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5.施工技術(shù)措施5。1LNG儲罐施工5.1。1LNG儲罐罐體施工程序(constructionsequence)LNG儲罐罐體主要施工程序見“圖5。1-1LNG罐罐體施工流程圖”。5。1。2罐頂及鋼結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)制5。1。3罐頂臨時支撐安裝5.1。4罐頂板安裝5.1.5臨時支撐拆除5。1。6鋁吊頂安裝(1)、鋁吊頂預(yù)制Ⅰ邊緣圈梁的預(yù)制邊緣圈梁按每8-10m為一段進行預(yù)制。邊緣圈梁的環(huán)板和立板使用等離子切割機進行下料,下料時留出5mm的加工裕量,下料完畢后,使用坡口加工機或刨邊機加工邊緣;立板使用滾床進行滾弧,滾弧時應(yīng)注意將滾床輥子表面的毛刺、麻點等雜物清理干凈并在輥子表面均勻的纏裹2—3層白膠布,防止劃傷鋁板表面.圈梁的立板和環(huán)板加工完畢后,組對成“T”型,并進行焊接.最后在立板上號線、打孔。圈梁預(yù)制時應(yīng)注意:圈梁的立板與環(huán)板間的焊縫應(yīng)錯開250—300mm(如下圖).Ⅱ鋁板安裝前,將鉆好孔的鋁肋板安裝焊接在鋁板上。Ⅲ鋁板在預(yù)制時應(yīng)注意保護防止變形及劃傷,鋁吊頂?shù)念A(yù)制必須在上鋪橡膠板的平臺上進行;預(yù)制成型的構(gòu)件必須放置在橡膠板或木板上.(2)、吊桿安裝用倒鏈將吊桿吊起后安裝在罐頂?shù)匿摿荷?并調(diào)節(jié)吊桿基本垂直,檢查吊桿安裝是否牢固,并檢查下端是否基本處以同一水平面.(3)、邊緣圈梁安裝吊桿安裝完畢后,將圈梁逐段安裝到吊桿上,調(diào)節(jié)圈梁環(huán)板基本處于同一水平面,并組對圈梁間的焊縫,(4)、鋁板安裝鋁板在安裝完肋板后從中心向四周進行安裝,安裝時使用導(dǎo)鏈和滑輪組將鋁板吊起,用螺栓連接肋板與吊柱;安裝完部分鋁板后組對鋁板間的焊縫并進行焊接。鋁吊頂周邊與圈梁相連接的邊緣鋁板待鋁板安裝到周邊后,按實際尺寸進行下料、預(yù)制并進行安裝。(5)、鋁吊頂?shù)暮附愉X板焊接前必須進行化學(xué)清洗或機械清理后再進行焊接,化學(xué)清理的方法如下:先使用丙酮將坡口周圍的油污清理干凈,使用10%的NaOH(40—60℃)清洗4小時,再使用30%的HNO3中和1—3小時,最后用清水清洗后,風(fēng)干。鋁吊頂?shù)暮缚p,基本上使用MIG焊進行焊接,對于一些小型構(gòu)件,使用TIG焊進行焊接.5。1.7壓縮環(huán)預(yù)制安裝壓縮環(huán)在預(yù)制場按8—10一段分段預(yù)制成型后,在罐吹頂前安裝到混凝土上。安裝時注意防止壓縮環(huán)翹曲變形.5。1.8罐頂氣舉頂升(1)、吹頂前的準(zhǔn)備工作Ⅰ吹頂前必須完成的施工項目罐頂包括罐頂附件必須全部安裝焊接完畢,并檢查合格;鋁吊頂必須全部安裝、焊接完畢并檢查合格;混凝土墻必須施工完畢,并經(jīng)過養(yǎng)護期,基本達到設(shè)計強度。罐頂部壓縮環(huán)安裝焊接在混凝土墻的鋼預(yù)埋件上安裝罐頂?shù)闹行闹芭R時支柱已拆除。壓縮環(huán)與罐頂板間的組裝卡具準(zhǔn)備完畢.Ⅱ吹頂?shù)墓ぱb、設(shè)備準(zhǔn)備a平衡裝置的安裝罐吹頂前必須安裝用鋼絲繩和滑輪組成的平衡裝置(如下圖),罐頂平衡裝置共26套沿徑向均布.平衡裝置的鋼絲繩頂部固定在混凝土墻上,下端固定在罐底的鉚點上。b密封裝置罐吹頂前將厚5mm寬1000mm的橡膠板作為密封裝置用臨時壓板固定在罐頂下部周圈。安裝完畢后,是否安裝牢固。吹頂前一些大的管孔也要用盲板封死。c風(fēng)壓調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)為便于觀察罐內(nèi)風(fēng)壓的大小,在罐底部和罐頂部設(shè)兩套風(fēng)壓計,風(fēng)壓計用“U”型管制作,如下圖:在風(fēng)機進風(fēng)管處安裝調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)門和排風(fēng)管,便于調(diào)節(jié)罐內(nèi)風(fēng)壓。d進風(fēng)系統(tǒng)吹頂用風(fēng)通過兩臺風(fēng)量為86385m3/h,風(fēng)壓為1671Pa的混流風(fēng)機供給,進罐的臨時通道用δ=10mm的鋼板臨時封堵,風(fēng)機通過管線連接在臨時封板的開孔上.吹頂時要準(zhǔn)備兩臺75kw的交流發(fā)電機作為備用電源。Ⅲ吹頂前檢查檢查吹頂前,需要完成的施工項目是否已完成。檢查確認(rèn)罐頂與臨時支撐之間無點焊等各種形式的連接。確認(rèn)吹頂?shù)呐R時設(shè)施如平衡裝置、密封裝置等已正確地進行了安裝。風(fēng)機、發(fā)電機、電路、風(fēng)路以及風(fēng)力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)等在吹頂前必須經(jīng)過試驗,運轉(zhuǎn)正常后方可投入使用。備用風(fēng)機和備用發(fā)電機也必須經(jīng)過試驗.(2)、吹頂Ⅰ吹頂前建立統(tǒng)一的指揮系統(tǒng),明確指揮信號,編制詳細的操作規(guī)程。Ⅱ操作員接到送風(fēng)的指令后,啟動風(fēng)機,觀查風(fēng)壓并逐漸加大風(fēng)量,直至罐頂緩慢浮起.Ⅲ調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)量保證罐頂勻速升。Ⅳ不斷觀察風(fēng)壓,保證風(fēng)壓穩(wěn)定。Ⅴ吹頂期間指揮員與操作員不得擅自離崗。(3)、壓縮環(huán)和罐頂?shù)慕M裝焊接罐頂吹至頂部與壓縮環(huán)靠緊時,在罐頂上每隔0。5m焊接一個龍門板,用扁楔子組裝壓縮環(huán)與罐頂焊縫、點焊并進行焊接。組對形式如下圖所示:(4)、停風(fēng)和臨時設(shè)施的拆除罐頂板和壓縮環(huán)焊接完畢后,停止送風(fēng),并拆除吹頂用的平衡裝置、密封裝置等臨時設(shè)施;將點焊的焊點、疤痕等打磨干凈;拆除風(fēng)機等送風(fēng)設(shè)備及管線、拆除進罐的臨時堵板。5.1.9角部保護處的施工(1)、罐底與罐壁連接處施工程序罐底襯板施工罐底襯板施工(碳鋼底板)混凝土墻內(nèi)第一圈防潮襯板施工罐底混凝土層澆筑保溫層施工第二層罐底的邊緣板施工角部第一圈9%Ni鋼保護板安裝混凝土環(huán)梁施工內(nèi)罐罐底邊緣板施工(2)、罐底襯板與罐壁第一圈混凝土防潮襯板的施工Ⅰ罐底襯板在罐底混凝土施工完畢后,鋪設(shè)并進行焊接,焊接時要注意采取合理的焊接順序,防止焊接變形;罐底襯板與罐比預(yù)埋件連接的邊緣板根據(jù)實際尺寸進行下料。Ⅱ罐壁第一圈防潮襯板待罐底板施工完畢后進行施工,防潮襯板使用倒鏈吊起緊貼在罐壁上,點焊后焊接在混凝土的預(yù)埋件上。(3)、第二層底板的邊緣板先進行號出每塊板的位置線,然后用吊車順序進行鋪設(shè)并進行組對,組對時應(yīng)注意保證坡口間隙為3±2mm,錯邊量不大于2。5mm;邊緣板進行焊接時,先用手工焊進行打底焊,焊接完畢后,打磨并進行著色檢查,然后再進行填充焊接。