軟件工程復(fù)習(xí)英文

軟件工程復(fù)習(xí)英文Lecture1AnIntroductiontoSoftwareEngineeringoncernSoftwareengineeringisconcernedwiththeoriesmethodsandtoolsforprofessionalsoftwaredevelopment.2)Softwareengineeringisconcernedwithcost-effectivesoftwaredevelopment.2are①computerprogramsdatastructuressoftwareproductsGenericsoftware(通用軟件)andcustomsoftware(定制軟件)mentsofasuccessfulsoftwareprojectaretivitiesinallsoftwareprocessesareSpecification(描述),Development(開發(fā)),Validation(有效性驗(yàn)證),Evolution (進(jìn)化)6Theattributesofgoodsoftwareinclude:Maintainability(可維護(hù)性),Dependability(可依賴性),Efficiency(有效性),Acceptability(可接受性)Lecture2SoftwareProcessesctrepresentationofasoftwareprocessItpresentsadescriptionofaprocessfromsomeparticularperspective.2DrawthegraphicpresentationofWaterfallmodelanddescribeitsr1)這種模型把軟件過程劃分成幾個順序的階段。階段間具有依賴性，前一個階段結(jié)2)這種模型很難對用戶變更做出調(diào)整，只適用于需求非常清楚和需求變更被嚴(yán)格限制3Describethebasicprincipleofevolutionarydevelopmentanditssentationofincrementaldeliveryanddescribe在這種開發(fā)方式中，系統(tǒng)不是作為一個整體交付，而是被分解成若干個增量，每個增量交付系統(tǒng)的部分功能。用戶的需求按優(yōu)先級排隊(duì)，優(yōu)先級最高的需求被放入最早交付的增量中。這樣，優(yōu)先級最高的系統(tǒng)功能就得到最多的測試，系統(tǒng)的可靠性較高。 照模型去理解)ratherthanasasequenceofactivitieswithbacktracking.2)Eachloopinthespiralrepresentsaphaseintheprocess.3)Nofixedphasessuchasspecificationordesign-loopsinthespiralarechosendependingonwhatisrequired.Risksareexplicitlyassessedandresolvedthroughouttheprocess.1Drawthegraphicpresentationofrequirementengineeringprocess.2Describethedifferenceoffunctionalrequirements,non-functionalrequirementsessstandardsetcystemrequirements)Indirectviewpointssshoulddescribefunctionalandnonfunctionalrequirementsinsuchawaythattheyareunderstandablebysystemuserswhodon’thavedetailedtechnicalknowledge.mentsaredefinedusingnaturallanguagetablesanddiagramsasthesecanbeunderstoodbyallusers.Systemrequirementsaremoredetailedspecificationsofsystemfunctions,servicesandconstraintsthanuserrequirements.Theyareintendedtobeabasisfordesigningthesystem.Theymaybeincorporatedintothesystemcontract.SystemrequirementsmaybedefinedorillustratedusingsystemmodelsDescribetheprocessactivitiesofrequirementselicitation.s1)Requirementsdiscovery(需求發(fā)現(xiàn))irementsDomainrequirementsarealsodiscoveredatthisstage.rganizationGroupsrelatedrequirementsandorganisesthemintocoherentclusters.3)Prioritisationandnegotiation(優(yōu)先排序和沖突解決)requirementsandresolvingrequirementsconflictsRequirementsaredocumentedandinputintothenextroundofthespiral.andwhatarethetypesofviewpointsrementstorepresenttheperspectivesofoldersmaybeclassifiedunderdifferentviewpointsPeopleorothersystemsthatinteractdirectlywiththesystem.InanATM,thecustomer’sandtheaccountdatabaseareinteractorVPs.derswhodonotusethesystemthemselvesbutwhoinfluencethenanATMmanagementandsecuritystaffareindirectviewpoints)DomainviewpointsDomaincharacteristicsandconstraintsthatinfluencetherequirements.InanATM,anexamplewouldbestandardsforinter-bankcommunications.5WritedownatleastfourprinciplesofdelaminatedDFD.④在數(shù)據(jù)流圖中，需按層給加工框編號。編號表明該加工處在哪一層，以及上下層的⑤規(guī)定任何一個數(shù)據(jù)流子圖必須與它上一層的一個加工對應(yīng)，兩者的輸入數(shù)據(jù)流和輸和數(shù)據(jù)文件的名字應(yīng)當(dāng)是“名詞”或“名詞性6Accordingtothedecisiontable,drawthedecisiontree.ataretheattributesofagoodSRSSystemRequirementstion1DescribethetwoscaleparameterofIndependencyandexplainwhyweneedfineindependency.