專升本英語(閱讀理解)模擬試卷27(題后含答案及解析)

專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷27(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.Supposewebuiltarobot(機器人)toexploretheplanetMars.Weprovidetherobotwithseeingdetectorstokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelybythesun.Shouldweprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?No.Therobotwouldbeusingupenergyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewouldprobablyprogramittoceaseitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.Accordingtotheevolutionarytheoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous.However,sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewemightwalkinto;itdoesnotprotectusfromtroublethatcomeslookingforus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinafamiliar,safeplace,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.Theevolutionarytheoryaccountswellfordifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?Surelycatsdonotneedfivetimesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,theycannotaffordtosleeptoolongortoodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawayfromattackers.1．Theauthorusestheexampleoftherobotinspaceexplorationtotellus________.A．thedifferencebetweenrobotsandmenB．thereasonwhymenneedtosleepC．a(chǎn)bouttheneedforrobotstosavepowerD．a(chǎn)boutthedangerofmenworkingatnight正確答案：B解析：通過閱讀文章可知作者通過引用機器人探索太空的例子來說明機器人也需要休息來進行能量補充，從而引出下面的話題，說明人類為什么需要睡眠，故選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解2．Evolutionhasprogrammedmantosleepatnightchieflytohelphim________.A．maintainaregularpatternoflifeB．preventtroublethatcomeslookingforhimC．a(chǎn)voiddangerandinefficientlaborD．restorehisbodilyfunctions正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中：Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportantrestorativefunctions．Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous，可知人們在夜間休息主要是因為晚間活動效率低下，而且可能很危險。故C正確。知識模塊：閱讀理解3．Accordingtotheauthor,wecannotsleepwellwhenwe______.A．a(chǎn)reworryingaboutoursafetyB．a(chǎn)reoverworkedC．a(chǎn)reinatentD．a(chǎn)reawayfromhome正確答案：A解析：文章第二段最后一句指出在一個熟悉、安全的地方我們能夠睡得很好，但當(dāng)擔(dān)心會有野熊襲擊時就會睡得很輕，即當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心安全問題時就會睡不好。故選A。知識模塊：閱讀理解4．Catssleepmuchmorethanhorsesdopartlybecausecats________.A．needmoretimeforrestorationB．a(chǎn)reunlikelytobeattackedC．a(chǎn)remoreactivethanhorseswhentheyareawakeD．spendlesstimeeatingtogetenoughenergy正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第三段中Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhiletheysleep．Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating，becausewhattheyeatisverylowinenergyvalue，可知D為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解5．Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Evolutionhasequippedallcreatureswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwaking.B．Thestudyofsleepisanimportantpartoftheevolutionarytheory.C．Sleepingpatternsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthedesigningofrobots.D．Thesleepingpatternofalivingcreatureisdeterminedbythefooditeats.正確答案：A解析：通過理解全文可知文章主要講了進化論使所有生物都有一個固定的休息和工作模式。只有A項描述與主旨貼近。故選A。知識模塊：閱讀理解Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpartofthetime.Tobeincompany,evenwiththebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionsocompanionableassolitude.Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroadthanwhenwestayinourchambers”,forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkalonealldaywithoutfeelinglonesome,butmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthestudentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,isactuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefarmerwasinhis.Societyiscommonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranewtasteofthatmustyoldcheesethatweare;welivethickandareineachother’sway,andIthinkthatwethuslosesomerespectforoneanother.Wehavehadtoagreeonacertainsetofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunicationsbetweenmen.Itwouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitanttoasquaremile,aswhereIlive,forasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.6．Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause______.A．lonelinessdoesn’tmeanbeingaloneB．manalwayswantstoworkC．solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellowsD．lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中…forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows，可知孤獨不是由空間距離造成的，隱含的意思是孤獨來自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解7．Theauthorusestheexampleofthefarmerandthestudenttoshowthat______.A．menneedrecreationaftertheirworkB．menarenotlonelywhentheyareworkingC．solitudeisnecessary,forastudentD．peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude正確答案：B解析：文章第三段指出農(nóng)民可以一整天地工作而不會感到孤單，但他卻很奇怪為什么一個學(xué)生能夠在晚上一個人獨自靜坐，因為他沒有意識到學(xué)生其實和他一樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會感到孤單。知識模塊：閱讀理解8．Whentheauthorsays:“Societyiscommonlytoocheap”,hemeansthat______.A．wemeetnotfrequentlyenoughB．weeatcheapfoodandliveasimplelifeC．ourlivesaresoregularD．peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第四段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wemeetatveryshortintervals，nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeachother，故選D。知識模塊：閱讀理解9．Theauthor’sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat______.A．itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpolitenessB．itcanbediscoveredthroughfrequentphysicalcontactsC．itcanbefoundinaman’sappearanceD．itdoesn’tlieinphysicalcontact正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句話forasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin，weneednottouchhim，可知D為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解10．Whichofthefollowingisnottheauthor’sidea?A．Theideaofsolitudeisembodieddifferentlyinastudentandafarmer.B．Theroutinelifeunderliesman’sloneliness.C．Etiquetteandpolitenessarerulesthatmakefrequentmeetingstolerable.D．Lessfrequentmeetingscanmakeusmoreawareofthevalueofmen.正確答案：B解析：從文章中可知，孤獨是由于人與人之間很少的交流，但不是日常事務(wù)造成的。因此選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解Arecentstudydescribedcoalasa“bridgetothefuture”.Asthemostplentifulfossil(化石)fuelintheworld,coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemandforenergy.Butproblemscausesometroubletothispromisingoldfuel.Coalisfoundaroundtheglobe,butthreecountries—theUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandChinaownnearlytwothirdsofallknowncoalreserves.Atpresentratesofusingcoalthesereserveswouldlasttheworldmorethan200years,accordingtotheestimatescarefullymade.Furthermore,scientiststhinktheworldprobablyhas15timesthismuchcoal.WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does.Inadditiontothecategoryofknownreserves,theU.S.GeologicalSurvey(地質(zhì)調(diào)查所)hascalculatedthattheUnitedStateshasanestimated1.7trillion(萬億)tonsofcoalatdepthsoflessthan3,000feet.Unfortunately,muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices.Toproduceandusemuchmorecoalthanwedotoday,anumberofproblemswillhavetobesolved;capitalathighinterestrates,manpower,andtransportation,includinginsufficientrailfacilities.Environmentalconcernsincludetheproperdevelopmentofminesites,possiblechangesinglobalclimatecausedbyincreasedcarbondioxidefromburningcoal,andtheobjectsthataresentoutfromcoalstacks(煙囪)thatwearoutbuildings,poisonlakes,anddamagehumanlungs.11．Oneoftheadvantagesofcoalisthat______.A．itcanimproveglobalclimateB．thereisalotofitC．itisalwayseasytodigD．itdoesn’tpollute正確答案：B解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Asthemostplentifulfossil(化石)fuelintheworld，coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemandforenergy，可知煤的數(shù)量有很多，這可以算作是它的一個優(yōu)勢，其他三項根據(jù)文章或常識都可以排除。故選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解12．WhichproblemisNotmentionedinthearticle?A．Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.B．Pollutionoftheenvironment.C．Whathappenswhenthecoalisusedup.D．Insufficientrailfacilities.正確答案：C解析：由第四段中muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices排除A選項，由第五段第一、第二句話排除B、D選項，故選C。知識模塊：閱讀理解13．Whichcountryhasthelargestshareofknownworldcoalreserves?A．China.B．TheUnitedStates.C．TheformerSovietUnion.D．Thearticledoesn’ttellus.正確答案：B解析：由第三段中WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare--morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves，故選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解14．HowmuchcoaldoestheUnitedStateshaveinknowncoalreserves?A．786billiontons.B．1.7billiontons.C．Nearly200billiontons.D．3,000billiontons.正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare--morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves，可知786×1／4=196．5，故選C。知識模塊：閱讀理解15．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．