大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三版1-3課

Unit1SomeStrategiesforLearningEnglishAsweareatthestartofthecourse,thisseemsagoodmomenttooffersomeadviceonhowtomakethetaskoflearningEnglisheasier.LearningEnglishisbynomeanseasy.Ittakesgreatdiligenceandprolongedeffort.Nevertheless,whileyoucannotexpecttogainagoodcommandofEnglishwithoutsustainedhardwork,therearevarioushelpfullearningstrategiesyoucanemploytomakethetaskeasier.Herearesomeofthem.1.Donottreatallnewwordsinexactlythesameway.Haveyouevercomplainedaboutyourmemorybecauseyoufinditsimplyimpossibletomemorizeallthenewwordsyouarelearning?But,infact,itisnotyourmemorythatisatfault.Ifyoucramyourheadwithtoomanynewwordsatatime,someofthemareboundtobecrowdedout.Whatyouneedtodoistodealwithnewwordsindifferentwaysaccordingtohowfrequentlytheyoccurineverydayuse.Whileactivewordsdemandconstantpracticeandusefulwordsmustbecommittedtomemory,wordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituationsrequirejustanoddingacquaintance.Youwillfindconcentratingonactiveandusefulwordsthemosteffectiveroutetoenlargingyourvocabulary.2.Watchoutforidiomaticwaysofsayingthings.Haveyoueverwonderedwhywesay,“IaminterestedinEnglish”,but“IamgoodatFrench”?AndhaveyoueveraskedyourselfwhynativeEnglishspeakerssay,“l(fā)earnthenewsorsecret”,but“l(fā)earnofsomeone’ssuccessorarrival”?Theseareallexamplesofidiomaticusage.InlearningEnglish,youmustpayattentionnotonlytothemeaningofaword,butalsotothewaynativespeakersuseitintheirdailylives.3.ListentoEnglisheveryday.ListeningtoEnglishonaregularbasiswillnotonlyimproveyourear,butwillalsohelpyoubuildyourspeakingskills.Inadditiontolanguagetapesespeciallypreparedforyourcourse,youcanalsolistentoEnglishradiobroadcasts,watchEnglishTV,andseeEnglishmovies.ThefirsttimeyoulistentoatapedconversationorpassageinEnglish,youmaynotbeabletocatchagreatdeal.Trytogetitsgeneralmeaningfirstandlistentoitoverandoveragain.Youwillfindthatwitheachrepetitionyouwillgetsomethingmore.4.Seizeopportunitiestospeak.ItistruethattherearefewsituationsatschoolwhereyouhavetocommunicateinEnglish,butyoucanseekoutopportunitiestopracticespeakingthelanguage.Talkingwithyourclassmates,forexample,canbeaneasyandenjoyablewaytogetsomepractice.Alsotrytofindnativespeakersonyourcampusandfeelfreetotalkwiththem.Perhapstheeasiestwaytopracticespeakingistorehearsealoud,sincethiscanbedoneatanytime,inanyplace,andwithoutapartner.Forinstance,youcanlookatpicturesorobjectsaroundyouandtrytodescribethemindetail.Youcanalsorehearseeverydaysituations.Afteryouhavemadeapurchaseinashoporfinishedamealinarestaurantandpaidthecheck,pretendthatallthishappenedinanEnglish-speakingcountryandtrytoactitoutinEnglish.5.Readwidely.Itisimportanttoreadwidelybecauseinourlearningenvironment,readingisthemainandmostreliablesourceoflanguageinput.Whenyouchoosereadingmaterials,lookforthingsthatyoufindinteresting,thatyoucanunderstandwithoutrelyingtoomuchonadictionary.Apageadayisagoodwaytostart.Asyougoon,youwillfindthatyoucandomorepagesadayandhandlematerialsatahigherlevelofdifficulty.6.Writeregularly.Writingisagoodwaytopracticewhatyoualreadyknow.Apartfromcompositionsassignedbyyourteacher,youmayfindyourownreasonsforwriting.Apenpalprovidesgoodmotivation;youwilllearnalotbytryingtocommunicatewithsomeonewhosharesyourinterests,butcomesfromadifferentculture.Otherwaystowriteregularlyincludekeepingadiary,writingashortstoryandsummarizingthedailynews.Languagelearningisaprocessofaccumulation.Itpaystoabsorbasmuchasyoucanfromreadingand

listeningandthentrytoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopracticethroughspeakingandwriting.NewWords(1)strategyn.--戰(zhàn)略學(xué)，兵法Iadmiredthegeneralwhowasamasterofstrategy.--戰(zhàn)略，策略我敬佩那位精通兵法的將軍。Bycarefulstrategy,shenegotiatedasubstantialpayrise.她精心策劃后，談妥了大幅增加工資的事。Itmustbeastrategytomakemelethimgoonholidayalone.這一定是他用的計(jì)，好叫我讓他獨(dú)自一個(gè)人去度假。(2)command--n.命令，指揮，控制力Thegeneralissuedacommandthatallofthemshouldcomeatsixo’clock.將軍頒布了一道命令，所有的人都要在六點(diǎn)鐘到。HehasagoodcommandofFrench.他精于法語(yǔ)。--v.指揮，控制，命令Thecaptainofashipcommandsalltheofficersandmen.艦長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)率艦上的全體官兵。Thegeneralcommandedhismentoattackthecity.那將軍命令部下攻城。--v.俯瞰Thehillcommandsafineview.從這座山上可以俯瞰到周圍的一片美景。(3)complain--plain(tosb.)about/ofsth.Youhavenoreasontocomplain.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather.Somechildrencomplainthattheirparentsnagatthem.一些孩子抱怨他們父母老是數(shù)落他們。WhyshouldtheMongolflutecomplainnowillowsgrow?羌笛何須怨楊柳？--n.Itriedtogetthroughtothecomplaindepartment.我試圖打通投訴部的電話。(4)commit--犯罪，犯錯(cuò)commitacrime--承認(rèn)Hehascommittedaseriousfault.Buthedidnotcommithimself.但他沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么肯定的話。Herefusedtocommithimselfonthecontroversialsubject.他不愿就這一爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題表態(tài)。--托付，交付Theboywascommittedtothecareofhisaunt.這個(gè)孩子被交給他的姑媽照顧。Youmustcommityourselvestoworkingforpeace.你們必須保證為和平而工作。--commit…tomemory:memorize;learnbyheartCanyoucommittomemoryallthemainpointsofthelecture?Itriedtocommitallthepoemstomemory.(6)assign--分配；交給Theyhaveassignedmeasmallroom.--指派，選派Thecaptainassignedtwosoldierstoguardthegate.--assignmentn.Onallaccountsyoumustfinishtheassignmenttomorrow.無(wú)論如何你必須明天完成作業(yè)。Yournextassignmentistofindthesemissingpersons.(8)watchoutfor密切關(guān)注Thisissomethingwehavetowatchoutfor.這是值得注意的。Wemustwatchoutforsymptomsofanycancer.我們必須警惕任何癌癥的癥狀。--watchoutWatchout!Thereisadogcoming.當(dāng)心Areyouallwatchingout?TheQueenwillcomethiswayinafewminutes.保持警覺(jué)，注意警戒(9)apartfrom:aswellas;inadditiontoYouareallrightsir–apartfromafewbruises.Therearenodutiesapartfromrights,orrightsapartfromduties.沒(méi)有離開權(quán)利的義務(wù)，也沒(méi)有離開義務(wù)的權(quán)利。--inadditiontoInadditiontoalloftheabove,shewonaPulitzerprizein1980.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondforeignlanguage.

(10)feelfreeIfeelsofreewithoutthosetightclothes.Treatthishouseasyourown,feelfree.(11)seekout:lookforandfindWeacceptdiversityofculture,weseekoutnewideasandnewpractices.我們?nèi)菁{不同的文化，我們尋求創(chuàng)新的意念和處事方式。(12)actout--showhow(sth.)happened,asifperformingaplay演出，表演Actoutastory.連說(shuō)帶比劃地講故事。Don’ttakeherseriously,she’sjustactingout.別對(duì)她的行為信以為真，她只是在表演。--實(shí)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)Theyactuallyactedouttheirideal.他們確實(shí)把自己的理想變成了行動(dòng)。Pleaseactoutyourdreamsimmediately.(13)put…intopractice:starttouse(andseeifitiseffective)把……付諸實(shí)踐Asthingsare,wecannotputtheplanintopractice.就目前情況看來(lái)，我們還不能將此計(jì)劃付諸現(xiàn)實(shí)。Oncesigned,acontractshouldbeputintopracticebylaw.合同一經(jīng)簽署，就應(yīng)依照法律實(shí)施。