新教材英語(yǔ)外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)提升訓(xùn)練uNIT5REVEALINGNATUREPART2USINGLANGUAGE

Part2Usinglanguage基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.A(特征)ofthisanimalisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutwater.2.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshas(減少)by50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.3.Shesaystheintroductionoftheplantsandanimalsnot(源于)toHawaiiisthemainreasonfortheextinction.4.IntheXiaDynasty,Chinahadgraduallyenteredtheslavesocietyfromthepsociety.

5.Youshouldnotbothersforwhatisyourownfault.

Ⅱ.用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空carryout;bycontrast;inparticular;serveas;fightoff;intheend1.Sincethebeginningofthe19thcentury,Americahashadtroublewithenvironmentalproblems,airpollution.2.Agooddietandfitbodywillhelpyoutoillnessanddisease—andtorecovermorequicklyifyoudobecomesick.3.Chinahasachievedremarkableresultsinfightingthenewpandemic.,somecountrieshavedoneapoorjob.

4.Shedidn'tthinkthathewaswellenoughtosuchadifficulttask.5.HisresearchcanvaluablereferencefortheUNtocontrolthespreadofEBOLA,adeadlyvirus.6.,theattemptfailed,butthereverberationsstillcanbefelttoday.

Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.ThefiveboroughsofNewYorkCityarethoughttobehomespeakersofaround800languages,manyofthemclosetoextinction.

2.IcouldspeaktheirlanguageandidentifywiththeirproblemsbecauseI(be)theremyselfbefore.3.Thenewsthatthey(discover)oilinthedesertmadeushappy.4.Joeisproudandstubborn,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelse(blame).5.Theystolemywallet,becauseI(forget)tolockthelocker.

Ⅳ.完成句子1.布朗先生在我起床的時(shí)候已經(jīng)做好了早餐。MrBrownhadcookedbreakfast.

2.在簡(jiǎn)到達(dá)的時(shí)候,我們已經(jīng)等待了3個(gè)小時(shí)。Janearrivedwehadbeenwaitingfor3hours.

3.老師從辦公室回來(lái)時(shí),他剛把教室打掃完。Hetheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.

4.那兩個(gè)陌生人交談起來(lái)就好像他們是多年的好朋友一樣。Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyformanyyears.

5.在教堂墓地屹立了300年的老橡樹突然間倒在了地上。Theoldoaktree,whichinthechurchyardfor300years,suddenlycrashedtotheground.6.約翰和簡(jiǎn)在結(jié)婚前就已經(jīng)彼此認(rèn)識(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。JohnandJaneeachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.

7.她說(shuō)自從到這兒以來(lái)她已取得了很大的進(jìn)步。Shesaidshesinceshecamehere.

8.我本打算去拜訪你的,但沒(méi)能去成。Itocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.

9.他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。theaudienceinterruptedhim.

10.那是他第一次見到自己的名字被刊印出來(lái)。Itwasthefirsttimeinprint.

能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021河南洛陽(yáng)一中高一月考,)Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛蟲)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液).Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1.Theleavesofthehollyplanthavemorespinesonthelowerbranchesbecausemostanimals.

A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily2.Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse.

A.chemicalmeansB.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicalsD.sandymaterials3.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlants'LeavesⅡ.七選五(2020安徽黃山高一期末,)Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapses(突觸)inthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemedtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice..5.Ⅲ.完形填空(2020山東高考模擬,)MynameisMirandaGibson.Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.Somepeoplemightwonder1onearthIwouldchoosetodothat.

Ihavewalkedthroughthisforestmanytimes.OnDecember12,2011,2rolledintotheforestandthedestruction(摧毀)began.Icouldn't3thethoughtthattheseforestswouldbe4forever.So,onDecember14,2011,Ipackedupmylife,5ofmyjobplans,andclimbed60meterstothetopofthistree.Ihavebeenhereeversince.

Lifeinthetreetopcanbe6attimes.IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustrated(沮喪的)andwishIcould7,toanywhere,justhavea8ofsceneryforaminute!Therearetimestoo,whenIfeelterribly9.Imissmyfriendsandfamily.10thesetimes,Ifindmyselflovingthe11.

Livingonthetreehasbeeninspiring.Iamwillingto12hereforaslongasittakes,13Ihonestlyhopeitwon'tbetoo14beforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbe15.