TheU.S.hasabout1.7trilliontonsofcoalatdepthsofmorethan3,000feet.B．Scientiststhinkthatallcoalreserveshavebeenfoundout.C．Allcoaliseasytogetbecausewehavemoderntechnology.D．TheU.S.andChinaproducealmostequalamountsofcoal.正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuchcoalastheU．S．does，可知D為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisre-socializationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleofafather.Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthetransitiontothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransitionthewifemustmaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation,ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebread-winnerinthehousehold.16．Accordingtotheauthor,beingafather________.A．bringsafeelingofexcitementtosomemenB．hasadifferentmeaningforthosewhohavedaughtersC．makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasyD．meansnothingbutmoreresponsibilities正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews，whileothersworry，wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers，可知當(dāng)知道自己快要成為父親時，有些男人會感到很自豪，而有些男人卻會感到擔(dān)憂、不自在，故C為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解17．Itisstatedinthepassagethat_________.A．someparentsarenotpreparedtohaveachildB．youngcouplesdonotlikechildrenatallC．workingcouplesdonothavemuchtimetotakecareoftheirchildrenD．manyparentslookforwardtohavingaboyastheirfirstchild正確答案：A解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Forothercouples，pregnancy(懷孕)wasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly，可知有些夫婦還沒有做好生小孩的思想準(zhǔn)備，故A為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解18．Inthesecondparagraph,theauthor_________.A．criticizesfathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilitiesinbringinguptheirchildrenB．excusestheAmericanwritersforignoringthedifficultiesofbeingafatherC．supportstheideathatthechiefroleofafatheristoearnmoneyforthefamilyD．complainsaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelphusbandsadjustthemselvestobeingafather正確答案：A解析：文章第二段提到“Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehad．．．spendlittletimewiththem．”可知作者持批評態(tài)度，故選A。知識模塊：閱讀理解19．Thetransitiontothemother’srolerequiresthatthewife_________.A．changeherlifestyleinahighlyinnovativewayB．makeacompletechangeinhereverydaylifetodealwiththenewsituationC．stayathometotakecareofthebabyD．helpherhusbandinhisre-socializationprocess正確答案：B解析：根據(jù)文章第四段中Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation，故選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解20．Somewritersarguethatwithrespecttothechangeofroles,fathers,comparedwithmothers,_________A．havetoshouldermoreburdensB．havetomakemoredifficultadaptationsC．haveaneasierjobtodoD．canusuallydoabetterjob正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthetransitiontothefather’srole，althoughdifficult，isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransitionthewifemustmaketothemother’srole，可知與母親這一角色相比，父親的工作相比較容易一些，故C為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解Arecentstudydescribedcoalasa“bridgetothefuture”.Asthemostplentifulfossil(化石)fuelintheworld,coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemandforenergy.Butproblemscausesometroubletothispromisingoldfuel.Coalisfoundaroundtheglobe,butthreecountries—theUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandChinaownnearlytwothirdsofallknowncoalreserves.Atpresentratesofusingcoalthesereserveswouldlasttheworldmorethan200years,accordingtotheestimatescarefullymade.Furthermore,scientiststhinktheworldprobablyhas15timesthismuchcoal.WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does.Inadditiontothecategoryofknownreserves,theU.S.GeologicalSurvey(地質(zhì)調(diào)查所)hascalculatedthattheUnitedStateshasanestimated1.7trillion(萬億)tonsofcoalatdepthsoflessthan3,000feet.Unfortunately,muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices.Toproduceandusemuchmorecoalthanwedotoday,anumberofproblemswillhavetobesolved:capitalathighinterestrates,manpower,andtransportation,includinginsufficientrailfacilities.Environmentalconcernsincludetheproperdevelopmentofminesites,possiblechangesinglobalclimatecausedbyincreasedcarbondioxidefromburningcoal,andtheobjectsthataresentoutfromcoalstacks(煙囪)thatwearoutbuildings,poisonlakes,anddamagehumanlungs.21．Oneoftheadvantagesofcoalisthat______.A．itcanimproveglobalclimateB．ther