(4)、第二層底板的邊緣板焊接完畢后,進行真空試驗,合格后號出第一圈9%Ni鋼壁板的位置線,安裝定位板后組對第一圈壁板。壁板安裝后檢查垂直度、橢圓度、焊縫間隙、縱縫錯變量全部合格后,現(xiàn)焊接縱縫再焊接壁板與底板的角焊縫。(5)、混凝土環(huán)梁施工完畢后,安裝內(nèi)罐罐底邊緣板,安裝方法基本與第二層底板邊緣板相同.5.1.10罐壁施工(1)、混凝土墻內(nèi)襯板安裝吹頂完畢后,先將角部保護區(qū)域內(nèi)剩余部分的襯板安裝完畢,再安裝其它襯板。其它襯板安裝前,先在罐內(nèi)將混凝土墻內(nèi)襯板預(yù)制成長條,然后用卷揚機吊起安裝在混凝土墻內(nèi)的預(yù)埋件上,安裝時應(yīng)注意盡量使鋼板貼緊混凝土墻.(2).角部第二層護板及保溫層的施工Ⅰ角部保護部分的混凝土墻內(nèi)襯板施工完畢后,安裝角部第二層護板。安裝前,先將環(huán)縫墊板安裝好,再安裝壁板,壁板安裝前,立縫兩側(cè)各點焊三個方帽環(huán)縫點焊9—10個方帽。Ⅱ組對時先使用圓楔子和背杠(用10#槽鋼制作)固定環(huán)縫如下圖:Ⅲ縱縫使用球罐卡具固定如下圖:(3)、內(nèi)罐施工Ⅰ圍第一圈壁板a、號壁板位置線在邊緣板上號出壁板的安裝位置。壁板內(nèi)側(cè)安裝基準(zhǔn)線R考慮到縱縫的焊縫收縮,R必須滿足以下要求:R≥圖紙要求的焊后壁板內(nèi)徑+(1.5×第一圈壁板的焊縫數(shù)量)/2πb、點焊壁板安裝限位板沿壁板內(nèi)側(cè)安裝基準(zhǔn)線點焊壁板內(nèi)側(cè)限位板,沿壁板外側(cè)基準(zhǔn)線(內(nèi)側(cè)基準(zhǔn)線半徑R+第一圈壁板板厚)點焊壁板外側(cè)限位板。每隔1m點焊一限位板,內(nèi)外交錯,立縫兩側(cè)100mm處必須有限位板。(如下圖)C、圍第一圈壁板圍第一圈壁板時,通常從0°或90°、180°、270°開始,先確定第一張壁板位置并安裝第一張壁板。然后從該張壁板開始向兩邊同時圍板.板與板間的縱縫先用兩馬卡具進行固定,每條縱縫至少需要三套卡具。第一圈壁板圍完后,每張板上安裝兩套絲杠用以調(diào)整壁板垂直度。Ⅱ圍其它各圈壁板a其它各圈壁板圍板的方法與第一圈板基本相同,但是圍板前要做好以下準(zhǔn)備工作:*在所要圍的壁板上點焊用于懸掛三角架的蝴蝶板(每隔2500mm點焊一個)以及用于組對縱縫的方帽(每側(cè)3個)。點焊位置如下圖:*在下一圈壁板上懸掛三角架,搭設(shè)跳板、護欄作為施工用腳手架.*在距下一圈壁板上口250-300mm處點焊龍門板,每隔1500mm點焊一個,每張壁板上點焊9個。b、圍板時縱縫通過兩馬卡具進行固定;環(huán)縫使用1。2m的背杠進行固定(如下圖)。Ⅲ壁板找正a、第一圈壁板找正第一圈壁板的幾何尺寸是否準(zhǔn)確對于整個罐體幾何尺寸有非常重要的影響,因此必須認(rèn)真對第一圈壁板進行找正。*用兩馬卡具調(diào)整坡口的間隙及錯邊量:錯邊量≤1.5mm*用加減絲杠調(diào)整壁板垂直度。其允許偏差:±3mm*用千斤頂調(diào)整壁板上口水平度。相鄰兩板上口水平高差≤1mm;整個圓周上口水平高差≤6mm.在調(diào)整上口水平度時,在邊緣板下加墊鐵,使邊緣板與壁板下口間的間隙保持為0。*第一圈壁板的橢圓度主要通過限位板的準(zhǔn)確度來保證。橢圓度≤20mm。局部橢圓度達不到要求時,可使用方楔子進行調(diào)整。找正時必須對橢圓度、垂直度、水平度同時進行調(diào)整,保證“三度"全部合格.找正完畢后,在壁板內(nèi)側(cè)每3米點焊一個支架對壁板進行固定。b、其它各圈壁板找正在施工中如果第一圈壁板的橢圓度和上口水平度嚴(yán)格控制在允許偏差之內(nèi),并且每張壁板的幾何尺寸都符合規(guī)范要求的情況下,按正常的程序圍板,當(dāng)壁板垂直度和縱縫調(diào)整合格后,一般情況下,橢圓度和上口水平度也能達到規(guī)范要求.所以,其它各圈壁板的找正主要是對垂直度進行調(diào)整.每一圈板的垂直度都必須認(rèn)真調(diào)整并做好記錄。每一圈壁板的垂直度都將作為下一圈壁板找正的依據(jù).垂直度的調(diào)整主要通過調(diào)整縱縫的間隙實現(xiàn)。減小縱縫上半部分的間隙使壁板內(nèi)傾,增大縱縫上半部分的間隙使壁板外傾.當(dāng)垂直度偏差太大難于調(diào)整時,可使用倒鏈進行調(diào)整.找正時每張壁板必須測量三點以上,除保證該張壁板垂直度符合要求外,還應(yīng)對其下方壁板的垂直度偏差進行修正,保證罐整體垂直度符合要求.垂直度偏差:≤3/1000板寬;罐壁總體垂直度偏差≤50mm。Ⅳ縱縫組對a縱縫組對從內(nèi)側(cè)進行。使用兩馬卡具,通過圓楔子、扁楔子調(diào)整縱縫間隙及錯邊量.組對間隙為4-6mm;錯邊量不大于1/10板厚,且不大于1。5mm。b縱縫組對完畢后,在內(nèi)側(cè)點焊4-5塊防變形板,防止焊接過程中出現(xiàn)角變形.c因第1-4圈壁板縱縫為雙面焊且焊接時先焊接外側(cè)再焊接內(nèi)側(cè),為防止焊接時出現(xiàn)角變形,組對時應(yīng)采取反變形措施。如下圖所示:Ⅴ加強圈加強圈安裝前,先在罐外分段預(yù)制成型,分段長度約10—12m,預(yù)制完畢后用弧型樣板檢查其內(nèi)弧偏差,間隙不大于4mm;檢查弦高偏差不大于10mm。加強圈所在罐壁安裝焊接完畢后安裝加強圈,安裝時先將加強圈支架安裝在罐壁上,再分段進行安裝.Ⅵ臨時通道處的壁板內(nèi)罐中的全部施工項目(包括罐底板)施工完畢后,將罐內(nèi)工裝、卡具及施工廢料等清理干凈、檢查確認(rèn)后安裝臨時通道處的內(nèi)罐壁板,安裝時使用電動葫蘆和倒鏈進行就位,用球罐卡具和背杠進行組對。Ⅶ焊接內(nèi)罐的縱縫的焊接全部采用手工焊,電源極性盡量采用交流;環(huán)縫采用埋弧自動焊;通道處壁板全部采用手工焊進行焊接。焊接時要注意控制焊接線能量,焊接的同時做好施焊記錄.(4)、內(nèi)罐安裝時的腳手架搭設(shè)方法Ⅰ、將掛壁三角架安裝在焊接于罐壁板上的蝴蝶板上,約每2。5米安裝一個三角架;Ⅱ、在三角架上并排鋪設(shè)三排鋼跳板并用鐵絲綁扎牢固;安裝時留出小平臺的安裝位置;Ⅲ、安裝欄桿。先安裝立桿,再安裝橫桿;Ⅳ、將小平臺安裝于焊在壁板上的蝴蝶板上并安裝小斜梯;Ⅴ、將竹編板鋪在跳板上并用竹編板封閉欄桿;Ⅵ、檢查各部位是否牢固穩(wěn)妥。內(nèi)腳手架簡圖:5.1。11罐底施工(1)、罐底邊緣部分施工要在儲罐升頂前完成。(2)、其它部分的施工基本與內(nèi)罐罐壁同時施工,在進罐通道未封閉前完成施工,基本施工程序如下:第二層底板中幅板(9%Ni)施工鋪50mm的干砂絕熱層施工加強混凝土層施工碳鋼襯板施工基礎(chǔ)檢查、驗收第二層底板中幅板(9%Ni)施工鋪50mm的干砂絕熱層施工加強混凝土層施工碳鋼襯板施工基礎(chǔ)檢查、驗收檢查驗收上層底板中幅板施工鋪50mm的干砂絕熱層施工加強混凝土層施工檢查驗收上層底板中幅板施工鋪50mm的干砂絕熱層施工加強混凝土層施工(3)、鋼襯板和它上部的混凝土層全部施工完畢后,其它部分從進罐通道對面按上述程序逐漸向外施工如下圖:(4)、罐底施工前要對罐基礎(chǔ)進行驗收。驗收的主要內(nèi)容有:罐底的標(biāo)高、罐底平整度以及基礎(chǔ)表面質(zhì)量?;A(chǔ)表面不得有蜂窩、裂紋等缺陷。