中考英語易混詞組、短語辨析

2014年中考英語易混詞組、短語辨 abit/aⅠ．二者作程度副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或時(shí)，意義相同，為“一點(diǎn)兒”“有些”。①Iamabitalittlehungry.②Hewalkedabit/alittleslowly.他走路有點(diǎn)慢。Ⅱ．二者都可以作名詞詞組，充當(dāng)主語或賓語。如Alittlebitisenoughforme.②Iknowonlyalittle/abitabouther.我對況只了解一點(diǎn)。Ⅲ。alittle可直接修飾名詞；abitof才可以。如：①.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.=Thereisabitofwaterinthe[注意alittleof后的名詞通常特指，表“……中的一些”①M(fèi)ayIhavealittleofyourⅣnotalittleveryquite,很”“非常”；作定語和賓語時(shí)，相當(dāng)much,“許多”notabitnotatall,意為“一點(diǎn)也不”，作賓語時(shí)notmuch.Eg:①Heisnotalittle(=very)hungry.②Heisnotabit(=notatall)hungry.③Sheatenotalittle(=much).ⅤNotabitnot可以分開使用；notalittlenot則不能分開。①Hefeltnotabittired.Hedidn’tfeelabittired.②Hefeltnotalittletired.他覺得非常累。但不能說：Hedidn’tfellalittle afew/few/alittle/Ⅰafewfew修飾可數(shù)名詞，alittlelittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞；afewalittle表示肯定意義，fewlittleonly修飾。如：①Fewpeoplewillagreetothenbecauseit’stoo②Thistextiseasytounderstandthoughthereareafewnewwordsin③Thereislittlewaterleftinglass.Willyoupleasegiveme④Don’tworry,wehavealittletime agreewith/agreeon/agreeagreewith(sb.)表示“與……意見一致”。Idon’tagreewithyou.我不同意你的意見。agreeto(sth.)賓語一般為suggestion、n等,“同意計(jì)劃、安排”Weallagreedtoyourn.我們同意你的計(jì)劃agreeon表示“雙方就...達(dá)成一致協(xié)議”andtheU.S.A.agreedontheceandtimeforthenextmeeting. attimes/atalltimes/alltheattimes不時(shí)；偶爾”①Thetideisattimes,veryhigh.②Imakemistakesat whenIspeakEnglish.atalltimes.“隨時(shí)；任何時(shí)候；總是”Hehasacoolheadatalltimes.allthetime一直；始終”timeThebabycriesallthetime. another/theother/other/others/theanother指不定數(shù)目中的“（三個以上Idon’tthinkthecoatisgoodenough.Canyoushowmeother泛指“另外的” ,maths,Englishandotherothers泛指“另外的人或物”Somelikeswimming, liketheother指兩個中的“另一個”Hehastwosons,oneisinShanghai,theotherisintheothers特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余全部的人或物”Therearethirtybooksonthebookshelf.Fivearemine,theothersaremy atlast/finally/intheatlast“最后”表經(jīng)過一定曲折之后某事才發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的結(jié)果帶有較強(qiáng)的感彩。Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimat①Finallyhewenttoseethefamousmanintheend表事物發(fā)展的自然順序的“終結(jié)”，finally相互替換。但用于將來intheend如：①Ihopethateverythingwillturnoutallrightinthe atschool/inschool/ina(the)atschool表示“在學(xué)校、在上學(xué)”①M(fèi)ysonisatschoolnowHeisnotathomeorsomewhereelse.我兒子現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校，他不在②Whenmybrotherwasatschool,hestudiedveryhard.inschool在求學(xué)、在上學(xué)”MydaughterstillinschoolShedoesn’twork.]①因此，inschool.和atschool的著重點(diǎn)不一樣，通常不互換使用。Inatheschool在學(xué)校”，inhospital生病住院ina/thehospital表“在醫(yī)院”（工作或探視等attable在吃飯atathetable在桌邊”(有可能在聊天或看報(bào)Isyourfriendinschool?