模塊獨(dú)立性可用兩個定量準(zhǔn)則來度量：耦合(coupling)和內(nèi)聚(cohesion)。結(jié)構(gòu)中各個模塊之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)程度的一種度量。內(nèi)聚性是信息隱藏內(nèi)聚性越強(qiáng)，耦合性越弱，獨(dú)立性越強(qiáng)。獨(dú)立性好的模塊對其它的模塊依賴性小，修改時對其它模塊的影響小，易于修改和nesubsystemsmakingupasystemandtobuildtheframeworkstemcontrolandcommunication3Describethebasiccharacterofrepositorymodel.traldatabaseorrepositoryandmaybeaccessedbyallsub-systems4DescribethebasiccomposingofClient-servermodel.Setofstand-aloneserverswhichprovidespecificservicessuchasprinting,datamanagement,etc.Setofclientswhichcallontheseservices.Networkwhichallowsclientstoaccessservers.5DescribethecharactersofAbstractmachine(layered)model1)Thissetofservicesofcontrolmodel.lityforcontrolandrtsandstopsothersubsystemstypesofsoftwarereuse.ApplicationsystemreuseThewholeofanapplicationsystemmaybereusedeitherbyincorporatingitwithoutchangeintoothersystems(COTSreuse)orbydevelopingapplicationfamilies.ComponentreuseComponentsofanapplicationfromsub-systemstosingleobjectsmaybereused.ObjectandfunctionreuseSoftwarecomponentsthatimplementasinglewell-definedobjectorfunctionmaybereused.hatisframeworkclassesandtheinterfacesbetweenthemDrawanddescribethegraphicamework三個基本組件：控制器、模型和視圖1)控制器：代表應(yīng)用程序的邏輯部分，它定義了一個用戶如何和程序進(jìn)行交互并且定義了用戶行為是如何映射到模型；2)模型：負(fù)責(zé)對數(shù)據(jù)模型和所有用來確定應(yīng)用程序狀態(tài)的信息進(jìn)行管理；3)視圖：從不同的角度對存儲在模型中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行展示。Drawthegraphicpresentationofuserinterfacedesignprocess.12Errormessagesshouldbepolite,concise,consistentandconstructive.Lecture5Object-orientedAnalysisandDesign1Comparedwithtraditionalstructuraldevelopingmethods，whatareadvantagesofentedmethods求變化影響限制在對象內(nèi)裝性和消息傳遞造成低耦合，錯誤定位和修改容易；繼承與多態(tài)使得功DescribetheultimatelypurposeofUMLUML種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使得系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造者能夠用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、易于理解的方式建立能表達(dá)出他們想象力的系統(tǒng)藍(lán)圖，并使客戶、分析員、設(shè)計(jì)人員、程序員和系統(tǒng)其它涉及者能夠相互理解和達(dá)成一Lecture6SoftwareImplementationandValidation1Eachprogramcomponentinvolvesatleastthreemajoraspects:controlstructures,algorithms,anddatastructures.2Describethedifferencebetweenverificationandvalidation.conformtoitsspecificationValidationThesoftwareshoulddowhattheuserreallyrequires3ThetwomethodsinV&Vprocessare:ncernedwithanalysisofthestaticsystemrepresentationtostaticverificationSoftwaretestingisconcernedwithexercisinghaviourThesystemisexecutedwithtestdataanditsperationalbehaviourisobserveddynamicverificationDrawthegraphicnofsoftwaretestingprocess 5Thetwophasesofsystemtestingareintegrationtestingand 6Inintegrationtesting,tosimplifyerrorlocalisation,systems shouldbe增量集成.7Describethebasecomposingoftestcaseand thebaseprincipleofequivalencepartitiontesting.數(shù)據(jù)，8Describethedifferencebetweenblack-boxtestingandwhite-boxtesting.黑盒測試又叫做功能測試，測試者只關(guān)心系統(tǒng)的功能而不關(guān)心軟件的實(shí)現(xiàn)。也就是說測試者不必了解有關(guān)系統(tǒng)的任何細(xì)節(jié)，只把系統(tǒng)看成是一個能夠處理輸入，產(chǎn)生輸出。。把被測試組件看成是一個打開的“白盒子”，組件的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)對測試者是透明9Describethebasicprincipleofbasispathtestingandcalculatethemberofbasispathsinthefi