有道學(xué)堂熟詞辟義

熟詞僻義詞absorb /v[T]absorbtheadditionalhardships（苦）Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheir e.[2007Text3]（與此同時(shí)，家庭成員的退休收入也要承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）[act//nC]行為；舉動(dòng)：Thisdreadfulmurderissurelytheactofamadman.（人驚駭?shù)闹\殺純粹是瘋子的行為。）Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydeterminedledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone2007Text1]（這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功，加上后來(lái)那動(dòng)，不如說(shuō)是一種認(rèn)知活動(dòng)。）Instead,thestudiesendedupgivingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathattheveryactofbeingexperimenteduponchangessubjects?behavior.[2010SectionI]（的是，人們最終以將這些研究的結(jié)果使受試者的行為發(fā)生改變。）OnlyadecadeearliersuchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia2008Text4（而僅僅在那之前的十年，這樣的行為在弗吉尼亞還需要得makessuchsportsillegal.（議會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法例，規(guī)定這些是的。）TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.[2013Text4]（唯一主要的來(lái)自官【常見(jiàn)義】vI,T]vI]address/ /v[T]（尤指正式地）向（或聽(tīng)眾）：Thechairmanwillnowaddressthemeeting.（現(xiàn)在由向與會(huì)者。）Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.[2002Text1]（因此，談話對(duì)象不同，所談的問(wèn)題也不同。）v[T]提出；提交（口頭或的報(bào)告以引起??的注意：addressa tothefacultysenate（向校評(píng)議會(huì)提交書(shū)）Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.[2014Text4]（然而，令 v[T]應(yīng)對(duì)； ernmentshavebeenslowtoaddresstheproblemofglobalwarming.（在應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖問(wèn)題上動(dòng)作遲緩。）BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhentherearecomprehensiveprogramsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.[2006SectionI]《波士頓報(bào)》的克里斯·里迪，只有通過(guò)綜合規(guī)劃agent/ /n[C]原動(dòng)力；動(dòng)因：Technologicaladvancesarethechiefagents;change.（技術(shù)進(jìn)步是的主要推動(dòng)力。）Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagent;ofevolutionhasgone.[2000Passage2]（由于大部分的變異是由引起的，所air//n[C]氣質(zhì)，風(fēng)度：swithatriumphantair（帶著勝利神情的微笑）EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.[2011Text1]（甚至在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上文章支持任命吉爾伯特的托馬西尼，都稱其為“一位謙遜的音樂(lè)家，在他身上anchor/ /n[C]；：HesignedoffafternineteenyearsasCBSnewsancho.newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.[2006Text4]（快餐食客們、主【常見(jiàn)義】nC]answer/ Britain’sanswertoMarilynMonroe.（界稱她為英國(guó)的瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露。）[2013Text1]Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan?sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.[2013Text1]邁克爾·波倫的《雜食者的困境》一書(shū)是消費(fèi)者【常見(jiàn)義】nC]vIT] v[I]（對(duì)有使感：Theideaofcamhasneverappealedtome.（對(duì)露營(yíng)這種想法我從來(lái)就不感。）Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators2007PartC]（如果有關(guān)法律的研習(xí)正開(kāi)始成為普通教育的重appetite/ /n[CU欲求：aninsatiableappetiteforbooks（對(duì)書(shū)籍永不滿足的）Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclaborforthemostpartbecauseofenslavementtoothersetc2009PartC]（比如，團(tuán)體的成立是為了階層的利益和抵御；家庭生活的建nU]approach/ /v[T]處理；對(duì)付：ernmentstendtoapproachtheissuedifferentangles.（傾向于從多個(gè)角度處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。）Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:yticallyprocedurallyrelationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively2009Text1]（20世紀(jì)60年代末，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人類生來(lái)具有四種主要的應(yīng)對(duì)的方法：分析的方法、程approachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsconventionalpaidmedia.[2011Text3]（如今消費(fèi)者對(duì)于做出購(gòu)買決定這一過(guò)程的處理方式，意味著市場(chǎng)的來(lái)自于傳統(tǒng)媒介以外的廣泛因argue/ /v[I,T]堅(jiān)持，主張：Thespeakerarguedthatmoreimmigrantsshouldbecountr.allcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.[2003Text3]（他們認(rèn)為，如果鐵路公司對(duì)所有客戶平均，那營(yíng)費(fèi)用。）Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?[2005Text1]（還記得科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙arm/ /v[T]提供（設(shè)備，信息等I’llneedtoarmmyselfwithallthefactsbeforemeetingthemformally.（在與他們正式見(jiàn)面前，我需要了解所有的事實(shí)。）Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.2004Text1]（有的人用它來(lái)密切nassume/ /v[T]呈現(xiàn)；具有（特定的性質(zhì)、外表或程度）：Militantactivityassumedepidemicproportions.（軍事活動(dòng)呈蔓延之勢(shì)。）Inthemwecanseebiophilia—ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife—assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.[2013Part[attack/ /n[C，U]；非難：anattack;ontheernment’spolicies（對(duì)政的）Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.2000Passage5]（對(duì)野心的抨bar/ /n[S]法律專業(yè)（法律界：Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.[2014Text2]（另一種提議是主張學(xué)生在法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)兩年后就進(jìn) v[T]承擔(dān)；擔(dān)負(fù)：theexpert’sfeeshallbebornebythetenant（專家費(fèi)要由承租人負(fù)擔(dān)）Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen—andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsnsarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies?futurehealthcare.[2007Text3]（醫(yī)療的絕對(duì)支出和家庭所承擔(dān)的份額都提高了，【常見(jiàn)義】nC] /nC（提交議會(huì)討論的）proposeabill（提出一項(xiàng)議案）Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicitythatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins2001SectionII]（為了大力加強(qiáng)對(duì)報(bào)界board /n[C]；理事會(huì)；董事會(huì)：Hesitson ’smanagement（他是公司的管理委員。）Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatare petentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”[2002Text4]（他說(shuō)，行醫(yī)執(zhí)照頒發(fā)“必須明確表明??痛苦的可以推定為由于醫(yī)生治療不力造成的，應(yīng)該吊銷其行醫(yī)執(zhí)照?！保゜ook//v[T]記載；把??記錄在冊(cè)：booktheloss（記錄損失）Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.[2010Text4]（另外，缺少的市場(chǎng)在一定程度branch/ /nC（知識(shí)的）分科；（語(yǔ)言的）分系Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.[2003PartB]（社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自branchofhumanknowledgeisonething;livingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,"asEmersionwouldsay,issomethingelse.[2006PartC]（精通人類知識(shí)的某個(gè)分支是一回事；而如buy//vT]認(rèn)為合乎情理而接受（某事物）Noonewillbuythatexcuse.（誰(shuí)也不會(huì)相信那個(gè)借口。）LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.[2005Text2]（許多人接受了這些無(wú)稽之談，結(jié)果在canned/ programme?（在此電視劇中有預(yù)先錄制的笑聲嗎？）AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway2007PartB]（capacity/ /n[C,U]能力；才能：achild’scapacityforlearning（孩子的力）“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey ewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandcarry/5kAri/ vT]備有（貨物）供銷售：Thesportsshopcarriesafullrangeofequipments.（這育用品商店有各類商品。）And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyersrevivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult[2010Text4]（除非銀行出[ ：possessivecase（所有格）MrMcWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish2005Text4]（麥克沃特先生的專業(yè)【常見(jiàn)義】n[C]catch/kAtF/n[U]所捕獲的某事物（的量：ahugecatchoffish（大量捕獲的魚(yú)）Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes2006Text[celebrate/ /v[T]歌頌asonnetthatcelebrateslove（歌頌愛(ài)情的）Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?[2011Text4]（在一個(gè)一直歌頌的社會(huì)中，承認(rèn)后悔孩子就相當(dāng)于承認(rèn)自己支持殘殺幼貓，這有什么奇怪的cement/ /chair/ /v[T]主持；：Wouldyouliketochairtomorrow’smeeting?（你愿主持明天的會(huì)議嗎？）SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70sandformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.[2003Text4]（桑德拉·戴·歐康奈現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)70多歲了，而前衛(wèi)生局C.埃弗雷特·庫(kù)伯80多歲時(shí)還擔(dān)任challenge/ v[T]質(zhì)疑：Thisnewdiscoverychallengestraditionalbeliefs.（這的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀念提出了異議。）Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.