考研英語(yǔ)模擬4

［模擬］考研英語(yǔ)模擬4

多項(xiàng)填空

［聽(tīng)力原文］

AsthedirectoroftheOfficeofInternationalStudentAffairs,itisone

ofmymostpleasantdutiestowelcomeyouonbehalfofCentralUniversity

totheannualinternationaldinner.Thisyear,thefoodyouareenjoying

ispreparedbystudentsfrom35countries.RightnowcoffeefromBrazil

andColombiaisbeingservedatthetablesandforthoseofyouwhoprefer

tea,thereisaselectionofteasfromChina,Japan,andSouthKorea.

Pleasehelpyourselves.

Inthemeantime,Iwouldliketotakeafewminutestothanksome

ofthepeoplewhohaveworkedsohardtomakethiseveningpossible,

especiallyMr.Black,PresidentoftheInternationalStudentAssociation；

MissLeeandMrs.Chu,chairpersonsoftheFoodCommittee.Iamsurethe

dinnercouldn，thavebeensuchasuccesswithouttheirtimeandefforts.

Andnow,asIsee,almosteachonehasbeenserved,let，sbeginour

program.First,itisafashionshow,featuringthetypicaldressof10

countries.Thenfollowedbysomefolksongsanddances.Aftertheprogram,

Imayinviteyoutostaytodance.

第1題：

WhatisthepositionofthespeakerinInternationalStudentAffairs?

參考答案：

thedirector/headoftheoffice

詳細(xì)解答：

第2題：

WhoisMr.Black?

參考答案：

PresidentoftheInternationalStudentAssociation

詳細(xì)解答：

1

第3題：

WhoisMissLee?

參考答案：

chairpersonoftheFoodCommittee

詳細(xì)解答:

a

Thespeakeristalkingabouteyeproblemsof(4)Whatcancause

theretinatoseparatefrom(5)thebackoftheeye?Whatmessages

doesretinasendtothebrain?(6)Theoxygencanhelpthebabies'

(7)Researchersurgedhospitalworkerstousethe(8)bright

lightsonlywhentheymustdo(NaNKB)

［聽(tīng)力原文］

W：Americandoctorssaytheyareconcernedaboutamysteriousincrease

inthenumberofbabieswhobecomeblind.Theproblemaffectspremature

babies.Onestudyfoundthatasmanyastenpercentofthesmallest

prematurebabiesmaydevelopeyeproblems.

Doctorsnotethataprematurebabymaynotbefullydevelopedat

birth.Theireyes,lungsandotherbodypartsarestillforming.Insome

prematurebabies,however,thecontinuingdevelopmentisnotnormal,

startingattheageofaboutfiveweeks.Bloodvesselsintheireyesgrow

wildly.Theunusualbloodvesselscanthencausetheretinatoseparate

fromthebackoftheeye.Theretinaisthepartoftheeyethatcaptures

lightraysandsendsnervemessagestothebrain.Ifitseparatesfrom

therestoftheeye,thebabybecomesblind.

Doctorsarenotexactlysurewhatcausestheuncontrolledgrowth

ofbloodvesselsintheeye.Andtheydonotknowwhytheproblemseems

tobegettingworse.

Scientistsfacedasimilarproblemabout30yearsago.Atthattime,

doctorstreatedprematurebabiesbygivingthemlargeamountsofoxygen.

Theoxygenhelpedthebabies'underdevelopedlungs.Butresearchersthen

discoveredthatlargeamountsofoxygenalsocoulddamagedevelopmentof

bloodvesselsintheeye.Andtheoxygentreatmentswerehalted,except

forbabiesthatneededthem.

Someresearchersbelieveoxygenagainmaybepartoftheproblem.

TheresearchersfromtwoWashingtonhospitalssaybrightlightsmaymake

2

bloodvesselsinprematurebabiesmoreeasilydamagedbyoxygen.The

scientistsnotedthatprematurebabiesoftenareputinverybrightrooms.

