蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)-2012-5-13下課件

（3）試驗準(zhǔn)備●整地、設(shè)置保護(hù)行、試驗地區(qū)劃，小區(qū)應(yīng)單灌單排，避免串灌串排；●蔬菜田需要在小區(qū)之間采用塑料膜或塑料板隔開，避免肥水間相互滲透；●試驗前多點采集土壤混合樣品；●依測試項目不同，分別制備新鮮或風(fēng)干土樣。（▲土壤養(yǎng)分含量、化學(xué)特性）4.試驗實施4.試驗實施4.試驗實施4.試驗實施（4）試驗重復(fù)與小區(qū)排列

●田間試驗一般設(shè)3~4次重復(fù)（或區(qū)組），采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列?！駥τ诘租浽囼炌簧L季、同一作物、同類試驗在10個以上時可采用多點無重復(fù)設(shè)計。兩種隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計合理性的比較4.試驗實施（4）試驗重復(fù)與小區(qū)排列●小區(qū)面積：露地蔬菜作物小區(qū)面積一般為12~20㎡，密植作物可小些，中耕作物可大些；設(shè)施蔬菜作物一般為10~15㎡?！裥^(qū)寬度：密植作物不小于2m，中耕作物不小于3m。

小區(qū)形狀與試驗誤差小區(qū)形狀指小區(qū)的長寬比例。試驗誤差大小與小區(qū)形狀有關(guān)。

由于對土壤肥力局部差異，長方形有利于均分，而正方形則可能造成獨占情況。在一般情況下，小區(qū)的理想形狀為長方形。不同形狀小區(qū)控制土壤變異效果比較4.試驗實施（6）試驗記載與測試

參照肥料效應(yīng)鑒定田間試驗技術(shù)規(guī)程（NY/T497）執(zhí)行，試驗前采集基礎(chǔ)土樣進(jìn)行測定，收獲期采集土壤和植株樣品，進(jìn)行考種和生物與經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量測定，必要時在蔬菜生長期間進(jìn)行植株樣品的采集和分析，如蔬菜生長規(guī)律的研究試驗。5.土壤與植物測試(1)土壤測試●必測項目●選測項目(1)土壤測試土壤pH

土液比1：2.5，電位法測定。石灰需要量氯化鈣交換——中和滴定法測定。土壤水溶性鹽分總量

電導(dǎo)率法或重量法測定。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)

油浴加熱重鉻酸鉀氧化容量法測定。(1)土壤測試土壤有效磷

碳酸氫鈉或氟化銨－鹽酸浸提——鉬銻抗比色法（分光光度法）測定。土壤速效鉀

乙酸銨浸提——火焰光度計、原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法測定。土壤交換性鈣鎂

乙酸銨交換——原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法測定。(1)土壤測試土壤有效銅、鋅、鐵、錳

DTPA浸提－原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法測定。土壤有效硼

沸水浸提——甲亞胺－H比色法（分光光度法）或姜黃素比色法（分光光度法）或ICP法測定。土壤有效鉬

草酸－草酸銨浸提——極譜法測定。(1)土壤測試土壤重金屬全量鉛、鎘、鉻

干灰化法處理——原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法測定。全量汞

濕灰化處理——冷原子吸收（或熒光）光度計法。全量砷

干灰化處理——共價氫化物原子熒光光度法或ICP法測定。(2)植物測試●全氮、磷、鉀

硫酸—過氧化氫消煮，或水楊酸—鋅粉還原，硫酸—加速劑消煮，全氮采用蒸餾滴定法；全磷采用釩鉬黃或鉬銻抗比色法（分光光度法）；全鉀采用火焰光度法或原子吸收分光光度計法?！袼?/p>

常壓恒溫干燥法或減壓干燥法?！翊只曳?/p>

干灰化法。(2)植物測試●全鈣、鎂

干灰化-稀鹽酸溶解法或硝酸-高氯酸消煮，原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法?！袢?/p>

硝酸-高氯酸消煮法或硝酸鎂灰化法，硫酸鋇比濁法或ICP法。●全硼、鉬

干灰化-稀鹽酸溶解，硼采用姜黃素或甲亞胺比色法（分光光度法），鉬采用石墨爐原子吸收法或極譜法?！袢裤~、鋅、鐵、錳

干灰化或濕灰化，原子吸收分光光度計法或ICP法。(2)植物測試植株營養(yǎng)診斷：

●

硝態(tài)氮田間快速診斷：水浸提，硝酸鹽反射儀法?！?/p>

蔬菜葉片營養(yǎng)診斷：取幼嫩成熟葉片的葉柄，剪碎加純水或2%的醋酸研磨成漿狀，稀釋定容，提取液用紫外分光光度法或反射儀法測定硝態(tài)氮，鉬銻抗顯色分光光度法測無機(jī)磷（必須在2小時內(nèi)完成），火焰光度法或原子吸收分光光度計法測定全鉀?！?/p>