[2012Text3]（我們一起思考，一起懷疑、）n[C]質(zhì)問(wèn)；懷疑：aseriouschallengetothePrimeMinister'sauthority（對(duì)首相的性鄭重異議）Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.[2012Text3]（新的看似至關(guān)重要且有說(shuō)服力的發(fā)現(xiàn)和可靠發(fā)現(xiàn)總是會(huì)【常見(jiàn)義】v[T]n[C]check/ /v[T]阻礙；制止：checkanimpulsetolaugh（抑止住想要笑的沖動(dòng)）Thearefailingtotakeadequatemeasurestocheckthegrowthincrime.2000Passage] n[C]；爭(zhēng)論：Thensputoilcompaniesinahead-onclash;withenvironmentalists.（這些計(jì)劃使石油公司和環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者發(fā)生了正面。）Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclash;ofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.[2001Passage3]（對(duì)媒class /v[T]把??分類；將??歸類： eareclassedashard（和歸入硬一類。）WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiture.[2000Passage3]（然而，對(duì)于未來(lái)正確的，也很難將其歸類于文學(xué)。）nC]arareclassofbutterflies（一類稀有的蝴蝶）It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.[2010Text2]（它“有可能cloak/ /v[T]隱藏；覆蓋；掩飾：Shecloakedherembarrassmentbyrushingintospeech.（她急忙開(kāi)口說(shuō)話，以掩飾自己的尷尬。）Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga.”[2011Text2]（他沒(méi)有用一些常見(jiàn)的模棱兩可的借口掩飾自己的離開(kāi)，反而坦言離職是為了cloud/ /v[T]毀壞（某事物；：Ihopethisdisagreementwon’tcloudourfriendship.（我希望這一不會(huì)影響我們的友誼。）Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations2011Text2]（同時(shí)，的商業(yè)環(huán)境也使得高級(jí)經(jīng)理外，避免讓模糊不清的表態(tài)給自己的名【常見(jiàn)義】n[CU]code/ /n[C]行為準(zhǔn)則；行為規(guī)范：Theprofessionhasastrictcodeofpractice.（行有嚴(yán)格的行業(yè)守則。）Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.[2002Text]醫(yī)學(xué)界正采取措施讓年輕的醫(yī)生在晚期療養(yǎng)所接受培訓(xùn)，檢驗(yàn)各種大膽的鎮(zhèn)痛療法方面的知識(shí)，為醫(yī)院所提供的臨終制定醫(yī)療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)也為評(píng)估和處理彌留之際的病痛建立新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotboundbyanethicscode.[2012SectionI]（部分原因在于并不為道德規(guī)范所約束。）comb/ /v[T]細(xì)查；搜尋：combedtheareaforthemurderweapon.（這dealers?storesinAthens,Greece.19[2014PartB]（世紀(jì)末期，英國(guó)考古學(xué)家亞瑟·埃文斯爵 .團(tuán)體；界：Thehaven’treallydoneanythingfortheblackcommunityinparticular.（并沒(méi)有特別為團(tuán)體做什么。）Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying2002Text4]（另一方面，們來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)只是延長(zhǎng)了他們彌留之際上的苦痛。）n[C]（生態(tài)）群落：communitiesofinsectivorousbirds（食蟲(chóng)鳥(niǎo)類群落）Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.[2010PartC]（然而，這些生物卻是生物群落的成員，如果生物群落的穩(wěn)定性取決于其完整【常見(jiàn)義】n[C] /n[U]陪伴：Ienjoyhis .（我喜歡和他在一起。）Assdiscussedbefore,itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicmedium,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandintheoftheperiodical.[2002SectionII]（正如前面所講的，直到19世紀(jì)，報(bào)紙才繼小冊(cè)子和之后，conceive/ 能懷孕。）Soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania.[2007Text1]（酷愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)的父母更有可能在春季懷孕，因?yàn)槟鞘且籧onstitutes /v[T]是；被算作：Theriseincrimeconstitutesathreatto（率上升是對(duì)社會(huì)的。）AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsocontend/ /v[T]主張（某事物；爭(zhēng)辯；認(rèn)為，聲稱：Iwouldcontendunemploymentisourmostserioussocialevil.（我認(rèn)為失業(yè)是我們社會(huì)最為嚴(yán)重的弊病。）NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”[2002Text4]（蒙特非奧爾醫(yī)療中 istheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight（someofthemfourorfivenights）pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.[2006Text2]（莎士比亞劇團(tuán)聲稱，看戲的人為小鎮(zhèn)帶來(lái)了大量的收入，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诖诉^(guò)夜JointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositivethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.[2012Text]但是course /n[]時(shí)間的進(jìn)程，過(guò)程：InthecourseofmylonglifeI'veknownmanyoccurstrytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.2005Text]局；下次再做類似的夢(mèng)的時(shí)候，努力及時(shí)醒來(lái)以控制夢(mèng)的進(jìn)程。）