(5)、上層及中間層罐底板的鋪設(shè)上層及中間層罐底板均為條狀排板,鋪設(shè)時從內(nèi)向外先號線再鋪板。鋪板時先鋪設(shè)條狀大板,再鋪設(shè)周邊小板;每鋪三排板作為一個單元,鋪設(shè)完畢后進行焊接并進行焊接檢驗,然后進行下一層的施工,最上層底板焊接完畢后繼續(xù)下一個單元的施工。鋪板時為防止板變形,吊板應(yīng)使用專門的吊裝梁如下圖:(6)、焊接順序中間層底板和最上層底板焊接時應(yīng)采取合理的焊接順序:焊接時先焊接短焊縫,再焊接長焊縫,每條焊縫焊接時采取分段跳焊的方法,減少焊接變形?;竞附禹樞蛉缦聢D所示:(7)、中間層底板和最上層底板均為搭接結(jié)構(gòu),鋪設(shè)時要保證搭接寬度不小于40mm.(8)、三層板重疊搭接的部位焊時要注意:先將最上面一層板的角部撬起,將起覆蓋的位置焊好再焊接其它部位,如下圖:(9)、底板焊接完畢后應(yīng)進行真空試漏.如下圖所示:(10)、底板焊接完畢后檢查其凹凸變形及焊縫是否符合規(guī)范要求。5.1.12儲罐內(nèi)部管道、下降管等安裝5。1。13罐體試驗(1)、罐底板和罐頂板以及罐壁襯板組件焊接完畢后,按BS7777的要求進行真空試驗。(2)、內(nèi)罐罐壁焊接完畢后按BS7777進行X射線探傷檢查.(3)、內(nèi)罐安裝焊接完畢后,進行充水試驗,充水前編制詳細的充水方案.充水試驗的流程如下圖:Ⅰ充水按充水曲線進行,充水后檢查罐壁、罐底等有無泄漏現(xiàn)象,罐壁有無異常變形,并定期測量罐基礎(chǔ)沉降情況.Ⅱ充水試驗合格后,進行排水。排水時先用大泵將水基本排出罐外,再用自吸泵將大泵抽不到的水排出罐外,最后用人工將罐內(nèi)的水清理干凈。Ⅲ排水完畢后,用干燥的空氣將罐內(nèi)吹干。(4)、充N2儲罐全部施工完畢后,利用液氮罐車對內(nèi)充N2,試驗完畢后,往罐內(nèi)吹壓縮空氣。5.1。16罐脫水、干燥及設(shè)備安裝5。1。17罐絕熱施工5。1.18罐外部工藝系統(tǒng)試運轉(zhuǎn)5.1.19罐吹除、鈍化、冷卻與移交5。1。20儲罐焊接5。1。20。1 WeldingmanagementandWeldingProcedures(1) WeldingshallbeinaccordancewithBS7777.Allverticalandhorizontalseamsoftheinnertankshellshallbeweldedbythefollowingmethods:manually,semiautomatic,orbymachine.(2) Allweldingprocedurespecificationsandprocedurequalificationrecordstobeusedfortheconstructionofthetanks,includingthoseforprefabrication,repair,tackandattachmentwelds,shallbeacceptedbyPurchaser/MainContractorpriortotheworkbeingperformed。WherenewWPS/PQRisrequired,itshallbeoncontractmaterialsandshallfollowimpacttestingrequirementasfollows,ThepositionsofCharpyimpacttestat–196deg。Cshallbe:WeldmetalcenterlineFusionlineFusionline+2mmFusionline+5mm(3) Theweldingproceduresusedforallweldsandtheradiographicinspectionprocedureshallclearlybeindicatedinconstructiondocuments。(4) Noweldingispermittedontheinnertankaftercompletionofthehydrotest.(5) WeldingConsumables* Fillermetalfor9%nickelweldingshallconformtoASME/AWSSFA5。11and/orSFA5.14.FillermetalsandfluxesshallbeselectedbyTankContractorbasedonprovidingstrength,ductility,soundnessandsuccessfulLNGtankexperience.* Eachlotorheatoftheausteniticstainlesssteelwelding(filler)materialsshallmeettherequirementsofSectionVIII,Div1UHA-51(e)and(f).AllweldingproceduresshallbequalifiedinaccordancewithBS7777orASMECodeSectionIX。* TankContractorshallimplementarigoroussystemtocontrolthesegregationandstorageofweldingconsumables.(6) WeldingQualificationandIdentification* QualifiedwelderstestedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofBS7777orASMECodeSectionIXshallcarryoutallwelding。Theweldersshallbenewlyqualifiedirrespectiveofanypreviousqualifications.TankContractorshallissueanindividualcertificatewithphotographtoeachqualifiedwelder。Welderswhoarenotinpossessionoftherequiredcertificationandidentificationshallnotbeallowedtodoanywelding。TankContractorshallalsoimplementanidentificationbadgesystemtoclearlyshowwhichweldersarequalifiedforwhichmaterials.(7) Inspection* RadiographicInspectiona) Theradiographicextent,techniquesandacceptancecriteriafortheinnertankshallbeinaccordancewithBS7777.b) Allverticalandhorizontalbuttweldsofinnertankshell,annularplatebuttwelds,innertankstiffenersandinternalpipingshallbeinspectedbyradiography。c) Leadscreensshallbeused,saltscreensshallnotbepermitted。