Thebrightlightisconsideredimportantforhospitalworkerstoobserve

themedicalequipmentconnectedtothebabies.Theresearcherssaid,

however,thatthisbrightlightisnotneededallthetime.Theyurged

hospitalworkerstousethebrightlightsonlywhentheymustdotests

onbabies.

M：Younowhave50secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions4-8.

M：Nowyouwillheartherecordingagain.

M：Younowhaveanother30secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions4-8.

M：ThatistheendofPartB.

第4題：

參考答案：

prematurebabies

詳細(xì)解答：

第5題：

參考答案：

Unusualbloodvessels

詳細(xì)解答：

第6題：

參考答案：

Nervemessages

詳細(xì)解答：

第7題：

參考答案：

underdevelopedlungs

詳細(xì)解答：

第8題:

3

參考答案:

testsonbabies

詳細(xì)解答:

3

［聽(tīng)力原文］

W：Ladiesandgentlemen,hereweareinthechamberoftheHouseofCommons,

andthisiswherealltheimportantdebatestakeplace,which,ofcourse,

decidewhichnewlawsaregoingtobepassedandhowgovernmentisgoing

tocarryoutitspolicies.

Thechamberyouarelookingattodayhasalotofthefeaturesof

achapel,becauseitwasinSt.Stephen'sChapelthattheHouseofCommons

haditsfirstregularhome:from1547untilitwasburneddowninthegreat

fireof1843-someofyoumayknowthefamouspicturepaintedbyTurner

ofthatfire...Thispresentbuildingisactuallythethirdhomeofthe

Commons.Thesecondone,builtin1852,wasdestroyedbyGermanbombsin

1941,andthisonewasbuiltinthesamestyleastheoldonein1950.

Inall,thereare650members,butifyouweretocountthemyou

wouldfindonly437seats.Soifmembersgettherealittlelate,they

havetocrowdinbythespeakerandstand.

Nowalotofvisitorsthinkthisisabitstrange,andmanyofthe

MPsthemselvescomplainthatit，sridiculous.Theysayyoucan，tcarry

onthebusinessofmoderngovernmentinaplacethat，sold-fashionedand

toosmall.Well,againstallofthat,thereareotherswhosaythatasmall

placelikethisisidealforamoreinformalatmosphere.Youcanmake

comments,getupandaskquestionsmoreeasily,andthepersonontheother

sidecan，tjustmakeabigspeechandthenhide：hehastogetup,face

hiscriticsandgiveananswer.

M：Younowhave50secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions6-10.

M：Nowyouwillheartherecordingagain.

M：Younowhaveanother30secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions6-10.

M：ThatistheendofPartB.

第9題:

參考答案:

4

Importantdebates

詳細(xì)解答：

第10題：

參考答案：

achapel

詳細(xì)解答：

第11題：

參考答案：

In1843

詳細(xì)解答：

第12題：

參考答案：

Germanbombs

詳細(xì)解答：

第13題：

參考答案：

Ridiculous

詳細(xì)解答：

多項(xiàng)選擇

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theother

asaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternal

resultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworker

whogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwho

learnsanewlanguage一theseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurable

resultstoshowfortheirefforts.

5

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmore

difficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthe

specificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroad

itself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircaution

orcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.

Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends；therearealwaysnewways

toexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohavea

willingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthe

possibilitytheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetrya

newwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrowth.Doweperceive

ourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechances

andtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyand

indecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomove

slowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowe

thinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe，renotsmartenoughtocope

withanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleor

nottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtareboth

unavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonot

confrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotect

ourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashell

ofourownmaking.

