常用臨床醫(yī)學術語

常用臨床醫(yī)學術語diseases疾病acutediseases急性病advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronicdiseases慢性病communicablediseases傳染病complicatingdiseases并發(fā)病congenitaldiseases先天性疾病acquireddiseases后天性疾病contagiousdiseases接觸性傳染病endemicdiseases地方病epidemicdiseases流行病functionaldiseases機能病、官能病infectiousdiseases傳染病inheriteddiseases遺傳病malignantdiseases惡性病nutritionaldiseases營養(yǎng)病occupationdiseases職業(yè)病organicdiseases器質性病paroxysmaldiseases陣發(fā)性病periodicaldiseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導)病secondarydiseases繼發(fā)病sexual(venereal,social)diseases性病terminaldiseases絕癥wastingdiseases消耗性疾病chiefcomplaint主訴clinicalmanifestation臨床表現(xiàn)deliveryhistory分娩史etiology病因學familyhistory家族史history,medicalhistory病史precipitating(induced)誘因maritalstatus婚姻狀況menstrualhistory月經(jīng)史menarche初潮menopause閉經(jīng)pasthistory既往史pathogenesis發(fā)病機制personalhistory個人史symptoms癥狀cardinalsymptom主要癥狀classicalsymptom典型癥狀concomitantsymptom伴發(fā)癥狀constitutional(systemic)symptom全身癥狀indirectsymptom間接癥狀inducedsymptom誘發(fā)癥狀localsymptom局部癥狀mentalsymptom精神癥狀symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom綜合癥，癥候群signs體征antecedent前驅征assident(accessory)副征commemorative后遺癥signofdeath死征diagnostic診斷征signofdisease病征subjective自覺征，主觀征veinsign靜脈征vitalsign生命體征bodylength(heightofthebody)身高bodyweight體重barrelchest桶狀胸cachexia惡病質compulsiveposition被動體位criticalfacies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion瞼內翻exophthalmos眼球突出flushedface面色潮紅gain(loss)inweight增加(減輕)體重lock-jaw牙關緊閉lordosis脊柱前凸nasalalaflap鼻翼扇動nystagmus眼震obesity肥胖pallor蒼白scolisis脊柱側凸agitation焦急不安debility,weakness虛弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness,vertigo眩暈lassitude,fatigue無力，倦怠malaise不適nightsweat盜汗numbness麻木rigor,chill寒冷，發(fā)冷perspiration,sweating出汗pruritus,itching癢，somasthenia軀體無力tingling麻刺感abscess膿腫acidosis酸中毒adhesion粘連alkalosis堿中毒allergy過敏coagulationdefect凝血不良congestion充血dehydration脫水distention膨脹edema水腫embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水電解質紊亂gangrene壞疽hematoma血腫hemorrhage,bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection傳染inflammation炎癥ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis轉移perforation穿孔necrosis壞死shock休克response反應，應答reaction反應，感應thrombosis血栓形成ulceration潰瘍fever,pyrexia發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱continuousfever稽留熱intermittentfever間歇熱low-gradefever低熱remittentfever馳張熱relapsingfever回歸熱pain痛burningpain灼痛chest(flank,...)pain胸(脅腹...)痛cramp-likepain痙攣性痛dull,diffusedpain彌漫性鈍痛pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛radiatingpain(painradiatingto.)放射性痛(放射到.疼痛)angina絞痛cardiacangina心絞痛backache背痛colic絞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛headache頭痛neuralgia神經(jīng)痛migraine偏頭痛reboundtenderness反跳痛somatalgia軀體痛sorethroat咽喉痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛bloodysputum帶血的痰cough咳嗽drycough干咳expectoration咳痰expectorationofblood咳血hemoptysis咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暫停，窒息asthma氣喘，哮喘CheyneStokesrespiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困難hyperpneahyperventilation過度呼吸，換氣過度hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸淺表hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratoryarrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetidbreath口臭fruitybreath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全cardiacarrest心搏驟停cardiachypertrophy心臟肥大cyanosis發(fā)紺，青紫distensionofjugularvein頸靜脈怒張extrasystole期外收縮galloprhythm奔馬律hemopleura血胸hepatojugularreflux肝頸靜脈回流hypovolemia(循環(huán))血容量減少palpitation心悸tachycardia心動過速pneumothorax氣胸thrill震顫absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失dullsound濁音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鳴音anorexia,lossofappetite食欲不振，厭食dysphagia吞咽困難eructation噯氣belching噯氣flatulence氣脹flatus腸胃氣，屁gaseousdistention胃脹氣hematemesis嘔血hiccough,hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea惡心pyrosis胃灼熱regurgitation反胃，回流thirsty口渴vomiting嘔吐analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂ascites腹水board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板狀腹decreasedtactilefremitus觸覺性震顫減弱exophagealvarices食管靜脈曲張fistula瘺，瘺管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly肝腫大intussusception腸套疊jaundice黃疸muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌衛(wèi)peristalsis蠕動lossofperistalsis蠕動消失massperistalsis總蠕動retrograde(reversed)peristalsis逆蠕動prolapse脫垂prolapseofanus脫肛rectalprolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛volvulus腸扭轉calculus結石，石biliarycalculus膽結石vesicalcalculus膀胱結石constipation便秘defecation排便diarrhea腹瀉incontinenceoffeces大便失禁hematochezia便血fecalimpaction大便嵌塞occultblood潛血painfulstrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牽動claycoloredstools陶土色便dark,granular/coffeegroundemesis咖啡樣嘔吐物fecalvomiting,stercoraceousvomiting嘔糞，吐糞foulfattystools,steatorrhea惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scantyandhardstools便少而硬tarry(black)stools柏油樣便anuria無尿burningsensationnourination排尿時的灼燒感dysurea排尿困難，尿痛enuresis,bedwetting遺尿frequencyofurination尿頻micturation排尿uresis,urination,voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesicaltenesmus排尿時里急后重uremiacoma尿毒癥昏迷urgencyofurination尿急urinaryincontinence尿失禁aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria氣尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria膿尿amenorrhea經(jīng)閉，無月經(jīng)dysmenorrhea痛經(jīng)menorrhagia月經(jīng)過多l(xiāng)ochia惡露menorrhea行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多menstruation月經(jīng)uterinecontraction子宮收縮blotch斑點bruise挫傷，青腫acne痤瘡，粉刺desquamation脫皮，脫屑ecchymosis瘀斑lossofskinturgor失去皮膚充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀點，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉著pustule膿皰purpura紫癲rednodule紅結節(jié)roseola玫瑰疹scar傷疤senileplaque老人斑spideranaioma蛛形痣subcutaneousnodule皮下結節(jié)urticaria蕁麻疹vesicle小水皰vitiligo白斑blindness失明blurredvision,visualdisturbance視力模糊impairedvision視力下降lacrimation流淚papilledema視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫photophobia畏光，羞明retinaldetachment視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness聾hearingloss聽力喪失tinnitus耳鳴epistaxis,nasalbleeding鼻出血impairedsmelling嗅覺障礙nasaldischarge鼻涕nasalobstruction鼻塞sneeze噴嚏snore打鼾aphonia,lossofvoice失音癥hoarseness嘶啞gumbleeding齒齦出血herpeslabialis唇皰疹，感冒瘡Koplik'sspo科S普利克斑leadlineofthegum齦鉛線salivation,drooling流口水straw-berrytongue草莓舌tremuloustongue舌震顫atrophy萎縮contracture攣縮deformity畸形，變形dislocation脫位fracture骨折closed(simple)fracture無創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折compoundfracture哆開(開放性)骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反張prosthesis假體spasm痙攣tetany(肌)強直，手足抽搦wristdrop腕下垂aphasia失語ataxia共濟失調coma昏迷consciousness知覺，意識convulsion抽搐，驚厥delirium譫妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻覺hemiplegia偏癱increasedintracranialpressure顱內壓增高insanity精神錯亂lossoforientation定向喪失mania躁狂memorydefects,amnesia記憶缺損，遺忘癥paraplegia截癱，下身麻痹projectilevomiting噴射性嘔吐somnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢癱瘓unconsciousness失去知覺yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,...)crisis腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象failure衰竭，故障central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory)failure中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷auscultation聽診inspection視診palpation觸診percussion叩診laboratoryexamination實驗室檢查physicalexamination體格檢查rectal(vaginal)touch直腸(陰道)指診impression印象tentativediagnosis暫定診斷differentialdiagnosis鑒別診斷finaldiagnosis最后診斷prognosis預后prescription處方incubation(latent)period潛伏期prodromalstage前驅期incipientstage初期quiescentstage靜止期alleviation減輕，緩和remission緩解attack發(fā)作convalescence(recovery)stage恢復期rehabilitation康復relaps