Radiographicinspectionshallfollowassoonaspossibleafterwelding,andtheinspectionsshallbeco-ordinatedwiththePurchaser's/MainContractor’sinspector.d) Radiographyfor9%nickelweldsshallbebyX—raymethodswithamaximumfocalspot2.5x2.5mm。AllpersonnelperformingCodeevaluationsshallmeetASMESectionV,SNT-TC—1A,LevelIIorequivalentqualifications.Thefilmtobeusedforradiographyshallbeultrafine,highcontrasttypee.g。KodakAAorAgfaD7。* LiquidPenetrantExaminationa) LiquidpenetrantexaminationfortheinnertankshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoBS7777。TheSecondaryBottomAnnularPlatesshallhavethesameLiquidPenetrantExaminationRequirementsastheInnerBottomAnnularPlates.TCPweldsshallhavetherootpassandthefinalweldexaminedbyLiquidPenetrant.TheweldbetweentheSecondaryBottomandtheTCPshallhavetherootpassandthefinalweldexaminedbyLiquidPenetrant.* SolutionFilmTestinga) VacuumboxtestingshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithBS7777.Allweldsoftherooflinerplatesshallbevacuumboxtestedbeforeconcreteplacementontheroof.Vacuumboxtestingofthebottomandsidewallvaporbarrierweldsshallbecompletedbeforecommencinganyoperationsthatcoveruptheplates.Weldsbetweenlinercomponents(e。g。walllinertobottomliner)shallbevacuumboxtested.c) AllsecondarybottomandTCPweldsshallbevacuumboxtested。d) Innertankbottomplateweldsshallbevacuumboxtestedbeforeandafterhydrostatictesting.e) Theinnertankshell-to-bottomTeejointshallbepressuretestedforleakageusingasolutionfilminaccordancewithBS7777,Part2,para。11.13.3。3。5.1。20.2底板焊接BottomPlate(1)最外層底板材質(zhì)為ASTMA516Gr60厚度δ=5mm,主要使用CO2氣體保護焊進行焊接,點焊、局部短縫使用手工焊進行焊接。ThematerialusedforthebottomplatsofoutmostlayerisASTMA516Gr60withtheirthicknessof5mm,applyCO2gasshieldedweldingmethodtothemandapplymanualweldingmethodtospotweldingandpartsofshortweldjoint.(2)中間層底板材質(zhì)為ASTMA533Type1厚度δ=5mm,使用手工焊進行焊接;中間層邊緣板材質(zhì)為ASTMA533Type1厚度δ=10mm,使用手工焊進行焊接。ThematerialofbottomplatesofinnerlayerisASTMA533Type1withtheirthicknessof5mm,applymanualweldingtothem.ThematerialofrimplatesofinnerlayerisASTMA533Type1withtheirthicknessof5mm,applymanualweldingtothem(3)上層底板材質(zhì)為ASTMA533Type1厚度δ=6mm,使用手工焊進行焊接;上層邊緣板材質(zhì)為ASTMA533Type1厚度δ=25mm,使用手工焊進行焊接.ThematerialofbottomplatesofupperlayerisASTMA533Type1withtheirthicknessof5mm,applymanualweldingtothem。ThematerialofrimplatesofupperlayerisASTMA533Type1withtheirthicknessof5mm,applymanualweldingtothem5。1.20.3罐壁焊接ShellPlate(1)罐壁板9%Ni(ASTMA533Tpye1)部分:除最后一道環(huán)縫外其余環(huán)縫均采用埋弧自動焊進行焊接;縱縫、最后一道環(huán)縫以及進罐通道最后兩張板的焊縫使用手工焊進行焊接。Fortheshellplateswiththeirmaterialof9%(ASTMA533Tpye1):exceptthelastcircumferentialweld,applyautomaticsubmergedaceweldingtotherestofthem;forthelongitudinalweld,thelastcircumferentialweldandtheweldofthelasttwoplatesusedforwalkwayforenteringthetank,applymanualweldingtothem。(2)與混凝土墻相貼的碳鋼板的焊接采用手工電弧焊。Forthecarbonsteelplatesabuttingupontheconcretewall,applymanualweldingtothem.5.1。20.4拱頂焊接DomeRoof(1)拱頂結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)制焊接根據(jù)焊縫的具體情況分別采用手工焊、CO2氣體保護焊或埋弧焊。Forthefabricationofdomeroof,applymanualweldingandCO2gas-shieldedarcweldingorsubmergedarcwelding。(2)拱頂結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝采用手工焊進行焊接.Applymanualweldingtotheerectionofdomeroofstructure.(3)拱頂瓜皮板的焊接主要采用CO2氣體保護焊進行焊接.ApplyCO2gas—shieldedarcweldingtotheroofplatesofdomeroof.(4)鋁吊頂?shù)暮附硬捎萌刍瘶O氣體保護焊(用氬氣進行保護)。