葉片金屬營養(yǎng)元素快速測試：稀鹽酸浸提快速法：稱取樣品1g（稱準(zhǔn)至0.1mg）置于三角瓶中，加入1mol/L鹽酸50ml，置于振蕩機(jī)上振蕩1.5小時，過濾。濾液供原子吸收分光光度法或電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法（ICP）測定鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅、鋅等元素。表6-2測土配方施肥蔬菜植株樣品測試項目匯總測試項目蔬菜測土配方施肥1全氮、全磷、全鉀必測2水分必測3粗灰分選測4全鈣、全鎂選測5全硫選測6全硼、全鉬選測7全量銅、鋅、鐵、錳選測8硝態(tài)氮田間快速診斷選測９蔬菜葉片營養(yǎng)診斷必測1０葉片金屬營養(yǎng)元素快速測試選測1１維生素C選測1２硝酸鹽選測關(guān)于蔬菜測土配方施肥效應(yīng)高產(chǎn)高效適產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)綜合目標(biāo)多年多點動態(tài)優(yōu)化表2不同處理白菜的產(chǎn)量

增施氮肥、磷肥、鉀肥、硼肥、有機(jī)肥白菜產(chǎn)量提高，且施用菜籽粕的效果尤為顯著。

處理ⅠⅡⅢⅣ小區(qū)產(chǎn)量(kg/plot)差異顯著性p0.05p0.01產(chǎn)量kg/hm2%CF30.531.030.529.530.4±0.6eDE43085±892.5107.5N15P5K10(CK)28.527.529.028.028.3±0.6

eE40071±915.8100.0N20P5K1032.033.032.534.533.0±1.1fCD46809±1532116.8N15P10K1034.535.035.534.534.9±0.5cdBC49468±679.3123.5N15P5K1536.537.538.538.037.6±0.9bAB53369±1211133.2N15P5K10B35.535.036.035.535.5±0.4bcBC50335±579.3125.6N15P5K10M139.541.040.540.040.3±0.6aA57092±915.7142.5N15P5K10M241.543.042.040.541.8±1.0aA57447±4809143.4N0P0K012.515.011.010.012.1±2.2fF17199±308442.9表3不同處理白菜硝酸鹽含量(mg/kg)處理

mg.kg-1%CF2792116.2

N15P5K10(CK)2404100.0N20P5K102885120.0N15P10K102978123.9N15P5K152644110.0N15P5K10B2821117.3N15P5K10M12686111.7N15P5K10M22748114.3N0P0K064626.9

在N15P5K10基礎(chǔ)上分別增施氮肥、磷肥、硼肥、鉀肥和有機(jī)肥白菜的硝酸鹽含量增加，其中施用鉀肥和有機(jī)泥炭白菜硝酸鹽含量增加量略微低些。

表4不同肥料組合對白菜營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響處理維生素Cmg.kg-1%氨基酸mg.kg-1%還原糖%%CF417.1103.4196695.70.60694.5N15P5K10(CK)403.1100.02055100.00.641100.0N20P5K10411.1101.92779135.20.783122.2N15P10K10418.9103.9177986.60.727113.4N15P5K15468.2116.1205099.70.737115.0N15P5K10B431.7107.12840138.20.864134.8N15P5K10M1461.1114.42983145.10.828129.2N15P5K10M2496.0123.02931142.60.801124.9N0P0K0658.2163.2109153.11.003161.2表5不同處理萵筍的總產(chǎn)量處理ⅠⅡⅢⅣ小區(qū)產(chǎn)量(kg/plot)差異顯著性p0.05p0.01產(chǎn)量kg/hm2%CF21.520.821.020.020.8±0.6eF29460±882103.9N15P5K10(CK)19.620.420.520.520.3±0.4eF28350±617100.0N20P5K1022.022.521.822.522.2±0.4dE31410±503110.8N15P10K1024.024.524.025.024.4±0.5cCD34500±677121.7N15P5K1525.526.025.025.525.5±0.4bBC36090±577127.3N15P5K10B23.023.523.024.023.4±0.5cDE33075±677116.7N15P5K10M126.527.026.026.026.4±0.5bB37170±677131.1N15P5K10M228.528.028.528.028.3±0.3aA39975±408141.0N0P0K014.214.013.514.414.0±0.4fG19845±54670.0表6不同處理萵筍莖的產(chǎn)量處理ⅠⅡⅢⅣ小區(qū)產(chǎn)量（kg/plot）差異顯著性p0.05