①Yourfriendlookedforyouintheschooljustnow.②Childrenareofteninhospitalwhentheyareyoung.③Sheisagooddoctorinthehospital atthetopof/onthetopatthetopof“在……頂點(diǎn)上、在……上”。At表示點(diǎn)，在句子中用作狀語，反義短語常為atthebottomof“在……底部”；on(the)topofon表示部位上的接觸，意思是“在……之上、在……上面”。反義短語常為atthefootof“在……腳”。如：①Heshoutedatthetopofhisvoice.②Heisatthetopoftheclass.Willyoupleaseputthisboxon(the)topofthebooks. attheendof,bytheendof,totheend,inthebytheendof僅表示時(shí)間，指“在……前”、“到……為止”；attheendof指過去或?qū)頃r(shí)是行為，常與完成時(shí)連用。如：Wehadaclassmeetingattheendoflastweek.上周末我們開了一個班會。/Bytheendofthistermwehaslearnedsixteenunits.到這個學(xué)期為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)16個單元.totheend常與運(yùn)動性或持續(xù)性動詞連用，表示“到（某一）終點(diǎn)為止”，指地點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間。如:Weshouldgoonwiththeworktotheend.我們應(yīng)把工作進(jìn)行到底。/Followthisroadtotheendandyouwillseeapostoffice.走到這條路的盡頭，你會看到一家郵局。intheend后不接任何單詞，表示“最后、終于“atlast,finally.如：Theywonthegameintheend.我們最終贏得了比賽。 bytheway/ontheway/inthebytheway常用作狀語，意為“順便問一下”,“順便說一下”ontheway“在……的”，后接名詞時(shí)需加介詞home、here、theretointheway擋路、妨礙”例]Yourcarisintheway.Heboughtapenonhis/thewaytoschool.他在上學(xué)的買了一枝鋼筆Bythewayhowoldareyou? beafraidofsborsth/beafraidof ngsth/beafraidtodosth/beafraid+thatclausebeafraidofsborsth.“害怕或某事”①Themanisafraidofnothing.②Jennyisafraidofherfather,forheisverystrictwithher.害怕她父親，因?yàn)樗麑λ猙eafraid ngsth害怕、擔(dān)心某事（自己也無法左右的突發(fā)事情）發(fā)生”Iamafraidoffallingintotheswimmingpool.beafraidtodosth害怕、不敢做某事”①Thebatwasafraidtoleavehishome.②Iamafraidtogooutatnight.beafraid+thatclause恐怕”表帶歉意的回絕或告知不好的消息。thatIamafraidthat)Ican’tdothat 在日常用語中，Iamafraid常表示歉意或客氣，沒有恐意。往往相當(dāng)于Iamsorry①IamafraidIdon’tagreewith ②Iamafraidthat)youarewrong.口語中，Iamafraidsonot,①---HashegonetoGuangzhou?---I’mafraid②---Areweontime?我們了嗎---I’mafraidnot.可能沒 beangry/getbe/getangry“生的氣”后面的介詞要用with;“因某事而生氣”后面的介詞要用at;begetangryseehear其不定式同樣表生氣的原因。如：①M(fèi)issLiuwas/gotangrywithLibecausehewaslateforschooltoday.生李平的②Shewasgotangrywithmy ③Whatareyouangryabout?④MyfatherwasangryatwhatIsaid.getangry強(qiáng)調(diào)變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)由不生氣變?yōu)樯鷼膺@一過程；beangry強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，表明正在Hismothergotangrywithhimwhenhetoldherwhathehaddoneatschool.當(dāng)他母親，他[聯(lián)想]：類似的有be/ einterestedin.“對……有”be/getmarried.“結(jié)婚”havecatchacold“感冒be/fallill“生病 be/fallasleep“入睡、睡著 beangerwith/beangryabout/beangrybeangrywith后只能跟表“人”的名詞或代詞，意思是“生的氣”，for。Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycominglate.beangryat=beangryabout意思是“因某事而”。at或about后只能接表“事物”的名詞。如：Heisangrywith/aboutsmallthings.Hewasangryabout/atmissingthefilm.