Applymetalgasweldingtothealuminiumsuspensiondecks(argongas).(5)拱頂上的螺柱采用提升式螺柱焊.Applyliftingstudweldingtothestudsofthedomeroof.5.1.20。5焊接材料WeldingMaterials本工程中涉及到的母材及對應(yīng)的焊材如下表:Basemetalandcorrespondingweldingmaterialsinvolvedinthisprojectareasfollows:序號No.母材BaseMetal焊接方法WeldingMethod焊材型號及規(guī)格TypeandSpecificationofWeldingmaterial1ASTMA533TYPE1(9%Ni)手工焊(SMAW)ENiCrMo-4φ2.5\φ3.2\φ4。0埋弧焊(SMW)ERNiCrMo-4φ2。6andassortedflux2ASTMA516Gr60&Gr70ASTMA36(低碳鋼)(lowcarbonsteel)手工焊(SMAW)E7018φ2。5\φ3.2\φ4.0CO氣體保護焊(GMAW)E71T—9φ1。2埋弧焊(SMW)A5。17F6A4—EL83ASTMB209—ALLOY5083—0(鋁合金)(AluminiumAlloy)氣體保護焊(GMAW)ER5183φ1.24ASTMA312TP304(不銹鋼)(SS)手工焊(SMAW)E308Lφ2.5\φ3.2\φ4。0Fillermetalfor9%nickelweldingshallconformtoASME/AWSSFA5。11and/orSFA5.14。FillermetalsandfluxesshallbeselectedbyTankContractorbasedonprovidingstrength,ductility,soundnessandsuccessfulLNGtankexperience。 Eachlotorheatoftheausteniticstainlesssteelwelding(filler)materialsshallmeettherequirementsofSectionVIII,Div1UHA—51(e)and(f).AllweldingproceduresshallbequalifiedinaccordancewithBS7777orASMECodeSectionIX。5.1.20.6工程施工中9Ni%鋼(ASTMA533Tpye1)焊接的工藝參數(shù)及注意事項WeldingParameterandPrecautionsforWeldingof9%NiSteel(ASTMA533Tpye1)duringConstruction(1)手工焊ManualWelding①平焊FlatPositionWelding主要坡口形式:Maingroovetypesareasfollows:焊接材料weldingmaterial:ENiCrMo-4φ3。2/φ4。0烘干溫度dryingtemperature:200-250℃烘干時間dryingperiod:0。5—1h焊接電源特性characteristicsofweldingsource:交流(A。C)焊接參數(shù)weldingparameter:焊接層次WeldLayer焊材型號TypeofWeldingMaterial電流Current(A)電壓Voltage(V)焊接速度WeldingSpeed(cm/min)打底焊道BackRunENiCrMo—4/φ3。270-9020—2513-16填充焊道FillerPassENiCrMo-4/φ3.270-11020-2513-16填充焊道FillerPassENiCrMo—4/φ4.095—14020-2513—16②立焊\橫焊VerticalWelding/HorizontalWelding主要坡口形式:Maingroovetypesareasfollows:焊接方法weldingmethod:手工焊(SMAW)焊接材料weldingmaterial:ENiCrMo-4φ3.2/φ4。0烘干溫度dryingtemperature:200—250℃烘干時間dryingperiod:0。5—1h焊接電源特性characteristicsofweldingsource:交流(A.C)焊接參數(shù)weldingparameter:焊接層次WeldLayer焊材型號TypeofWeldingMaterial電流Current(A)電壓Voltage(V)焊接速度WeldingSpeed(cm/min)打底焊道BackRunENiCrMo-4/φ3.265—9020—2513-16填充焊道FillerPassENiCrMo-4/φ3。265—10020-2513-16填充焊道FillerPassENiCrMo—4/φ4。085-13020—2513-16③手工焊時的注意事項:Precautionsduringthecourseofmanualarcweldingareasfollows:焊接前不需要預(yù)熱,但是焊接層間溫度必須控制在150℃以下;焊接時盡量采用多層多道焊,為減小焊接線能量,每一焊道焊接時盡量采用快速不擺動的操作方法,在橫、立仰焊必須擺動焊條時,采取快速的“Z”字?jǐn)[動;禁止在母材上引弧,引弧時應(yīng)在坡口內(nèi)引弧,收弧時要填滿弧坑。Preheatisnotnecessarypriortowelding,buttheinter—passtemperaturemustbecontrolledbelow150℃。Applymulti-passweldingasmuchaspossible.Inordertoreduceweldheatinput,applyweldingathighspeedandwithnoweavingtoeachofpass。Whenitisnecessarytoapplyweldingwithweavingtohorizontalandverticalwelding,adoptZ—typeweavingathighspeed;itisstrictlyprohibitedtostrikethearconthebasemetal,startthearcwithinthegrooveandfillinthecraterwhilefinishingthearc。(2)埋弧焊SubmergedArcWelding焊接位置:橫焊Weldingposition:horizontalwelding坡口形式typeofgroove:焊接材料weldingmaterial:ERNiCrMo-4φ2。6&A5。14焊劑烘干fluxdrying:200-300℃,烘干時間dryingperiod:1h焊接電源的特性characteristicofweldingsource:方波交流(SquareWave。A。C)焊接參數(shù)weldingparameter:焊接層次WeldLayer焊材型號TypeofWeldingMaterial電流Current(A)電壓Voltage(V)焊接速度WeldingSpeed(cm/min)打底焊道BackRunERNiCrMo-4/φ2.6290-32026-2830—55填充焊道FillerPassERNiCrMo—4/φ2。