第二段的三個(gè)句子反復(fù)說(shuō)明了本文的主旨。在最后一段，作者首先從

正面陳述了結(jié)論，然后又從反面陳述一遍，最后再用一個(gè)比喻說(shuō)明這個(gè)道理。

請(qǐng)看文后所附問(wèn)題。

a

第14題:

Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

A.hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

B.hehasmadeeffortsinhiswork

C.heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

D.hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第15題:

Intheauthor，seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould

6

A.succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

B.judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

C.facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

D.aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第16題：

Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line3,paragraphs),heis

referringto.

A.anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

B.anewwayoftakingrisks

C.anewmethodofperceivingourselves

D.anewsystemofadaptingtochange

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第17題：

Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept

A.curiosityaboutmorechances

B.promptnessinself-adaptation

C.open-mindednesstonewexperiences

D.avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

參考答案：D

答案解析：

Rerunsofsituationcomediesfromthefiftiesandearlysixties

dramatizethekindsofproblemsthatparentsusedtohavewiththeir

children.TheCleaversscoldBeaverfornotwashinghishandsbefore

dinner；theAndersonspunishBudfornotdoinghishomework；theNelsons

docklittleRicky，sallowancebecausehekeepsforgettingtocleanhis

room.Buttimeshavechangeddramatically.Beingaparenttodayismuch

moredifficultthanitwasagenerationago.

Today"sparentsmusttry,firstofall,tocontrolallthenew

distractionsthattemptchildrenawayfromschoolwork.Athome,achild

mayhavearoomfurnishedwithastereoandtelevision.Notmanyyoung

peoplecanresisttheurgetolistentoanalbumorwatchMTV-especially

7

ifitistimetodoschoolwork.Outsidethehome,thedistractionsare

evenmorealluring.Childrennolonger"hangout”onaneighborhoodcorner

withinearshotofMomorDad'sremindertocomeinanddohomework.Instead,

theycongregateinvastshoppingmalls,buzzingvideoarcades,and

gleamingfast-foodrestaurants.Parentsandschoolassignmentshave

obviousdifficultycompetingwithsuchenticingalternatives.

Besidesdealingwiththesedistractions,parentsalsohaveto

shieldtheirchildrenfromafloodofsexuallyexplicitmaterials,Today,

childrencanfindsexmagazinesandpornographicpaperbacksinthesame

cornerstorethatonceofferedonlycomicsandcandy.Moreover,themovies

youngpeopleattendoftenfocusonhighlysexualsituations,Itis

difficulttoteachchildrentraditionalvalueswhenfilmsshowteachers

seducingstudentsandyoungpeopletreatingsexasacasualsport.Aneven

moredifficultmatterforparentsistheheavilysexualcontentof

programsontelevision.

Mostdisturbingtoparentstoday,however,istheincreasein

life-threateningdangersthatfaceyoungpeople.Whenchildrenaresmall,

parentsfearthattheiryoungstersmaybevictimsofviolence.Everynews

programseemstocarryareportaboutamassmurdererwhopreysonyoung

girls,adeviantwhohasburiedsixboysinhiscellar,oranorganized

childpornographyringthatmolestspreschoolers.Whenchildrenareolder,

parentsbegintoworryabouttheirkids，useofdrugs.Peerpressureto

experimentwithdrugsisoftenstrongerthanparents，warnings.This

pressuretoexperimentcanbefatalifthedrugshavebeenmixedwith

dangerouschemicals.

Withinonegeneration,theworldasaplacetoraisechildren

haschangeddramatically.Onewondershowyesterday，sparentswouldhave

dealtwithtoday，sproblems.CouldtheAndersonshavekeptbutawayfrom

MTV?CouldtheNelsonshaveshieldedlittleRickyfromsexuallyexplicit

material?CouldtheCleavershaveprotectedBeaverfromdrugs?Parents

mustbeawareofallthesedistractionsanddangers,yetbewillingto

givetheirchildrenthefreedomtheyneedtobecomeresponsibleadults.

Itisnotaneasytask.