他為錯過那場而生氣 befamiliarto,befamiliarbefamiliarto某物對來說是熟悉的，befamiliarwith熟悉某Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththe begoodat/dowellbegoodat/in意思接近于dowellin.“在（某方面）出色；擅長……”。begoodat/indowellin可表示一種情況，也可指在具體的一次活動中表現(xiàn)出色。begoodat的反義詞組為：bepoor(weak)at(in).dowellin的反義詞組為：dobadlyin.如：①M(fèi)aryisgoodat/inmaths.=Marydoeswellinmaths.數(shù)學(xué)很好（指情況。=數(shù)②Tomdidwellin(不宜用begoodat.指具體一次)thatEnglishtest/sportsmeeting.在那③WuDongdoesbadlyinhislessons.=WuDongisweak/poor/at/inhislessons.功課不④MeiYingdidbadlyinthehigh 在跳高比賽中成績不好（⑤MeiYingisweak/poorin/athigh dowelldobadlybegood/weak/poor一定要借助于inat,強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一個方面，才能表達(dá)一個完整的意思。如：Hedoeswellbadlyatschool.他在學(xué)校里功課很好/ bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto,bemadebemadeof表示某一物品被制成以后可以看出原料bemadefrombemadeoutof……canmakeglassintobottles./Glasscanbemadeintobottles.玻璃可制成瓶子。bemadein后接地點(diǎn)，表示是有某地制造（）的 bepleasedwith/at/bepleasedwith對……人/物，感到滿意”with后接①BothMarkandhermotherwerepleasedwiththegirl.和媽都有喜歡這個②Iwasn’tverypleasedwithatmyexam bepleasedat對……某事/物，感到滿意”。atHewasverypleasedatthenews.bepleasedto“樂意……；因……而高興”。to不是介詞，而是小品詞。后接動詞①Ishallbepleasedtogo.②Wearequitepleasedtobeworkinginthiscountry. besure/makebesure指對某事或?qū)δ撤N情況有把握，常譯為：“確信”；makesure指“務(wù)必、務(wù)①Iamsurethatheishonest.②Ihavemadesurethatheishonest.ofabout①Iamsure successIamsurethatIwillsucceed.②Willyoumakesureofhisreturn?Willyoumakesurethathereturned?請你查明他是否真makesurethatbesurethat①M(fèi)akesurethatyoucomeherebefore 5②Iamsurethathewillcome.兩者后面接不定式，均表示“一定要做某事”，但make sure通常只用于祈使句；而besure則不受限制。如：①M(fèi)akesuretocometopartyontime.一定要準(zhǔn)時(shí)來參加Be ②Heissuretocallyouup.他準(zhǔn)會給你 的 besurprised/inbesurprised為“動詞+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作謂語，意為：“感到吃驚besurprised表“對……感到吃驚insurprise為“介詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。在句中作狀語。意為：“吃驚地”①Shewassurprised.②Everybodywassurprisedatyou.③Johnturnedroundandlookedathiminsurprise.轉(zhuǎn)過身去，吃驚地看著他 beusedfor/beusedas/beusedbeusedforfor表用途，即“用來作……”Apenisusedforwriting.beusedas在這個短語中，介詞as表或工具，即“……被用作……”Englishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedbyby后接使用的執(zhí)行者，“為……所使用”Englishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeoplealloverthe beforelong/longbeforelong.不久”，“不久以后longbefore很早以前”，“好久以前”①Ihopetoseeyouagainbefore ②Wefinishedourworklongbefore. catchacold/havea一般情況下，這兩個短語都表示“得了感冒，患了感冒”catchacoldIt’scoldoutside.Gointothehouseoryou’llcatchahaveacoldIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridof forshort/shortforshort意為“縮寫、簡稱、簡言之”Theteachertoldustowritethetextforshort.shortfor“是……的縮寫”，一般作表語。如：“You’d”isshortfor“Youwould”or“Youhad”. forgettodo/forgetⅠ.forgettodosth表示“忘記去做某事（指事未做 如 ①Iforgot lhimaboutit.我忘了把事②I linghimaboutit.[注意]：類似的還有①try