6300-36026—2830-55注意事項:焊接層間溫度不大于150℃;焊接線能量控制在35-40KJ/cm以下;封底焊時背面填加焊劑輔助成型,焊接完一側(cè)后,背面進行清根并進行PT檢查,合格后在進行焊接。Precautionsareasfollows:Interlayertemperatureisnotabove150℃;weldheatinputiscontrolledbelow35—40KJ/cm.Whileperformingbackwelding,fillthefluxonthebacksidetoassisttoform,completeweldingoneside,carryoutbackgougingandPT,ifqualified,goontocarryoutwelding。5.2PipinginstallationTheafflictedpipinginsideoftheLNGtankisofstainlesssteel。Allshallbeprefabricatedinworkshop。Cutbypowersawandweldedbyargon-electricweld.Cleanthetwosidesoftheweldwithsteelbrushandspecialgrinder.ApplyX-raydetectionforbuttedweld.Simultaneously,prefabricateanderectthepipesupportanditsafflictedstructure.Aftererection,executepressuretest,blowandtightnesstestaccordingtothespecification.LNGmediumpipingsystemshouldbeblowedandkeptdry.5.3LNGpumpsinstallationBeforeinstallation,carefullycheckthepumpsaspertheproductmanual,andthenexecuteinstallationundertheinstructionofrepresentativeofmanufacturer.LNGpumpinstallationshouldbeexecutedafterthequalifiederectionofitssupport,andstrictlyavoidthewaterimmerge.Afterqualifiedinstallation,executetestrunaspertheproductmanualsuppliedbymanufacturer。5.4ElectricalandInstrumentWorkTheinstallationofelectricalandinstrumentequipmentandcablewillbeexecutedsynchronouslyasconditionpossessing,andthelooptestingshallbeundertakentimely。5.4.1ElectricalConstructionTechnicalPlanElectricalworkofthisprojectmainlyincludesgroundingsystem,lightingsystem,heatingtracingsystemandallrelevantworksinregardsoftankbodiesintankfarm,suchassteelconduitinstallation,cablelayingandwiring,assembleofelectricalequipmentsandtestingetc.⑴ConstructionofLightingandGrounding--Duringtheconstructionofelectricalworktheelectricaldisciplineshallmakegoodcoordinationwiththecivildiscipline;theconstructionpersonnelshallmakeclearknowofthegroundlevelanddrawings.Theconstructionshallbeexecutedstrictlyaccordingtothedrawingtoavoidtheomittingembeddingofearthbar.-—Beforegrounding,testthesoilreceptivityandcorrosivenessandtheresistanceoftheexistinggroundingnet。Addearthbarincasetheresistanceisabove2ohms.——Theembeddeddepthofthegroundingcableshallnolessshortthan700㎜?!?Allconnectionbetweenthegroundingconductorshallbeconnectedbythermoweldaccordingtothedrawings。Adetailedplanconcernedabouttheoverlaplengthandoverlaptypeandweldingrequirementshallbepreparedbeforeconstructionandsubmittorelevantdepartmentforapproval.Theweldershallbequalifiedwithcertaincertificate?!?Thecableextendlengthoverthetankcoffershallbenosmallthan2m.Allthemetalwithoutelectricityshallbegrounded.—-Eachnolongerthan100mofpipelineincentraltankfarmpipeandeachnolongerthan20mofpipelineinsteamcrackingtankfarmshallprovidegroundingpointwhichconnectedwiththemaingroundingnet。--Thegroundplateofequipmentshallbeofsamematerialwiththebaseplate,andtheweldingareashallbecoated。Whenmakingthegroundingplate,thepaintingandfireproofingshallbetakeintoconsideration。Thedimensionoftheexposurepartshallbestrictlyaccordancewiththestipulationsinbiddingdocuments?!狣otheconstructionstrictlyaccordingtothedrawingspecification。IfthereissomethingthatconflictwiththerequirementtheconstructionshallnotbecontinueduntilpermissiongivenbyrelatedDepartment.-—Theundergroundgroundingbelongstoconcealedwork,sobeforeconcealingjointcheckmustbetaking。