［聽(tīng)力原文］

父母的責(zé)任

回放五十年代和六十年代早期的情景喜劇片，使從前父母對(duì)待孩子問(wèn)題很

惹人注目。例如，克里夫夫婦因?yàn)楸任譀](méi)有在飯前洗手而責(zé)備他；安德森夫婦因

為巴德沒(méi)有做家庭作業(yè)而懲罰他；尼爾森夫婦因?yàn)樾∪鹌婵偸峭浨鍜咚姆块g

而扣掉他的零用錢(qián)。但是，時(shí)代的變化是驚人的，作為今天的父母比上一代人要

8

困難得多了。

首先，今天的父母必須努力控制所有新的會(huì)誘使孩子逃避功課的各種干

擾。在家里，孩子可能擁有一間配有立體音響和電視機(jī)的房間?，F(xiàn)在沒(méi)有多少年

輕人能夠抵擋住想要聽(tīng)唱片或看MTV的沖動(dòng)--尤其是做功課的時(shí)候。家庭外的

干擾甚至更具誘惑力。放學(xué)后孩子們不再在附近能聽(tīng)到父母提醒回去做作業(yè)聲音

的地方“閑逛”，取而代之的是，他們聚集在大型購(gòu)物廣場(chǎng)，嘈雜的影像市場(chǎng)，

或明亮的快餐店。父母的叮囑與學(xué)校的作業(yè)顯然很難與這些誘人的活動(dòng)相抗衡。

除了對(duì)付上述干擾之外，父母還不得不保護(hù)孩子不受那些四處泛濫的有著

露骨性描寫(xiě)的各種材料的侵害。現(xiàn)在，孩子們?cè)谝郧爸毁u(mài)連環(huán)畫(huà)和糖果的街角小

店里可以找到性雜志和色情平裝書(shū)。更有甚者，在年輕人常去的電影院經(jīng)常放映

色情級(jí)別很高的片子，當(dāng)電影上演著老師引誘學(xué)生，年輕人把性看做一項(xiàng)很隨便

的游戲時(shí)，讓孩子們接受傳統(tǒng)觀念實(shí)在是困難的。還有一個(gè)更讓父母?jìng)冾^痛的問(wèn)

題，那就是電視中播放性色彩很濃的節(jié)目。

然而，最讓今天的父母?jìng)兏械讲话驳氖俏＜昂⒆由】档奈ｋU(xiǎn)在增加。

當(dāng)孩子還小的時(shí)候，父母害怕自己的小孩成為暴力的犧牲品。每個(gè)新聞節(jié)目似乎

都報(bào)導(dǎo)過(guò)這樣的消息：專(zhuān)門(mén)攻擊女孩的大規(guī)模謀殺案的兇手，在地窖里埋葬了六

個(gè)小男孩的變態(tài)狂，猥褻學(xué)前幼童的有組織的兒童色情團(tuán)伙。孩子長(zhǎng)大后，父母

開(kāi)始擔(dān)心孩子使用毒品。其他人吸毒造成的壓力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)要大于父母親警告的威力，

如果毒品中帶有危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)制品時(shí)，這種吸毒的壓力會(huì)是致命的。

在一代人的里，作為撫養(yǎng)小孩場(chǎng)所的這個(gè)世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變

化。人們會(huì)問(wèn)昨天的父母如何解決今天的問(wèn)題？安德魯夫婦能讓他（她）們的孩

子離開(kāi)MTV嗎？尼爾森夫婦能保護(hù)小瑞奇不看暴露色情的材料嗎？克里夫婦能

保護(hù)比沃不受毒品侵害嗎？父母必須對(duì)所有這些干擾和危險(xiǎn)有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)，但也

應(yīng)該愿意給孩子提供要成為負(fù)責(zé)任的成年人所需要的自由o這可不是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的任

務(wù)。

第18題：

Traditionalvaluesbecomemoredifficultforyoungergenerationtoaccept

because.