UsefulExpressions戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃長(zhǎng)期努力可持續(xù)發(fā)展倉(cāng)促用功備考綿綿不斷的雨犯罪strategicplan通訊工具/手段meansofcommunicationagoodcommandofEnglishaletterofcomplaintboundbookprolongedeffort精通英語(yǔ)sustainabledevelopmentcramforatestconstantrain投訴信精裝書付之一炬committoflamescommitamistake/anerrorair/searoutecommitacrime犯錯(cuò)誤略懂，略知擴(kuò)大會(huì)議havesomeacquaintancewithenlargedmeeting習(xí)慣用法idiomaticusage附加稅additionaltax校園里oncampus舞伴dancingpartnertell…apart可靠的消息來(lái)源制定一個(gè)日期areliablesourceofinformationassignaday分辨，區(qū)別筆友/網(wǎng)友總而言之資本積累penpal/keypal文化差異insummary/tosumup文字處理culturaldifferencewordprocessingcapitalaccumulation專心于beabsorbedin1.Warm-upquestionsRelatedtopics1)WhatcontributestoeffectiveEnglishlearning?2)Arelearningstrategiesthemostimportant?3)Whatisthegreatestdifficultyyouhave?Haveyouworkedoutanysolution?4)HowcanwepracticespeakingEnglishineverydaysituations?2.GlobalanalysisWhattypeisthetext?A.narration記敘文amovie描述文apicture說(shuō)明文alecture議論文adebateB.descriptionC.expositionD.argumentationWhatpatternisthetextorganizedin?A.problem-solutionB.cause-effect問(wèn)題-解決因果C.general-specificD.time/sequence總-分時(shí)間/順序InspiringQuotations1.Knowledgeadvancesbystepsandnotbyleaps.學(xué)習(xí)只能循序漸進(jìn)，而不能躍進(jìn)。2.Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速則不達(dá)。

3.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟。WordFamilyStrategist,industrious,continuous,momentaryGrasp,master,memorial,stuff,likely,entrustDetailed,output,buddy,motive,summary,AbsorptionAtsixty-fiveFrancisChichestersetouttosailsingle-handedroundtheworld.Thisisthestoryofthatadventure.SailingRoundtheWorldBeforehesailedroundtheworldsingle-handed,FrancisChichesterhadalreadysurprisedhisfriendsseveraltimes.Hehadtriedtoflyroundtheworldbutfailed.Thatwasin1931.Theyearspassed.Hegaveupflyingandbegansailing.Heenjoyeditgreatly.Chichesterwasalready58yearsoldwhenhewonthefirstsolotransatlanticsailingrace.Hisolddreamofgoingroundtheworldcameback,butthistimehewouldsail.Hisfriendsanddoctorsdidnotthinkhecoulddoit,ashehadlungcancer.ButChichesterwasdeterminedtocarryouthisplan.InAugust,1963,attheageofnearlysixty-five,anagewhenmanymenretire,hebeganthegreatestvoyageofhislife.Soon,hewasawayinthisnew16-metreboat,GipsyMoth.Chichesterfollowedtherouteofthegreatnineteenthcenturyclipperships.Buttheclippershadhadplentyofcrew.Chicheaterdiditallbyhimself,evenafterthemainsteeringdevicehadbeendamagedbygales.Chichestercovered14,100milesbeforestoppinginSydney,Australia.Thiswasmorethantwicethedistanceanyonehadpreviouslysailedalone.HearrivedinAustraliaon12December,just107daysoutfromEngland.HereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheAustraliansandfromhisfamilywhohadflowntheretomeethim.Onshore,Chichestercouldnotwalkwithouthelp.Everybodysaidthesamething:hehaddoneenough;hemustnotgoanyfurther.Buthedidnotlisten.AfterrestinginSydneyforafewweeks,Chichestersetoffoncemoreinspiteofhisfriends'attemptstodissuadehim.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,duringwhichhesailedroundthetreacherousCapeHorn.On29JanuaryheleftAustralia.Thenextnight,theblackesthehadeverknown,theseabecamesoroughthattheboatalmostturnedover.Food,clothes,andbrokenglasswereallmixedtogether.Fortunately,bedandwenttosleep.Whenhewokeup,theseahadbecomecalmthenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,unlesstherewasashipnearby,Wildbeonanisland885milesaway.AftersucceedinginsailingroundCapeHorn,ChichestersentthefollowingradiomessagetoLondon:"IfeelasifIhadwakenedfromanightmare.WildhorsescouldnotdragmedowntoCapeHornandthatsinisterSouthernOceanagain."Justbefore9o'clockonSundayevening28May,1967,hearrivedbackinEngland,whereaquarterofamillionpeoplewerewaitingtowelcomehim.QueenElizabethIIknightedhimwiththeveryswordthatQueenElizabethIhadsailedroundtheworldforthefirsttime.ThewholevoyagefromEnglandandbackhadcovered28,500miles.Ithadtakenhimninemonths,ofwhichthesailingtimewas226days.Hehaddonewhathewantedtoaccomplish.Likemanyotheradventurers,Chichesterhadexperiencedfearandconqueredit.Indoingso,hehadundoubtedlylearntsomethingabouthimself.Moreover,inthemodernagewhenhumanbeingsdependsomuchonmachines,hehadgivenmenthroughouttheworldnewpride.NEWWORDSSingle-handedA&ad.(done)byonepersonalone單獨(dú)的（地）Adventuren.冒險(xiǎn)（活動(dòng)）SoloA.single-handed單獨(dú)的TransatlanticA.crossingtheAtlanticOcean橫度大西洋

