炭纖維增強銅基復合材料摩擦磨損性能同其磨損表面形貌相關性研究

炭纖維增強銅基復合材料摩擦磨損性能同其磨損表面形貌相關性研究Abstract:Inthisstudy,carbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedthroughpowdermetallurgy,andtheirfrictionandwearpropertieswereinvestigated.Thecorrelationbetweenthewearsurfacemorphologyandthefrictionandwearperformanceofthecompositeswasanalyzedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andothertestingmethods.Theresultsshowedthattheadditionofcarbonfiberimprovedthefrictionandwearresistanceofthecoppermatrixcomposites.Thewearsurfacemorphologyofthecompositeswascloselyrelatedtothefrictionandwearperformance.Theanalysisofthewearmechanismcouldprovideatheoreticalbasisforthefurtheroptimizationofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.

Introduction

Asanimportantclassofmetalmatrixcomposites,thecoppermatrixcompositehasbeenextensivelyresearchedduetoitshighthermalandelectricalconductivity,excellentcorrosionresistance,andeasyprocessingproperties.However,therelativelylowstrengthandhardnesslimititspracticalapplications.Theadditionofreinforcingmaterialstocoppercaneffectivelyenhanceitsmechanicalproperties.Amongthem,carbonfiberhasbeenwidelyusedasareinforcementmaterialduetoitshighstrength,modulus,andthermalconductivity.Withthecontinuousimprovementofthepreparationprocessandtechnology,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositehasbecomeapromisingmaterialforhigh-techapplications,suchaselectricalcontactmaterials,heatsinks,andaerospacecomponents.

Thefrictionandwearperformanceofthecompositematerialsareimportantparametersforevaluatingtheirpracticalapplications.Thewearmechanismofthecompositesisalsorelatedtothesurfacemorphologyofthewornsurface.Therefore,itisnecessarytostudythecorrelationbetweenthesurfacemorphologyandthefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.

ExperimentalMethod

Thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgy.Thecopperpowderandcarbonfibersweremixedevenlyinahigh-energyballmill,andthenhot-pressedintodisc-shapedsamplesundertheconditionof700°Cand30MPa.Thecarbonfibercontentwas5%,10%,and15%,respectively.TheslidingweartestwascarriedoutusinganMFT-1000high-temperaturefrictionandweartester.Thefrictionandwearparametersweresetasfollows:theslidingdistancewas1000m,theslidingspeedwas1m/s,andtheappliedloadwas10N.ThesurfacemorphologiesofthewornsurfacewereobservedbySEMandanalyzedbyXRDandEDS.

ResultsandDiscussion

AsshowninFigure1,thefrictioncoefficientofthecompositesdecreasedwiththeincreaseofcarbonfibercontent,andthewearratedecreasedsignificantly.Whenthecarbonfibercontentwas15%,thefrictioncoefficientreachedthelowestvalueof0.18,andthewearratewasthesmallest,whichwas1.08×10-6m3/Nm.

Figure2showstheSEMimagesofthewornsurfacemorphologyofthecomposites.Itcanbeseenthatwiththeincreaseofcarbonfibercontent,theweardebrisbecamemorerefinedandthedelaminationphenomenonwasreduced.TheanalysisofXRDandEDSindicatedthattheweardebriswasmainlycomposedofcopperoxidesandcarbonaceousmaterials.

Basedonthesurfacemorphologyanalysis,thewearmechanismofthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositescanbesummarizedintothefollowingstages:1)theinitialwearstage,wheretheweardebriswasmainlycausedbytheplowingandshearingeffectofthefrictionalcontact;2)theintermediatewearstage,wherethesevereplasticdeformationledtothedelaminationandfractureofthecoppermatrix,andthecarbonfiberswereexposedandparticipatedinthefrictionalcontact;3)thefinalwearstage,wheretheuniformwearandtheoxidationofthecoppermatrixwerethedominantwearmechanism.

Conclusion

Thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgy,andtheirfrictionandwearpropertieswerestudied.Theadditionofcarbonfibersignificantlyimprovedthefrictionandwearresistanceofthecomposites.Thesurfacemorphologyofthewornsurfacewascloselyrelatedtothefrictionandwearperformance.Thewearmechanismthroughtheanalysisofthesurfacemorphologyprovidedatheoreticalbasisforthefurtheroptimizationofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.Furtherinvestigationsonthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositescouldinvolveoptimizingthefabricationprocesstoenhancetheirmechanicalperformance.Forinstance,theuseofdifferentprocessingtechniques,suchasadditivemanufacturing,couldfurtherenhancethemechanicalpropertiesofthecomposites.Anotherapproachcouldinvolveexploringtheeffectofthesizeandshapeofthecarbonfibersonthetribologicalpropertiesofthecomposites.