p0.01產(chǎn)量

kg/hm2%CF12.812.412.511.612.4±0.4

eF17581±28687.3N15P5K10(CK)13.814.314.414.514.2±0.3dE20132±356100.0N20P5K1014.314.614.114.714.4±0.2dDE20374±231101.2N15P10K1015.315.715.316.215.6±0.3cBC22042±294109.5N15P5K1516.316.616.016.316.3±0.3bB23098±253114.7N15P5K10B14.815.114.815.715.0±0.3cCD21263±301105.6N15P5K10M115.415.715.115.015.3±0.3cC21610±190107.3N15P5K10M218.818.418.818.418.6±0.2aA26325±197130.8N0P0K08.88.68.39.08.6±0.2fG12238±20760.8表7不同處理萵筍葉的產(chǎn)量處理ⅠⅡⅢⅣ小區(qū)產(chǎn)量（kg/plot）差異顯著性p0.05

p0.01產(chǎn)量kg/hm2%CF8.78.48.58.48.4±0.3eE11879±596139.4N15P5K10(CK)5.86.16.16.06.0±0.1hG8518±261100.0N20P5K107.77.97.77.87.8±0.1gF11036±273129.6N15P10K108.78.88.78.88.8±0.2dD12458±383146.2N15P5K159.29.49.09.29.2±0.1cC12992±325152.5N15P5K10B8.28.48.28.38.3±0.2fE11813±376138.7N15P5K10M111.111.310.911.011.0±0.2aA15560±488182.7N15P5K10M29.79.69.79.69.6±0.1bB13650±212160.2N0P0K05.45.45.25.45.4±0.1iH7607±34089.3表8不同處理萵筍葉和莖的硝酸鹽含量

與對照相比，各處理的萵筍硝酸鹽含量都有所降低，且常規(guī)處理中硝酸鹽含量最低。有機(jī)肥的施用對降低萵筍硝酸鹽含量的作用最顯著。處理葉莖

mg/kg%

mg/kg%CF346.945.4337.647.9N15P5K10(CK)763.6100.0704.6100.0N20P5K10658.686.2572.181.2N15P10K10643.584.3607.286.2N15P5K15680.889.2571.081.0N15P5K10B679.489.0618.987.8N15P5K10M1611.780.1552.378.4N15P5K10M2624.381.8585.983.1N0P0K0674.288.3542.377.0表9不同肥料組合對萵筍葉營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響

處理維生素Cmg/kg%氨基酸

mg/kg%還原糖

%%CF277.591.414.471.21.20249.1N15P5K10(CK)303.5100.020.2100.00.48100.0N20P5K10293.896.820.2100.20.4594.0N15P10K10249.382.122.9113.40.66137.0N15P5K15305.7100.725.6126.60.61126.0N15P5K10B303.5100.019.797.60.72150.0N15P5K10M1261.286.122.9113.40.75156.0N15P5K10M2345.8113.916.581.70.77160.0N0P0K0313.3103.212.260.60.59123.0表10不同肥料組合對萵筍莖營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響

代碼維生素Cmg/kg%氨基酸

mg/kg%還原糖

%%CF55.579.179.443.80.79136.1N15P5K10(CK)70.2100.0181.1100.00.58100.0N20P5K1065.593.3117.264.70.5493.3N15P10K1054.677.8122.867.80.5798.8N15P5K1560.786.5163.390.20.5797.7N15P5K10B61.187.1122.867.80.5392.2N15P5K10M165.092.6144.279.60.81139.9N15P5K10M269.899.4154.885.50.59102.2N0P0K062.488.9120.066.30.65112.2不同施肥處理對萵筍的復(fù)合效應(yīng)處理產(chǎn)量經(jīng)濟(jì)效益硝酸鹽氨基酸還原糖Vc復(fù)合效應(yīng)CFN15P5K10(CK)

N20P5K10N15P10K10-N15P5K15N15P5K10B---N15P5K10M1--N15P5K10M2-N0P0K0實例2優(yōu)化配方試驗表11試驗處理和施肥量（kg/hm2）處理NP2O5K2OSiCaBMC代號N0P0K00000000CKN0P10K1501502250000-NN20P0K1530002250000-PN20P10K030015000000-KN20P10K153001502250000OPTN20P10K15+SiCa