Hisfunctionis tothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.[2006PartC]（他的職責(zé)與相似，必只或飛行器的）航向，航線：Thecourseoftheshipwasduenorth.（這條船的航行方向是正）Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.[2015PartC]（有時(shí)候風(fēng)暴使船只嚴(yán)重偏離航線，而風(fēng)平浪靜又常常使他們陷入【常見(jiàn)義】n[C]cover/ /v[T]（）：TheBBCwillcoverallthemajorgamesoftakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered2010Text1]（在那段遙遠(yuǎn)的歲月里，人們認(rèn)為各大報(bào)紙的評(píng)論家應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)[coverage /n[C,U]：media/newspaper/presscoverage（/報(bào)/報(bào)的）OfallthechangesthathavetakenceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.[2010Text1]（25年中，英文報(bào)紙發(fā)生craft/ /vT]精心制作：Hecraftedthechairlovingly.（他精心制作了這把椅子。）encourageinnovationandcompetitionthereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents?abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.2014Text4]（為了激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和21世紀(jì)解決問(wèn)critical /adj.重要的；緊要的；關(guān)鍵Itisabsoluycriticalforustoknow（我們知道是極其重要的。）“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.[2007Text（斯滕伯格在《智力測(cè)試有多準(zhǔn)?》一文中，傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試能夠很好地評(píng)估分析能力和語(yǔ)言criticism/ nCU（文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等的）評(píng)Liryandartcriticismisacomplexquestionwhichrequiresagreatdealofspecialstudy.（文藝批評(píng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，需要大量專門的研究。）Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.[2010Text1]（40歲以下的普通讀者而言，他們難以想象一個(gè)可以在大多[cp/ /v[]terfttedchea（）tattescaetygeststttemtaeyieldttcanecedmaiycesnteasfatagtcisisat%fitsigiallevel.[6ext]（）cultivate/5kQltIveIt/v[T]力求獲得的友誼或支持：Youmustcultivatepeoplewhocanhelpyouinbusiness.（你得結(jié)交在業(yè)務(wù)上對(duì)你有用的人。）Theygavejusticespermanentpositionssotheywouldbetoupsetthoseinpowerandhavenoneedtocultivatepoliticalsupport.[ n[C]控制；約束： ernmentcurbsonspending（對(duì)開(kāi)支的限制）Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwastheFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.[2010Text2]（對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利1998年所謂“道富銀行案”的裁決中引入了這類專利，當(dāng)時(shí)批準(zhǔn)對(duì)某種共同投資資產(chǎn)的管理方法授予專利。）Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.[2013Text1]（盡管有些deliver /v[T]（正式）：Hewilldeliveralectureonendangeredwhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandundmanner2002Text1]（你可以輕松、自然地在[discipline/ /n[C學(xué)科；教學(xué)科目：Whendidsociologyemergeasadistinctdiscipline?（社會(huì)學(xué)是何時(shí)成為獨(dú)立學(xué)科的？）Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis2003PartC]（人類學(xué)是一門以實(shí)地研究為導(dǎo)向的學(xué)科，它大量使用比較分析的方法。）ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicinlectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.[2007PartC]【常見(jiàn)義】nU] v[T]考慮；否認(rèn)：Hejustlaughedanddismissedmyproposalasunrealistic.（他只是笑了笑，認(rèn)為我的建議不切實(shí)際，考慮。）Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebydramatic onhouseprices.（這則公告對(duì)房屋價(jià)格產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。）Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways2011Text]同樣劇烈的技術(shù)者會(huì)以更快、更明顯和更具破壞性的方式表達(dá)他們的意見(jiàn)。）dumb/ /adj愚蠢的：adumbdecision（愚蠢的決定）It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.[2011Text4]（很難想象，很多embrace vT欣然接受（或支持（某種信仰、理論、改變等）：Mostcountrieshaveenthusiasticallyembracedtheconceptofhigh-speedrailroads.（許多國(guó)家都已經(jīng)熱情高漲地接受了高速鐵路這一概念。）Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentialsthoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.[2010Text3]（人員支持“二級(jí)”理論，因?yàn)樵摾碚摫砻髦灰麄兡苷业絜ndend/nC]She’lldoanythingtoachieveherownends.（她會(huì)全力以赴實(shí)現(xiàn)exploit/ /vT]（為獲取利益而）利用：Weneedtoexploiteveryopportunityformediacoverage.（我們需要利用每一個(gè)宣傳的機(jī)會(huì)。）