B.whenC.howD.whereB.animalsC.machineryD.touristsB.helpC.keepD.spareB.stolenC.protectedD.lostoutB.fellshortC.ranoutD.letgoB.riskyC.challengingD.rewardingupB.getawayC.giveinD.giveupB.lookC.searchD.touchB.nervousC.sorryD.lonelyB.WithoutC.DespiteD.UnlikeB.experienceC.backgroundD.positionB.stopC.stayD.hideB.thoughC.becauseD.soB.longC.nearD.badB.loggedC.burnedD.missedPart2Usinglanguage基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練Ⅰ.1.characteristic2.declined3.native4.primitive5.blameⅡ.1.inparticular2.fightoff3.Bycontrast4.carryout5.serveas6.IntheendⅢ.1.to考查介詞。句意:紐約市的五個(gè)區(qū)被認(rèn)為是大約800種語(yǔ)言使用者的家園,其中許多語(yǔ)言瀕臨滅絕。behometo意為“……的家園/棲息地”。2.hadbeen考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我會(huì)講他們的語(yǔ)言,能體會(huì)他們的難處,因?yàn)槲易约涸谀抢锎^(guò)。根據(jù)句意和before可知此處表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3.haddiscovered考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他們?cè)谏衬锇l(fā)現(xiàn)石油的消息使我們高興。此句的主干為Thenewsmadeushappy,discover表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在made之前,表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4.toblame考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:喬驕傲而固執(zhí),從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了,總是找別人來(lái)責(zé)怪。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式toblame作someoneelse的后置定語(yǔ)。5.hadforgotten考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他們偷了我的錢包,因?yàn)槲彝涙i儲(chǔ)物柜了。forget表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在stole之前,表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Ⅳ.1.whenIgotup2.Bythetime3.hadjustfinishedsweeping4.hadbeengoodfriends5.hadstood6.hadknown7.hadmademuch/greatprogress8.hadintended9.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhen10.hehadseenhisname能力提升練Ⅰ.◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的,有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法,有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法,使自己免受動(dòng)物的傷害,保護(hù)自己。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.可知選D項(xiàng)。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.可知橡樹有厚的、堅(jiān)硬的葉子,使用的是物理學(xué)上的方法來(lái)保護(hù)自己。故B項(xiàng)正確。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Whenacaterpillar(毛蟲)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.可知當(dāng)煙葉受到毛蟲攻擊時(shí),樹根分泌出更多的尼古丁,故C項(xiàng)正確。4.B主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的,有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法,有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法,使自己免受動(dòng)物的傷害,保護(hù)自己?！靖哳l詞匯】1.underattack遭到攻擊2.runaway離開;逃離3.discouragev.阻攔;阻止;勸阻4.branchn.樹枝5.weardown(使)磨短;(使)變小6.defensen.防衛(wèi),防護(hù);防御能力7.stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離Ⅱ.◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人和動(dòng)物需要睡眠的一些理論以及睡眠的重要性。1.C根據(jù)前一句Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.可知如果實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠不睡覺(jué),一個(gè)月內(nèi)它們就死了。同樣,人幾天不睡覺(jué),就會(huì)生病。人和動(dòng)物形成對(duì)應(yīng),死和生病形成對(duì)應(yīng),故選C。2.E前一句提到睡覺(jué)有助于我們加強(qiáng)新的記憶。所以學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)后如果有機(jī)會(huì)睡一覺(jué),他們?cè)跍y(cè)試中就會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好,前后為因果關(guān)系,故選E。3.F根據(jù)下文中的he可知,此處要提到一個(gè)人以及他的理論,正好F項(xiàng)中有,故選F。4.G根據(jù)下文中提到的關(guān)鍵詞synapsesinthemice以及整個(gè)句子可知,他肯定做了關(guān)于老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn),G項(xiàng)有關(guān)鍵詞synapses和mice,都與他的實(shí)驗(yàn)有關(guān),故答案為G。5.B根據(jù)后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters“你記住重要的東西”可知大腦會(huì)把最重要的記憶保存下來(lái),前后邏輯關(guān)系順暢,故選B?！靖哳l詞匯】1.foggyadj.有霧的;模糊的2.strengthenv.加強(qiáng);增強(qiáng)3.awakeadj.醒著(尤指入睡前或剛醒時(shí))4.overnightadv.在夜間,在晚上;突然,一夜之間5.measurev.測(cè)量;估量,判定(重要性、價(jià)值或影響等)6.becomeloadedwith變得充滿……的長(zhǎng)難句分析原句Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.分析此句中第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,作theory的同位語(yǔ)。makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。句意越來(lái)越多的人支持這樣一種理論:睡眠的逐步發(fā)展使大腦中神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系能在一夜之間減弱,為第二天新的記憶的形成創(chuàng)造了空間。Ⅲ.◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。為保護(hù)森林,作者在樹頂居住,這一做法強(qiáng)烈地表達(dá)了作者保護(hù)森林的意志和決心。1.A根據(jù)Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.以及第二段所述原因可知,文章的第二段恰恰是對(duì)該空的回應(yīng)。此處表示“我究竟為什么要選擇這樣做”。2.C根據(jù)rolledinto以及thedestruction可知這里講的是大規(guī)模砍伐森林。machinery(統(tǒng)稱)機(jī)器,(尤指)大型機(jī)器,符合語(yǔ)境。