A.teacherssetbadexamplesforstudents

B.badsideeffectsonchildrenfromTVandfilmsoutweighthe

traditionaleducation

C.parentsfailedineducatingtheirchildren

D.theyoungergenerationcannotresistthetemptationfromallsorts

ofdistractions

參考答案：B

答案解析：

B電視和電影帶給孩子們的負(fù)面影響超過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的教育。推理題。見(jiàn)3段末2句。

A、C文中未提。D雖提到但非原因。

第19題：

Accordingtotheauthor,whattheparentsnowmostfearforabouttheir

childrenis.

A.physicaldangers

9

B.violentTVprograms

C.enticing

D.sexmagazines

參考答案：A

答案解析：

A生命危險(xiǎn)。細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)4段1句。其他3項(xiàng)雖提到，但非最擔(dān)心的。

第20題：

Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor，sattitude

towardsbeingaresponsibleparent?

A.Frustrated

B.Pessimistic

C.Wait-andsee

D.Positive

參考答案：D

答案解析：

D肯定的。為作者態(tài)度題。見(jiàn)末段倒2句。A失望，B寬容，C等著瞧。均非作

者態(tài)度。

第21題：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatparentstoday.

A.mustpaymuchmoreattentiontotheirchildren'sbehavior

B.havetostrengthentheeducationontraditionalvalues

C.havetostrikeabalancebetweentheirneedtoprovidelimitations

andtheirchildren，sneedforfreedom

D.mustpreventtheirchildrenfromallkindsofseductionsofthe

society

參考答案：c

答案解析：

c必須在他們給孩子限制的需要和他們孩子對(duì)自由的需要之間尋求平衡。為推理

題?？捎赡┒巫詈笠痪渫瞥?。其他各項(xiàng)皆不符文意。如：A須多注意他們孩子的

行為B須加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的教育D須防止孩子受到社會(huì)上各種誘惑

第22題:

Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.Parents'WorriesToday

B.ChallengesforToday'sParents

C.Parents,Responsibilities

D.ConfusionsofParentsToday

參考答案：B

io

答案解析：

B對(duì)今天家長(zhǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。為主旨題。由最后一段可推出，此為最佳標(biāo)題。A今日父

母的考慮C父母的責(zé)任D今日父母的困惑。均指出局部，不全面。

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviorisevidenceofan

obviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.

Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.

Constantpracticehassuchaseffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillful

performanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreading

andunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehaviordemands

memory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.The

abilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexists

dependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedon

rememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryfora

taskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathas

beenlearnedtendstobeforgotten；andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynot

seemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanseemto

beadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedto

havesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,

whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoserious

anxiety,forgettingmayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionary

interpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonly

gradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallits

possibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemories

failedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceold

memoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesfor

inferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,

forexample,learnedbehaviorthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeago

maynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)

forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.

Thisforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthe

species.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemof

limitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythrough

forgetting.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearning

ormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).Indeed,thereis

evidencethattherateatwhichindividualsforgetisdirectlyrelated

tohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffersgrosssupportof

contemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.

11

第23題：

Fromtheevolutionarypointofview,.

A.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive.

B.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbevery

adaptive

C.thegradualprocessofforgettingisanindicationofan

individual'sadaptability

D.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]問(wèn)題是：從進(jìn)化的角度來(lái)看，oD意為：突然失去記

憶力會(huì)導(dǎo)致生存適應(yīng)問(wèn)題。文章第一段指出，人生許多問(wèn)題的解決依賴(lài)

于我們對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情的記憶。第二段第二、三句指出，如果我們不及時(shí)復(fù)

習(xí)或練習(xí)已學(xué)過(guò)的東西的話，過(guò)一段時(shí)間，我們可能忘記它，這種情況所造成的

適應(yīng)性（adaptive）后果也許不太明顯。然而，突然失去記憶力卻會(huì)對(duì)適應(yīng)帶來(lái)

明顯后果。舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，假如你一覺(jué)醒來(lái)，發(fā)覺(jué)自己失去了一切記憶，那樣會(huì)