Whiletraditional“paid”media—suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements—stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.[2011Text3]（雖然傳統(tǒng)的“”媒介— excus（languageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewell-studiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.[2004 [fair/ /nC]集市；廟會(huì)：EveryautumnIgotothecountyfair.（每個(gè)秋季我都去縣里的集市。）Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimal—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.[2003Text2]（舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，在最近的一次街【常見(jiàn)義】adj.fashion/ /v[T]；改變：fashionthesocialinstitutionsoftheold（改變舊的社習(xí)俗）Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.[2013Text4]（而亞利桑那州試圖改變州政策，欲與已存在的法令并駕齊驅(qū)。）v[T]形成；設(shè)計(jì)或制作某物：Hefashionedaboxfromafewoldpiecesofwood.（他用幾塊舊木頭做了個(gè)盒子。）Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanirrepressibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge.2013PartC]（毫無(wú)表達(dá)是人類的基本需求。）IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.[2005Text2]（如果沒(méi)有率先，father vT做??的父親Hefatheredthreechildren.（他有三個(gè)孩子。）TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.[2008Text4]（科feature/ /n[C]（尤指報(bào)、的長(zhǎng)篇）特寫(xiě)，特別：aspecialfeaturechildren’sreferencebooks（一篇關(guān)于兒童參考讀物的專題文章）AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecent設(shè)立的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)加入到獎(jiǎng)的行列。）v[T]以??為特色；是??的特征：Thealarm.警器。）Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.2006特寫(xiě)；突出表現(xiàn)：Thismonth’smagazinefeaturesthenewJamesBondonthefrontcover.（本月封面上有新的詹姆斯·邦德的特寫(xiě)。）Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.[2011Text4]（實(shí)際上，每周上都 /v[T]供給；供應(yīng)：Thepublicbathsarefedbynaturalsprings.（該公共浴池的水來(lái)自天然泉水。）IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.[2007Text1]（如果你再檢查為和職業(yè)球隊(duì)輸送人才的歐洲國(guó)家青年隊(duì)，[fertile/ j.fertil.waytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.[2000Passage2]（還有另式扼殺了人類自身的進(jìn)化：延長(zhǎng)，但卻少fetch/ /v[T]售得；賣得：Thelandcouldfetchoveramillionpounds.（這塊地售價(jià)可100萬(wàn)英鎊。）Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch2010Text4]（這些準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定，[field 答了幾個(gè)尷尬的問(wèn)題。）SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoewhoseIQis100aswhat’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondnessOrwhatisthe ]史人物）Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwritingtocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.[2005Text4]（人已經(jīng)不再期待公眾人物在或?qū)懽髦羞\(yùn)用技巧和文采來(lái)駕馭英語(yǔ)了。）Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.[2014Text4]（該fold/ vI]ateamthatneverfoldedunderpressure（一支從不屈服于壓力的隊(duì)伍）TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallnning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong2010Text4] /v[T]形成，建立（關(guān)系：Thetwowomenforgedaclosebond.（兩位成緊密。）Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.[2007PartC]（另一方面，它把這些概念同日常生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)，其方式與每天[ n[C]財(cái)產(chǎn)：Shepursuedherfortuneinanothercountry.（她到他鄉(xiāng)尋求。）Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,他們并不感到絕望，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己的狀況仍然感覺(jué)良好。）Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextra efromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.[2007Text3]（但是今天，家庭收入的減少再也不能靠以前待在家里的伴侶出去賺取[frame/ /nC]Shehasquiteasmallframe.（她身材很瘦小。）Thebodiesyingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes.[2008Text3]（近年來(lái)，那些從事重要體育項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體發(fā)生了巨大變fuel/ ：animminentcabinetreshuffle.（他的辭職激起了人們對(duì)內(nèi)閣將隨之重組的猜測(cè)。）Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.