphistorevealthat

A.childrenareverynoisy.

B.televisionisfullofrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadism

andviolence.

C.televisiondisturbsoursleep.

D.wholegenerationsarefascinatedwithTV.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]第二段講人們在對電視的迷戀中長大，長成了電視迷，使他們飯不吃、家

庭作業(yè)不做、覺不睡、甚至對孩子起到撫慰的作用。所以應(yīng)選D.

第29題：

Accordingtothepassage,thetelevisionbringsinalotofharmsexcept

A.TVmakesuslazy.

B.TVpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.

C.TVmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication.

D.thesameTVprogrammesbringthesocietyintothepre-literate

conditions.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]c項(xiàng)說電視是一種了不起的傳播媒介，這是它好的一面，不是它帶來的危

害。

第30題：

Thebesttitleforthispass