發(fā)生什么呢？譯文五過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷能夠影響隨后的行為，這種顯而易見(jiàn)但

卻十分重要的行為就叫做記憶。如果沒(méi)有記憶這種功能，學(xué)習(xí)行為就不可能發(fā)生。

不斷的練習(xí)對(duì)記憶產(chǎn)生影響，使我們能熟練地演奏鋼琴，背誦詩(shī)歌，閱讀和理解

文字。所謂的智力行為需要記憶，記憶也是推理的基礎(chǔ)。解決問(wèn)題的能力，甚至

識(shí)別問(wèn)題的能力，都要依靠記憶。例如，做出穿越馬路的決定就是建立在對(duì)以前

類(lèi)似經(jīng)歷的記憶的基礎(chǔ)之上的。練習(xí)（或者復(fù)習(xí)）能夠建立和鞏固對(duì)事

情或?qū)W(xué)到的知識(shí)的記憶。如果一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有練習(xí)，學(xué)到的東西就有可能忘掉，

這種適應(yīng)的結(jié)果可能并不明顯。但是突然性的遺忘就可以看作是適應(yīng)的結(jié)果了。

從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，遺忘的能力可以理解成是在動(dòng)物的自然選擇過(guò)程中保留下來(lái)

的。確實(shí)如此，一段令人痛苦的記憶會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的焦慮不安，這時(shí)遺忘可以緩解

痛苦。然而，這種解釋很難真正讓人了解普通的緩慢遺忘的過(guò)程是怎樣從自然選

擇的過(guò)程中保留下來(lái)的。在考慮記憶的進(jìn)化問(wèn)題時(shí)，可以思考一下，如

果記憶永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)淡忘，那會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況呢？很顯然，遺忘有助于時(shí)間上的調(diào)整,

因?yàn)榕f的記憶會(huì)褪色，而新的記憶變得更加明顯，使我們能夠推測(cè)事情發(fā)生的時(shí)

間先后。如果不遺忘，人的適應(yīng)能力就會(huì)受到破壞，比如：十年前正確的行為十

年后可能已經(jīng)不正確了。在一些病例中，有的人遺忘的太少（和普通人相比），

以至于他們的行為充滿了混淆。這樣看來(lái)，遺忘似乎有助于個(gè)人和整個(gè)人類(lèi)的生

存。另一種猜想是存儲(chǔ)記憶的系統(tǒng)的容量是有限的，因此通過(guò)遺忘靈活

地進(jìn)行調(diào)整。在學(xué)習(xí)或者記憶存儲(chǔ)（輸入）和遺忘（輸出）之間不斷進(jìn)行著調(diào)整。

實(shí)際上，有證據(jù)表明一個(gè)人遺忘的速度和他學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的速度是直接相關(guān)的。這

些數(shù)據(jù)完全證明了當(dāng)代的輸入一一輸出平衡的記憶模式。

第24題：

Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonneverforgot,.

A.hewouldsurvivebest

B.hewouldhavealotoftrouble

C.hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced

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D.theevolutionofmemorywouldstop

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]問(wèn)題是：根據(jù)本文，如果一個(gè)人從來(lái)不會(huì)忘記，o第三

段第三、四句指出，沒(méi)有遺忘過(guò)程，人就無(wú)法適應(yīng)。例如，十年前正確的做法現(xiàn)

在未必合適，所以應(yīng)忘記它。對(duì)遺忘很少的人的調(diào)查也表明：他們的日?；顒?dòng)缺

乏頭緒。這與B項(xiàng)吻合。

第25題：

Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat_______

A.forgetfulnessisaresponsetolearning

B.thememorystoragesystemisanexactlybalancedinput-outputsystem

C.memoryisacompensationforforgetting

D.thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedbecause

forgettingoccurs

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[[A]問(wèn)題是：從最后一段，我們可以得知。文章最后一段指