LungN.partofthebodywithwhichonebreathes肺CancerN.癌DeterminedA.withone'smindfirmlymadeup下定了決心的DetermineV.DeterminationN.Retirevi.Stopworkingatone'sjob(becauseofage)退休VoyageRouteClipperCrewN.seajourney航海；航行N.wayfromoneplacetoanother路線N.快速帆船N.groupofpeoplewhoworktogetheronashiporairplane全體船員；全體乘務(wù)員SteerVT.Make(esp.aboatorroadvehicle)goinaparticulardirection為...撐舵DeviceN.apieceofequipment設(shè)備；裝置steeringdeviceN.操舵裝置Ad.harm,injury損壞DamageGaleVT.causeharmorinjuryto損壞N.verystrongwind大風(fēng)CoverVT.travel(acertaindistance)行過(guò)（一段距離）PreviouslyAd.before以前previousA.AttemptN.try試圖，嘗試DissuadeVT.Prevent(sb.)fromdoingsth.byreasoning勸阻TreacherousA.moredangerousthanitseems暗藏危險(xiǎn)的；奸詐的CapeN.海角RoughA.(ofweatherorthesea)stormy;notcalm（氣候）有暴風(fēng)雨的；（海）波濤洶涌的FortunatelyAd.luckily幸運(yùn)地；幸虧VT.getintouchwith聯(lián)系，接觸NearbyAd.closeby在附近FortunateA.ContactFollowingWakenA.next;tobementionedimmediately接著的；下列的V.(causeto)wake喚醒；醒來(lái)N.terribledream惡夢(mèng)NightmareDragYVpullalongwithgreateffort拖，拉SinisterA.兇惡的，邪惡的KnightN.爵士VT.封...為爵士swordN.劍，刀AccomplishVT.finishsuccessfully完成ConquerVT.overcome征服UndoubtedlyMoreoverAd.certainly無(wú)疑地Ad.inaddition此外，而且HumanA.oforconcerningpeople人們BeingN.alivingthing,esp.aperson生物；人PHRASES&EXPRESSIOMSSetoutGiveupbeginacourseifaction著手，開始atopdoing放棄Bedeterminedto(do)haveastrongwillto(do)決心（做）(All)byoneselfInspiteofByfar(completely)alonenottakingnoticeof;notcaringabout盡管；雖然byalargeamountordegree...得多Turnover(causeto)fallover,upset（使）翻倒，（使）傾覆cannotkeeponeselffrom住CannothelpPEOPERNAMESFrancisChichester弗朗西斯.奇切斯特GipsyMoth吉普賽.莫斯合恩角（智利）SydneyLondon悉尼（澳大利亞城市）CapeHorn倫敦Elizabeth伊麗莎白（女子名）Drake德雷克（姓氏）Qsbeforetext:1.Howdoesyourfamilycelebrateyourparents’birthday?Andwhataboutyourbirthday?

2.Haveyouevergivenyourparents’presents?Didtheylovethat?ThePresentTheysaythatbloodisthickerthanwater,thatourrelativesaremoreimportanttousthanothers.Everyonewassokindtotheoldladyonherbirthday.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleasehe?Itwastheoldlady'sbirthday.Shegotupearlytobereadyforthepost.Fromthesecondfloorflatshecouldseethepostmanwhenhecamedownthestreet,andthelittleboyfromthegroundfloorbroughtupherlettersontherareoccasionswhenanythingcame.Todayshewassuretherewouldbesomething.Myeawouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday,evenifsheseldomwroteatothertimes.OfcorseMarywasbusy.HerhusbandhadbeenmadeMayor,andMyraherselfhadgotamedalforherworkfortheaged.TheoldladywasproudofMyra,butEnidwasthedaughtersheloved.Enidhadnevermarried,buthadseemedcontenttolivewithhermother,andteachinaprimaryschoolroundthecorner.Oneevening,however,Enidsaid,"IhavearrangedforMrs.Morrisontolookafteryouforrafewdays,Mother.TonorrowIhavetogointohospital--justaminoroperation.I'llsoonbehome."Inthemorningshewent,butnevercameback--shediedontheoperation.Myracametothefuneral,andinherefficientwayarrangedforMrs.Morrisontocomeinandlightthefireandgivetheoldladyherbreakfast.Twoyearsagothatwas,andsincethenMyrahadbeentoseehermotherthreetimes,butherhusbandnever.Theoldladywaseightytoday.Shehadputonherbestdress.Perhaps--perhapsMyramightcome.Afterall,eightywasaspecialbirthday,anotherdecadelivedorenduredjustasyouchosetolookatit.EvenifMyradidnotcome,shewouldsenda[