五顏六色珊瑚礁(Colorfulcoralreefs)

五彩繽紛的珊瑚礁(Colorfulcoralreefs)五彩繽紛的珊瑚礁(Colorfulcoralreefs)五彩繽紛的珊瑚礁(Colorfulcoralreefs)gazeatthevividyellows,blues,andpsychedelicswirlsofasingleemperorangelfishandyou'llsensethewhimsyofevolution.goontoexploreitshomeinlushcoralreefsandyou'llsoonhitsensoryoverload,assaultedbycolorsandpatternsthatrangefromsublimetogarish.coralreefsareunquestionablytheworld'smostcolorfulplaces.butwhy?瞧瞧那皇帝仙人魚(emperorangelfish)身上嬌艷的黃與藍，還有迷幻般的旋渦，你就能感覺到生物進化的千姿百態(tài)了。持續(xù)走進它所棲息的茂盛的珊瑚礁，你會立刻感覺感官高出負荷：由隆重到花俏的各式各種色彩與圖案從四周圍攻而來。珊瑚礁無疑是世上色彩最豐富的地方，但為何會這樣?forreasonsknownonlytonature,colorexplodesacrosscoralreefs,makingthemearth'smostvividlandscapes.hereintheshallowsofafijianreef,brilliantsoftcoralswaveinreds,pinks,andyellowsasschoolsoffairybassletsflashorangeandviolethues.thebasslets'differentcolorsaidinspeciesidentification,materecognition,andevencamouflageas1individualsmassagainstthekaleidoscopeofthereef.whathumansseelightedbyaphotographer'sbrightstrobemaylookaltogetherdifferentinnaturallightthroughtheeyesofreefcreatures.scientistsarenowbeginningtolearnhowwavelengthsoflight(andthereforecolor)changethroughwateratdifferentdistances,andmoreimportanthowfishseecolorsandwhatmessagestheymightcommunicate.出于只有大自然才理解的原因，色彩在珊瑚礁各處蓬發(fā)，讓它們成為地球上最明麗的景觀。此處是斐濟一處珊瑚礁的淺灘，明麗的軟珊瑚飛舞在紅色、粉紅色與黃色之中，而成群的擬花鮨(fairybasslet)則閃爍著橘色和紫色的光芒。擬花鮨不一樣的顏色，有助于種群分辨和配偶辨別。甚至當它們齊集在萬花筒般的珊瑚礁旁時，還可以作為的保護色。人類透過拍照師的閃光燈所見到的，可能跟珊瑚礁生物的眼睛透過自然光所見完整不一樣。科學家此刻開始認識，光的波長(也就是顏色)在穿透水中時，在不一樣距離怎樣改變，而──更重要的是──魚類怎樣看到色彩，而它們又可能交流些什么樣的訊息。boldhorizontalbandsofblack,white,andyellowpopoutonawell-lightedsweetlips(plectorhinchuspolytaenia)inindonesia.thepatternandcolorsactuallyhelpdistortthefish'soutlinewhenseeninnaturallightatadistancethroughwater,helpingtheanimaldisappearfromtheviewofpotentialpredators.nearby,aneoncleanerwrassealsowearsstark2stripes.theselittlefisheatparasitesoffthefleshandmouthsofotherfish.thewrasse'sstripesmaysignalthatitisausefulhelperratherthanareadymeal.neonwrassesvaryincolorationgeographically.ayellowcastnearthehead(asshownhere)indicatesanindonesianspecies;infijimanyneonwrasseshaveayellowblazenearthetail.在印度尼西亞，這條被照亮的多紋石鱸(plectorhinchuspolytaenia)身上勇敢的黑、白、黃相間水平條紋蹦現了出來。其實，假如在自然光下、于水中一段距離外，這類圖案和色彩有助于歪曲魚的輪廓，讓它在潛伏掠食者的視野中消逝。旁邊，一只裂唇魚(neoncleanerwrasse)也是實足的條紋。這類小魚以其余魚類身上、口內的寄生蟲為食。它身上的條紋可能示意它是實用的幫手，而非一頓餐點。隨處點不一樣，裂唇魚的色彩也會改變。湊近頭部有一抹黃色的(如圖)表示是印度尼西亞種類;在斐濟，很多裂唇魚在湊近尾巴的地方有黃色條紋。thepacificbluetang(paracanthurushepatus)alsoknownastheartist'spallettesurgeonfishduetotheshapeofthedarkpatchonitsbodywasimmortalizedbythecharacterdoryinthefilmfindingnemo.unlikethatbenignlydaftcreature,thisreal-lifesurgeonfishinindonesiacarriesasharpretractablebladeofbonenearthebaseofitstail.thetail'syellowblazegivespotentialfoesfairwarning:armedanddangerous.3因為身上有深色斑塊，因此擬刺尾鯛(paracanthurushepatus)別名為畫家調色盤醫(yī)生魚，靠著電影《海底總動員》中的多莉一角而名垂不朽。跟那只瘋瘋狂癲的和藹生物不一樣，印度尼西亞的這只正牌醫(yī)生魚在尾巴鄰近有一片能伸縮的尖利骨片。尾巴上的黃色斑塊賜予潛伏仇敵清楚的警示：有武裝，很危險!aleafscorpionfish(taenianotustriacanthus)scoutsforerrantfairybassletsinfijianwaters.thisambushpredatorcanchangeitscolortoblendwithitssurroundings.itthenliesstill,waitingforpreytopassby.wesawthisfishpounceacoupleoftimes,saysphotographertimlaman.hismouthshotoutandbackinafractionofasecond.在斐濟的海中，一只三棘帶鲉(taenianotustriacanthus)窺探著一群誤入禁地的線鮨。三棘帶鲉是種擅長襲擊的捕食動物，能夠改變身體顏色以融入環(huán)境。變色達成后，它就一動不動，等獵物經過。我們見過這只魚的數次突襲，拍照師提姆.雷曼說，它的嘴一開一合僅需一瞬時。acrescent-tailedbigeye(priacanthushamrur)seemstowearitsemotionsonitssleeveoronitswholebody.thissequenceofthreeframesofthesamefishshowshowitcanchangefromlargelysilvertostripedtosolidorange-red,atransformationthatoccursinamatterofseconds.pigmentcellsinitsskin,calledchromatophores,allowittochangecolor,4butscientistsdon'tyetknowwhateachcolorpatternsignifies.sometimesasuddenshiftincolorcanbeusedtostartlepotentialpredatorsorthreatenintruders.redlightdissipatesbeyondabout30feet(10meters),sothereddishhueofthisfishwouldappearblackindeeperwaters,allowingsomedegreeofinvisibilityforthisnocturnalhunter.寶石大眼鯛(priac