ngsth."試著做某事，嘗試強(qiáng)調(diào)用某種 如Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor..Wewilltrytogohometomorrow.得 得

②remember

"

regretngsth/todosth與此亦同③goon

todosth.“接著做（另一件）某事④need

wantngsth/todosth.與此相同 giveamessage/leaveamessage/takeaLeaveamessage.“留下個信兒”打 的人常用后與介詞for搭配構(gòu)成leaveamessageforsb.takeamessage“捎個信兒”接 的人常用.后與介詞for搭配。構(gòu)成：takeamessageforgiveamessage“給個信兒”后與to搭配，構(gòu)成giveamessagetosbgivesbamessage.①CanItakeamessageforhim?②Canyouleaveamessageforher?③Iwillgiveamessagetoher. gotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/begotobed表動作，指“去睡覺”gotosleep也表動作，指進(jìn)入“睡著”fallasleep表動作，意為“剛剛?cè)胨保浮皠偹眀easleep表狀態(tài)，意為“睡著的”Hefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthe他剛睡著，這時(shí)有聲敲門Thebabyhasbeenasleepforanhour.這孩子睡著一個小時(shí)了。Hefounditdifficulttogotosleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。 howoften/howsoon/howlong/how①howlong意為“多長/久時(shí)間”，是對句子---Howlongwillhebeaway?---Hewillbeawayfortwodays.---Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?---Forabouttenyears.10注意：howlong②howsoon意為"某事多快能發(fā)生或完成",in…---Howsoonwillthebuildingbefinished?---Inamonth.③howoften意為"多長時(shí)間一次,每隔多久",often,usually,everyday,sometimes,never,onceaweek等表示頻率的副詞提問,---Howoftendoyougotoseea---Onceaweek.---你多長時(shí)間看1次？---1周1次④howfar是對距離的提問，意為“長達(dá)……千米/米”-HowfarisitfromheretotheItistwokilometers.-- hear/hearof/hearhear為及物動詞，“聽到”Icanhearyouclearly.hearof=hearabout為不及物動詞,指間接地“聽別人說起……”，如IhaveheardofthewriterbutIhaveneverseenhearfromsb.指“收到……來信”HaveyouheardfromJim?你收到的來信了嗎 hear ngsth./hearsb.dohear ngsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中為-ingIhearhimtalkingnextdoor.我聽到他正在隔壁房間hearsb.dosth.dosth.為賓語補(bǔ)足語，指動作已發(fā)生，完成了，Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.大多數(shù)的感官動作（see、watch、notice等）但意義是不相同的。要注意加以區(qū)別。 inall/atall/ofall/after這些含有all的短語的意義與all的本意無關(guān)，極易inall“總計(jì)、總共”Thereare60studentsinourclassinall.60atall“全然，根本不”，一般用于否定句中加強(qiáng)語氣。Shedoesn’tlikefootballatall.她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。afterall畢竟、終究、到底”，一般置于句首或句尾作狀語。Afterall,heisachild.畢竟,他還是個孩子。Theyfinishedtheworkafterall. inthefuture/in這兩個詞組都有“在將來”的意思，但含義上有區(qū)infurture①Youmustbemorecarefulinfurture.你今后必須更加②Hepromisedtogivememorehelpinfurture.他答應(yīng)今后給我的幫助inthefurture①Whocanlwhatwillhappeninthefurture?誰能說準(zhǔn)將來會發(fā)生什么②Inthefurturetravelagenciesmaybeorganizingtripstothemoon.將來，旅行社可能會組[注]inthefurturefurture前加形容詞時(shí)，不要去掉theinthenear/far/distant join/joinin/takepartjoin①M(fèi)yunclejoinedthePartyin②WearegoingforaswimWillyoucomeandjoinus.joinin表“加入、參與”某種活動，后接名詞或動詞的ing形式，表“參加的活動”可以說：joinsb.in(ng)sth.