Usefinesoilwithoutstone,brickbatandcorrosivenesssoiltobackfillandcompactlayerbylayer.--Smearelectricalcompoundgreaseontheconnectionpartbetweenthegroundingcableandtheplate。5。4。2HeatingTracingsystem。-—Thetracinglineshallbecheckedofthetype,specificationandtechnicalcapacityaswellastheinsulationtestbeforeinstallation,andalltheseinspectionsshallbefiled;installationoftracinglinecanbecarriedoutonlywhenallthetestsandinspectionsarefoundqualified.—-Damageoftheinsulatinglayerofthetracinglineshallbestrictlyprohibited,andthetracinglineshallbewellprotectedlestbeingdamagedbytheconstructionpersonnelofotherdiscipline?!猅helaggingworkcanbeperformedonlyafterthecompletedworkbeingcheckedasqualifiedandacceptedwithsignature;damagingthetracinglineandequipmentbythelaggingpersonnelshallbeprohibitedduringconstruction,andthehand—drillusedbythelaggingpersonnelshallbefixedthelengthofaiguilleswithblockagepinaccordingtothelaggingdepth,lestdamageofthetracinglinebecauseoflongaiguillesandcausingunnecessaryworkredone。-—Thetracinglinewithlaggingshallbewellprotectedandthewarningnoticeforwhichshallbeprovided,tramplingandhittingofthetracinglinewithlaggingshallbeprohibited.—-Severaltracinglinescanshareonepowercircuitforthepurposeofpreventingfrostbite,andonebranchcircuitswitchcanonlyaffordforfivepipingorinstrumenttracingline.—-Theoutdoortemperaturecontrollershallbeabletocontrolthecontactorthatsupplyandstopthepowersupplytothetracinglinetrippingcircuit.--Thepipelinefrostbiteprotectionshallincludethetracingofallthein-lineelementssuchasflanges,pumps,valves,equipment,supportsandattachedequipment,withproperlyincreasedtracinglinelengthsoastoconveniencethedismantleandmovingofflanges,valvesandinstrument.-—Generally,theinstrumentpressurepipeshouldbeheattracedandinsulated,andsamekindoftracingcableshallbeusedfortheinstrumentandpressurepipe,andremovableinsulationlayershallbeappliedtoeachinstrument?!?ThetemperatureadjustingfacilityorRTD,whichareinstalledontheoutsidewalloftheequipmentorthepipe,shallbeconnectedtothetemperaturecontrollertocontroleachheatingcircuitautomaticallythrutheindependenttemperaturecontroller。-—Aseparatecontrollabletracinglinemustbeprovidedforeachprocesspipe,andthetracinglinefordifferentprocesslinecannotbeintroducedfromsamebranchcircuitswitch。-—Thetracinglineshallbelaidparallelingtothepipe,spinningortwistingandinstalledontwoinsulatinglayersarenotallowed.——Alltheimportantelectricalelements,controlequipment,instrumentandremotecontroljunctionboxshallbelabeledaccordingtothedrawings.—-Thepowersupplycableandthetracinglinecannotshareonejunctionbox?!猅hetracinglinesandRTDloopsshallbelabeledthruSSlabelswithSSwire,andthelabelsshallbefixedonthecableswithineachjunctionbox;eachheaterjunctionboxandeachRTDcasingshallhaveaindependentlabel?!?TracingmonitorandremoteconditionshallsubjecttotheP&ID.—-Alltracinglineshallbecheckedoftheinsulationwith500Vmegameteratsite.—-Performthecontinuitytestforeachcircuittoassureallelements,instrumentandotherequipmentsarecorrectlyconnected.Afterthecompletionofinstallation,checkandtestthepowercableandcontrolcabletogetherwiththetemperaturecontroller,relayorotherattachedequipment.Theelectricaloperatabilitytestforalltheequipmentmustbeperformedtocheckthecorrectroutingandoperatingsequencetoconfirmthequalificationstatus。