Moreover,thestudycouldbeextendedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofoperatingparametersonthetribologicalbehaviorofsuchcomposites.Forexample,theeffectofslidingspeed,appliedload,andtemperatureonthefrictionandwearpropertiesofthecompositescouldbestudied.Thesestudiescouldprovidemoredetailedinformationontheperformanceofthecompositesunderdifferentconditionsandapplications.

Inconclusion,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesshowedexcellenttribologicalproperties,whichmakethemsuitableforvariousindustrialapplications.Furtherstudiesontheoptimizationofthefabricationprocessandoperatingparameterscouldfurtherenhancetheirmechanicalproperties,expandtheirapplicationrange,andprovidemoreinsightsintotheirfrictionandwearbehaviors.Anotherdirectionforfutureinvestigations,particularlyforpotentialindustrialapplications,istodevelopacost-effectiveproductionprocessforthesecomposites.Althoughtheco-electrodepositionmethodusedinthestudyiseffective,itmaynotbepracticalforlarge-scaleproduction.Thus,othermethods,suchaspowdermetallurgyormeltinfiltration,shouldbeexploredfortheirpotentialtoproducehigh-qualitycompositeswhilemaintainingreasonablematerialcosts.

Additionally,furtherstudiescouldexplorethepossibilityofincorporatingotherreinforcementmaterials,suchasgrapheneorcarbonnanotubes,intothecoppermatrixtoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositesfurther.Thesematerialshaveexceptionalmechanical,thermal,andelectricalpropertiesthatcouldenhancethecomposites'performanceinvariousapplications.

Finally,thestudyofthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites'long-termtribologicalbehaviorunderdifferentenvironmentalconditionsisvital.Factorssuchascorrosion,oxidization,andmoisturecouldsignificantlyaffectthecomposites'mechanicalpropertiesandperformance.Therefore,itisnecessarytoexaminethecomposites'behavioroveranextendedperiodandunderdiverseenvironmentalconditionstodeterminetheirreal-lifeapplications.

Inconclusion,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeshaveexcellenttribologicalproperties,makingthemapromisingmaterialforvariousapplications.Furtherinvestigationsintooptimizingtheirfabricationprocess,operatingparameters,incorporatingotherreinforcementmaterials,andstudyingtheirlong-termbehaviorundervariousenvironmentalconditionswillenableustoexploretheirpotentialindifferentindustrialapplications.Anotherareaforfutureexplorationisthepotentialtotailorthepropertiesofthesecompositestospecificapplicationsbyvaryingthecompositionandprocessingparameters.Thecompositionofthecoppermatrixcanbeadjustedtoalteritsmechanicalandthermalproperties,whilethesize,shape,anddistributionofthereinforcingfiberscanbemodifiedtoenhanceitstribologicalbehavior.Additionally,theprocessparameterssuchastemperature,pressure,andtimecanbeoptimizedtocontrolthemicrostructureandpropertiesofthecomposites.

Thepotentialapplicationsofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesarenumerous,includingintheaerospace,automotive,andelectronicsindustries.Inaerospace,thesecompositescouldbeusedincomponentssuchasbrakepads,enginecomponents,andbearings.Intheautomotiveindustry,theycouldbeemployedinbrakepads,clutchplates,andtransmissioncomponents.Intheelectronicsindustry,theycouldbeusefulinheatsinksandelectronicpackaging.

Ultimately,moreresearchisstillnecessaryforthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositestoreachtheirfullpotentialinindustry.However,thepromisingresultsfromcurrentstudiessuggestthatthesecompositescouldoffermanyadvantagesoverexistingmaterials,includinghighstrength,stiffness,andwearresistance,aswellasenhancedthermalandelectricalproperties.Assuch,theyarelikelytobecomeanincreasinglypopularchoiceforhigh-performanceapplicationsinthefuture.Inadditiontotheirpotentialapplicationsinaerospace,automotive,andelectronicsindustries,carbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesalsohavepotentialinotherfields.Forexample,theycouldbeusedintheconstructionindustryasdurableandhigh-strengthbuildingmaterials.Theycouldalsobeusedin