2019年英語(yǔ)新必修四講義Unit2SectionⅢGrammar-動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

Section_ⅢGrammar—?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.⑥Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary’sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(加黑部分)在句中作主語(yǔ)的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的是⑤；作介詞(短語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)的是②③④⑧。(2)⑨句中為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。(3)⑩句中it作形式主語(yǔ)。概念：動(dòng)詞-ing形式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞兩種。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中的語(yǔ)法作用：動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常置于句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的一種好方法。Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪費(fèi)別人的時(shí)間無(wú)異于謀財(cái)害命。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。Tolietoheriswrong.對(duì)她撒謊不對(duì)。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)爬山確實(shí)困難。[即時(shí)演練1]補(bǔ)全句子①Playing_with_fireisdangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。②Becareful！To_play_with_firewillbedangerous.小心點(diǎn)！玩火會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。③Swimming_is_a_good_sportinsummer.夏天游泳是一項(xiàng)好的體育活動(dòng)。2．形式主語(yǔ)it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)句式常見(jiàn)的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事沒(méi)用/是值得的It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用/沒(méi)意思Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等別人替你做決定是沒(méi)有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.勸說(shuō)這種人加入我們是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。[即時(shí)演練2]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①I(mǎi)tisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingcomputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③(上海高考改編)It’snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.3．當(dāng)句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時(shí)，需用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否認(rèn)環(huán)境狀況正在逐步惡化。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。[即時(shí)演練3]翻譯句子①不能說(shuō)出他要做什么。There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.②和他不能開(kāi)玩笑。There_is_no_joking_with_him.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)1．作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開(kāi)窗子嗎？Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。2．作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。[即時(shí)演練4](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(2016·浙江高考改編)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdoworking(work)withstudents.②Ioftenpractiselistening(listen)andspeaking(speak)．③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing_punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.(2)補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)tisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive_up_smoking.這對(duì)于正在試圖戒煙的人來(lái)說(shuō)很有用。②Ihaveneverdreamed_of_visiting_that_place.我從未夢(mèng)想過(guò)要參觀那個(gè)地方。③(陜西高考改編)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing_for_a_swim?今天很熱。你愿意去游泳嗎？3．在有些動(dòng)詞的后面，如：start,begin,continue等既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)指經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)指具體的動(dòng)作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨時(shí)他寧愿待在家里。(用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示今天下午留在家里這一具體的動(dòng)作。)[即時(shí)演練5]對(duì)比填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo_swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但含義不同。常見(jiàn)的有：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過(guò)……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過(guò)……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來(lái)去做某事doing停止做某事Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問(wèn)好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。[即時(shí)演練6](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)meanto_change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽高考改編)Irememberedto_lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto_turn(turn)offthelights.(2)補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)remember_to_mailtheletterbutforget_to_buythestamp.我記得要去寄信可忘了買(mǎi)郵票了。②Missingthetrainmeanswaiting_for_another_hour.誤了這班火車(chē)就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。6．下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車(chē)需要修一下。[即時(shí)演練7](1)一句多譯①這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論?！鶷he_question_deserved_discussing.→The_question_deserved_to_be_discussed.②這個(gè)窗戶需要清掃了?！鶷he_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.→The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.(2)補(bǔ)全句子(湖南高考改編)We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,more_work_needs_doing/to_be_done(有很多工作要做)toachievethefinalsuccess.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間。Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你沒(méi)有理由不去。Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。[即時(shí)演練8]補(bǔ)全句子①Excusemeformy_not_coming_on_time(我沒(méi)能按時(shí)來(lái))．②I’msorryfornot_having_kept_my_promise(沒(méi)有遵守我的承諾)．四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞-ing，即“sb./sb.’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞-ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing②名詞’s＋動(dòng)詞-ing③代詞賓格＋動(dòng)詞-ing④名詞＋動(dòng)詞-ingHercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒了。Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？[名師點(diǎn)津](1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用③④兩種形式。(2)無(wú)生命名詞無(wú)論是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)都不能用第②種形式。Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎？[即時(shí)演練9]用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全句子①His_father’s_being_illmadehimworried.他父親病了，使他很擔(dān)心。②Your_being_rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。③WearelookingforwardtoJay_Chou’s/Jay_Chou_comingtogiveusaconcert.我們盼望著周杰倫來(lái)給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wouldyoumindturning(turn)downyourradio?2．Thereisnousekeeping(keep)silentaboutsuchamatter.3．Hisnot_getting(notget)tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.4．Theteachertoldthestudentstostopwriting(write)andto_listen(listen)tohim.5．Hesucceededinpersuading(persuade)hertodothejob.6．Seeingthefunnyscene,Ican’thelplaughing(laugh)．7．Iregretto_tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.8．Thebookisworthreading(read)asecondtime.9．Wearelookingforwardtohearing(hear)fromMrLi.10．Thewindowshaven’tbeencleanedforalongtime.Theyneedcleaning/to_be_cleaned(clean)．Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作1．Iregret_to_tellyouthatyourmotherisbadlyill,butyouneedn’tregret_leavingheralone.很遺憾你母親病得很重，但你不需要為留下她獨(dú)自一人而后悔。2．Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting_up_more_rulestoprotectanimalrights.很多人都建議制定規(guī)則以保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益。3．IftheTVshouldneed_repairing/to_be_repaired,_pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果這臺(tái)電視需要修理的話，請(qǐng)盡快通知我。4．Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_accepting_the_decisionwithoutanyconsideration.很難想象他會(huì)不假思索就接受了這個(gè)決定。5．His_getting_up_late_in_the_morningmadehimlatefortheclass.他早上起晚了，導(dǎo)致他上課遲到了。6．It’s_fun_spending_the_holidayatthebeach.在海邊度假很有趣。7．Wearebusy(in)_preparing_for_the_coming_exam.我們正忙著為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。8．Tom’s_being_so_carelesscausedsomuchtrouble.湯姆這么粗心，惹來(lái)了不少麻煩。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Icrossedthestreettoavoid__1__(meet)him,but