出，對(duì)記憶力也可以做另一種解釋?zhuān)河洃浀膬?chǔ)存系統(tǒng)總儲(chǔ)量有限，遺忘使這一系

統(tǒng)具有了靈活性。這種看法認(rèn)為：在學(xué)習(xí)或存儲(chǔ)(輸入)與遺忘(輸出)之間有

一個(gè)不斷調(diào)整過(guò)程。事實(shí)上，有證據(jù)表明：遺忘率與學(xué)習(xí)的東西的量直接相關(guān)，

這對(duì)現(xiàn)代記憶模式一一輸入——輸出保持平衡一一提供了證據(jù)。

第26題:

Inthisarticle,theauthortriestointerpretthefunctionof.

A.remembering

B.forgetting

C.adapting

D.experiencing

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]問(wèn)題是：在這篇文章里，作者試圖解釋的作用。本文主要談

的是遺忘過(guò)程的作用(function),它是人生適應(yīng)機(jī)制的一個(gè)很重要的過(guò)程，這

是文章的第二、三、四段旨在說(shuō)明的。對(duì)照而言，第一段所談的內(nèi)容(remembering)

只不過(guò)是這個(gè)討論的引子。

“Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?”How

oftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn，tbeenwithusall

thatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslike

withoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,we

neverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoy

13

civilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedto

entertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtodooutside

forouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.

Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalk

occasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeis

regulatedbythegogglebox'.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealsto

beintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingat

tableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.

Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo-anything,providingitdoesn，t

interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolute

silenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouth

duringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.

Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Food

isleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetellyisuniversal

pacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquiet

byputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesn，t

matterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectacles

ofsadismandviolence一solongastheyarequiet.

Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailablein

theworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.

Thatiswhymostofprogrammesarebad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewith

thedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthe

sameprogrammes,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreduced

totheconditionswhichobtaininpre-literatecommunities.Webecome

utterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:

picturesandthespokenword.

Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwith

second-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatching

othersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromthereal

world.Wegotsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,

gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself.Television

maybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfrom

communicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevant

televisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthe

mountain,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,we

quicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotictyrannyofKingTelly.

第27題：

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

A.Weusedtohavehobbiesandgototheatresandsportingevents.

B.Wehavealeisurelyeveningmealandexchangethenewswhenwatching

14

theTV.

C.WequicklyfinishourmealstobeintimeforTVprogrammes.

D.WeareusuallysilentandattentiveinfrontofTV.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

文章大意：自從電視的存在，我們所有的余暇時(shí)間都被電視機(jī)這個(gè)“突屏匣子”

主宰。一代又一代的人成了電視迷，家庭成員之間缺乏交流。質(zhì)量糟糕的電視使

人類(lèi)社會(huì)退回到蒙昧的狀態(tài)，提示電視帶來(lái)的種種危害。【B】第一提到我們已

經(jīng)放棄了在餐桌前一邊悠閑地用餐，一邊交換著日間的所見(jiàn)所聞。所以B是錯(cuò)的。

第28題:

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphistorevealthat

A.childrenareverynoisy.

B.televisionisfullofrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadism

andviolence.

C.televisiondisturbsoursleep.

D.wholegenerationsarefascinatedwithTV.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]第二段講人們?cè)趯?duì)電視的迷戀中長(zhǎng)大，長(zhǎng)成了電視迷，使他們飯不吃、家

庭作業(yè)不做、覺(jué)不睡、甚至對(duì)孩子起到撫慰的作用。所以應(yīng)選D.

第29題：

Accordingtothepassage,thetelevisionbringsinalotofharmsexcept

A.TVmakesuslazy.

B.TVpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.

C.TVmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication.

D.thesameTVprogrammesbringthesocietyintothepre-literate

conditions.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]c項(xiàng)說(shuō)電視是一種了不起的傳播媒介，這是它好的一面，不是它帶來(lái)的危

害。

第30題：

Thebesttitleforthispass