如：①Hejoinedtheminthework.②Willyoujoinusinyingbasketball?你跟我們一起打籃球好嗎t(yī)akepartin指“參加”會議、考試、競賽或群眾性活動，重在說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活①Theteachertookpartinourdiscussionyesterday.②Whenwillyoutakepartinthemeeting? [注意]：joinin后面可以不跟賓語。而takepartin后面必須跟賓語。如：Letme joinin. ngsth./keep ng在這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中，keepsb. ngsth.意為“不斷/反復(fù)/堅(jiān)持做某事”Hekeptaskingustorememberteamwork.他不斷地叫我們記住合作。 ngsth.=keepon ngsth.keep ngsth.意為“讓做某事”，keep在這里 ng的動作不是主語來完成,而是由賓語sb.來完成的.例如：Ikeepthemwaitingatthegate.我讓他們在大門口等候。 look/lookfor/find/findout/looklook看”①Look,theyareyingonthelookfor尋找”指有目的地找。強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”①Whatareyoulookingfor?find找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”指經(jīng)過一番努力后“找到”丟失的人或東西。強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”①Ican’tfindmypen.②Thepoorgrannyislookingforherlittleson.Ihopeshecanfindhim. 這個可憐的老在找小兒子，我希望她能找到他。findout“找出查明”用著及物動詞短語常表達(dá)找出答案弄明查明情況等意思。①Pleasefindoutwhenthetrain lookup向上看；查字典”①Shelookedupandshesawmanybirdsinthe②Youmustlookupthenewwordswhenyoudon’tknowhowtopronounce muchtoo/toomuchtoo太、非常 It’smuchtoocoldtoday. Theoldmanwalkedmuchtooslowly.toomuch太多” Yougavemetoomuch. Idon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice.我不喜歡冬天，因?yàn)檠┖捅?Don’tspeaktoomuch.不可以修飾 pointto/pointpointto與pointat都有用手指著或某物的意思。但后者還可表“對準(zhǔn)；瞄準(zhǔn)”之意。①Shepointedtoaboyandsaidthathewasher②HepointedhisgunattheenemyandshoutedHandsup”他把口對準(zhǔn)敵人，大聲喊：“舉起 puton/wear/bedressedin/dressputon表動作，“穿上、戴上”wear表狀態(tài)，“穿戴著bedressedindressup有“盛裝、喬裝、打扮”之意，表動作。dressTheboywearsanewcoattoday.這男孩今天穿著一件新大衣。It’scoldoutside.Putonmoreclothes.Thegirlisdressedinaredcoattoday.小今天穿著一件紅外衣Shehasdressedupinaredskirtforthe rightaway/rightnow/atonce/justrightawayatonceI’llreturnthebookrightaway.rightnowThedoctorisbusyrightnow.I’llgiveyouoneortwoinstancesjustnow.我正要給你舉一兩個例子。justnow用于過去時(shí)的句子里時(shí)，表示“剛才”。如：Hecamebackjustnow. sosothat“以便”、“為了”Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.他起得早為了趕第一班車。sothatcan/may等。so…that“如此……以至……”，that后常跟結(jié)果狀語從句。例如：Heissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfurther.他非常疲勞，走不動了。Thefilmissointerestingthathewantstoseeitagain. trytodo/ trytodo和tryng兩者意義不同，區(qū)別在于trytodosth.“努力去做，盡力做”=tryone’sbesttodo…Hetriedtoclimbthetree.他試著努力爬那棵樹。(2)tryngsth.指“嘗試做……看看，有何結(jié)果”，暗示在這之前已試過Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingtheback thanksfor/thanksthanksforthankyoufor為……謝”①Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.②Thankyouforyourdictionary.thanksto多虧了……”；“由于……的