-—ThetestspecificationpleasereferstoIEEE515.--Thecopyofthetestreportshallbesubmittedtotheclientwithintwoweeksafterthecompletionofinspectionandtest。5。4。3TechnicalrequirementsandinstallationmeasuresforInstrumentationworks⑴GeneralInstructionThisprojectofGuangDongLNGTerminalconsistsofsevenpackages,scopeofpackage4.onlyincludesinstallation,assembleoftankbodiesandrelevantpiping,painting,supportandinstrumentationworksetc。InstrumentationworksismainlyincludingsuchrespectsastransportationoftheequipmentfromthePurchaser’swarehousetothesite;Intermediatestorageatsiteifnecessary;Allcabling,connecting,labeling,junctionboxes,testingoffieldinstrumentsintankarea。Besides,supplyofinstallationmaterialsneededtoputtheinstrumentsinfullworkingorderareincludedifnototherwisestated.ThisproposalisworkedoutbasedonbiddingdocumentsissuedbySTTSandrelevantstandardcode,moreexperiencesinsimilarworksengagedaswell.⑵InstallationPractice①Safetyatworka。Allavailablemeasuresshallbetakenattheinstallationsitetoavoiddangeroffireandaccidents.b。Thewearingofsafetyhelmetsiscompulsoryatthesite。c。Thecontractorisresponsibletoimmediatelynotify,onhisowninitiative,anydisturbancebroughttohisattentionconcerningthedeliveryorwork.②Manpowera.Thecontractorundertakestoemployskilledlabouronlyandgoodqualitymaterialsfortheinstallationwork;b。Asachemicalproject,ithasahighlevelofautomaticcontrol,socontractorshallprovidecompetentandskilled,practicaltechniciansthatworkedonforeignworkandbefamiliarwithprocedureoftheforeignconstruction.Inordertodecreasethecost,technicianshallcarefullysurveyandrechecksiteanddrawingsinpriorconstruction,andproduceestimatedplanofmaterial。c.Technicianshallwritebeginninglogforunitworkinadvanceensuringprogresssharply,introduceemphasisandcharacteristic,traintheworkershowtoperformaction,makethemknowexactworkingmethodinorderforhighquality.d。AWeeklyManpowerReportshallbefiguredoutroutinely。③Testequipment,installationtoolsandmethodsa.Ifthecontractisawarded,wehaveavailable,onsitefullworkshopfacilitiesandtestequipmentfortheworkinvolved.Alistoftestequipmenttobeusedshallbesubmittedforapproval,thestandardofaccuracyofwhichshallbebetterthanthemanufacture’sstatedaccuracyforinstrumentundertest。b。Up-to-dateandwell-provenmethodsofinstallationshallbeused.c.Theinstallationshallbecarriedoutwithgreatcare,clarityandneatness.d.Theinstallationtools(especiallycompressiontools)shallbeingoodworkingorderandintendedfortheworkinvolved。④QualityinspectionDuringtheworkthecontractorhastodoowninspectionsaccordingtoitsownqualityprogram,andwhenfinishingoneworkprocedure,technicianshallwritequalityinspectionrequestreport,andinforminwritingPurchaser”engineerandQApersontocarryoutqualitycheckoftheworkcompleted,andproductalogasdocumentfile.⑤Cooperation Weshallactivelycooperatewithprocesspersonandacquirereasonablesuggestionsaboutinstrumentinstallationandrunninginordertomakinginstrumentinstallationmorereasonable.⑶Installationworkandmaterials①Allinstallationmaterials,equipmentandcomponentsmustbeofhighquality.Theymustbesuitableforcircumstancesprevailingatachemicalplant。②ThePurchaserinwritingmustapproveallmateriasandequipmentthatisnotexactlymentionedinthisspecification.Thisapprovalisrequiredforcoloursaswell

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