[2002Text4]（另一方面，許多醫(yī)學(xué)界的人承認(rèn)，協(xié)助的爭(zhēng)game/ /n[U]野禽；獵物：gamebirds（供獵捕的鳥(niǎo)）Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction2006Text3]（這些生長(zhǎng)緩慢的大型動(dòng)物很容易被獵殺，所以很快就被獵殺殆盡。）gift/ authorshavebrainsenoughorli rygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefinejournalism?asatermofcontemptappliedbywriters家對(duì)那些廣受歡迎的作家的輕蔑之辭?。”）【常見(jiàn)義】ngrasp/ /v[T]全面理解（某事）；全面：Ihadn’treallygraspedwhattheyweretalkingabout.（我沒(méi)有真正明白他們?cè)谡務(wù)撌裁础＃㊣nligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileinlectexamines,pondrs,wondrs,theorizes,criticizesandiagi [2004Text4]（智力尋求的是、操控、重新安排和調(diào)整，而智慧旨在審視、思考、懷疑、推理、和想象。）Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.[2014PartC]（這也解釋了為何[ /n.說(shuō)、做或相信某事的原因或理由：Theyhadnogroundstoarrest（他們沒(méi)有理由逮捕他。）Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.[2003Text3](鐵路公司認(rèn)為對(duì)“受制約的”托運(yùn)商實(shí)行差別是合理的，理由是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，所有人的成本都會(huì)減少。)Buttherearefewceswhere shavemoregroundsforcomintthanAmerica.[2014Text2](然而，【常見(jiàn)義】nU]nS]guide /nC]有指導(dǎo)意義的事物；準(zhǔn)則：Asaroughguide,allowhalfacupofrice.（大致定個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是每人半杯米。）Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.[2011Text3]（過(guò)去，市場(chǎng)成功的大致準(zhǔn)則就是一分錢[ /adj.相當(dāng)大的；可觀的：ahandsomereward（一筆可觀的）report,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofarmadehandsomeprofits2008Text]這份harness/ v[T]；管理；支配：Ifyoucanharnessyourenergy,youwilplishagreatdeal.（如果你能控制你的精力，巨大成功。）Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter2005Text3]（其中一位重要的[hawk/ /v[T]叫賣；兜售：Streettraderswerehawkingcostumejewellery.（小販正在叫賣不值錢的仿造珠寶。）“There’sakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyarengancestrytesting,”saysTroyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.[2009Text2]（紐約大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家特洛伊·hijack/ /v[T]把持，控制，使用（本不屬于自己的東西：Environmentalistswereaim.來(lái)促進(jìn)自身目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。）Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.[2011Text3]hit//vT]達(dá)到（某事物Theyenhitarecordhighintradingtoday.（在今日的交theirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.2014SectionI]（許多人一步入中[hold/ vT]持有；懷有（觀點(diǎn)或信念：Expertsholdvaryingopinionsastothecausesofthedisease.（專家們對(duì)該病的起因各持己見(jiàn)。）Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.[2002Text4]（雖然裁決規(guī)定，沒(méi)有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助的權(quán)力，但實(shí)際上還是支持“雙重效應(yīng)”的醫(yī)學(xué)原則的。這個(gè)延續(xù)了數(shù)百年的道OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldtheCongresshaddeliberay“occupiedthefieldandArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers2013Text]在被推翻的條款中，大多數(shù)認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)早已有意“占領(lǐng)了這塊領(lǐng)地”，因此亞利桑那州了聯(lián)[honor/ /v[T]給??以榮譽(yù)；向??表示尊敬：Weareheretodaytohonorthemenandwomenwhogavetheirlivesfortheircountry.（今天我們?cè)诖讼蚰切樽鎳?guó)獻(xiàn)出生命的人們表示敬意。Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.[2010Text1]（他于1967年被授予爵士稱號(hào)，是第一個(gè)獲此殊榮的音樂(lè)評(píng)論家。）[immune/ /adj.不受某事物影響；不易感受某事物：immunetocriticism（不評(píng)所動(dòng)搖）RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower2006Text1]（羅德里格斯，全世界偏遠(yuǎn)山村的孩子們都是像阿諾·施瓦辛格與加思·布魯克斯【常見(jiàn)義】adj.有免疫力（因接種或自發(fā)的inform/ ：contentofherlatestnovel.（難民經(jīng)歷影響了她推出的小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。）Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother2015PartB]（最理想的是，不同閱讀方式互相影響，彼此作 /n[U]利息：payinterestonacapitalsum（付一筆的利息）Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalowrateofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenotfrequentlyn.好處；利益：Itisinyourbestinteresttocooperate.（合作對(duì)你最有利。）AstheInternetesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeacces