考研英語(yǔ)二真題

考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案/考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案2016年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)一致考試英語(yǔ)（二）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence___1__firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities'averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.__7__enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__8__.Butitisreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&DTofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to"lesscodifieddecision-makingprocess"andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.__17__thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege."Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience."However",Cortinasaid,"earlyexposureisbeneficial."Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal."Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,"Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but"wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin,"saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe"RubyonRails"languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket."Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,"saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto____.[A]completefuturejobtrainingremodelthewayofthinkingformulatelogicalhypothesesperfectartworkproductionIndeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.[A]experience[B]academicbackgrounds[C]careerprospects[D]interestDeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguageshavetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeneedimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoneyAccordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.[A]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld2[D]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesTheword"coax"(Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto____.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]MisguideText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,"saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas"endangered,"astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe"threatened"taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;enviornmentalistsdoesn'tgofarenough."Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,"saysbiologistJayLininger.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____.[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The"threatened"tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____.[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____.[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperationsAccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesliesin_____.[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowners[D]thestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_____.[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric3environmentalgroupstheplanunderchallengeThateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisaclichThere'sneveranytimetoread.

Text3.éButonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes".Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn'twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinningorelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,"isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication?Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption".Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,"becomingmoreefficient"ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximizedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally;judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou'llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind."Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,"writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and"wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem".Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.SowhatdoesworkPerhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus"stepoutsidetime'sflow"into"soultime".Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread",butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause_____.[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteedThe"emptybottles"metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto_____.[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereadingEberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps_____.[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canworkif_____.readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessofthedayallthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwithyouareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreadingtimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusinessThebesttitleforthistextcouldbe_____.[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReadingHowtoFindTimetoReadHowtoSetReadingGoalsHowtoReadExtensively4Text4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife"faceatoughergood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid."Ican'taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,"Schneidersaid,"Idon'tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore."Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis_____.[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusinessItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto____.[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehomeTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.becomeincreasinglyclearfocusonmaterialisticissuesdependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat____.good-payingjobsarelessavailabletheoldmademorelifeachievementshousingloanstodayareeasytoobtaingettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneiderHefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.Hisparents'goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gfor5eachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)BesillyHavefunExpressyouremotionsDon'toverthinkitBeeasilypleasedNoticethingsAskforhelpAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanartandforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.41.__________Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssadHecries.Whenhe'sangryHeshouts.ScaredProbablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.that'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen—againlikechildren—move.42.___________AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewell-being.43.__________HaveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaughIfweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffenfection,allofwhich,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels.44.__________Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith—work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone)—itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.45.__________Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwell-being