3001502252250000+SiCa

N20P10K15

+B

30015022501.500+B

N20P10K150+M3001502250022500+MN20P10K15+C3001502250002250+C*SiCa、B、M、C分別代表硅鈣肥、硼砂、油粕、泥炭；供試土壤pH5.61。表12不同施肥處理對白菜產(chǎn)量的影響處理ⅠⅡⅢ

Ⅳ產(chǎn)量(kg/小區(qū))差異顯著性p0.05p0.01產(chǎn)量（kg/hm2）%CK15.815.616.015.615.8±0.2iI24622±29944.4N0P10K1522.122.022.222.122.1±0.1hH34549±12862.3N20P0K1532.032.132.232.032.1±0.1fF50142±15090.4N20P10K029.630.029.829.829.8±0.2gG46586±25584.0N20P10K1536.035.036.035.035.5±0.6eE55496±903100N20P10K15+SiCa38.138.038.238.138.1±0.1cC59561±128107.3N20P10K15+B36.636.736.836.636.7±0.1dD57333±150103.3N20P10K15+M42.742.842.742.842.8±0.1aA66830±90.3120.4N20P10K15+C39.239.139.339.139.2±0bB61242±150110.4表13不同施肥處理對白菜品質(zhì)的影響

處理硝酸鹽氨基酸Vc還原糖mg/kg%mg/kg%mg/kg%%%CK336469.0907.1103.1540111.11.58123.4N0P10K15244250.1846.996.3584120.21.70132.8N20P0K15386979.4981.7111.645593.61.35105.5N20P10K0386479.3845.496.1497102.31.54120.3N20P10K154875100879.51004861001.28100N20P10K15+SiCa403282.7898.8102.2608125.11.39108.6N20P10K15+B353172.4906.2103.045593.61.31102.3N20P10K15+M410784.2710.480.844090.51.1892.2N20P10K15+C364774.8787.889.648098.80.8163.3實例3肥料優(yōu)化分配時期試驗表14馬鈴薯分期施肥方案處理基（底）肥苗肥結(jié)薯肥薯塊膨大肥1.常規(guī)方法N60%，P100%，K100%N40%2.分期施氮N20%，P100%，K100%N30%N30%N20%3.分期施氮鉀1N20%，P100%，K20%N30%K30%N30%K30%N20%,K20%4.分期施氮鉀2N40%，P100%，K40%N30%K30%N30%K30%5.分期施氮磷鉀1N40%，P40%，K40%N30%，P30%，K30%N30%，P30%，K30%6.分期施氮磷鉀2N20%，P40%，K20%N30%，P30%，K30%N30%，P30%，K30%N20%,K20%7.分期施氮磷鉀3N20%，P40%，K20%N40%，P30%，K40%N40%，P30%，K40%表15不同施肥處理馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量（重慶巫溪）代號處理小區(qū)產(chǎn)量(kg/區(qū))差異顯著性p0.05p0.01公頃產(chǎn)量（kg/hm2）相對產(chǎn)量%1常規(guī)方法40.5±0.5cBC20260±250100.02分期施氮39.0±0.5dD19510±25096.33分期施氮鉀140.3±0.6cBC20177±28999.64分期施氮鉀242.0±0.9abA21011±433103.75分期施氮磷鉀141.5±0.5bAB20760±250102.56分期施氮磷鉀240.2±0.2cCD20080±99.999.27分期施氮磷鉀342.8±0.3aA21394±126105.6表16不同施肥處理馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量（重慶城口）代號處理小區(qū)產(chǎn)量

(kg/區(qū))差異顯著性p0.05p0.01公頃產(chǎn)量（kg/hm2）相對產(chǎn)量%1常規(guī)方法39.3±2.3bB19630±1548100.02分期施氮34.0±6.0cC17009±300286.43分期施氮鉀141.7±7.4bB20877±3697106.14分期施氮鉀247.1±3.5aA23545±1748119.75分期施氮磷鉀139.9±3.6bB19943±1793101.46分期施氮磷鉀242.9±2.6bB21477±1286109.27分期施氮磷鉀339.1±6.1bB19543±306399.3表17不同施肥處理馬鈴薯品質(zhì)性狀（重慶巫溪）代號VC淀粉可溶性糖粗蛋白(mg/kg)（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）1216100.067.3100.00.410100.08.36100.02244113.060.389.70.37091.96.9883.53259119.960.790.30.32078.47.3988.44261120.861.391.20.39095.07.5290.05259120.458.186.40.34082.77.5189.86276128.256.784.40.430105.08.2598.77277128.658.286.50.37091.37.1986.0表18不同施肥處理馬鈴薯品質(zhì)性狀（重慶城口）代號VC淀粉可溶性糖粗蛋白(mg/kg)（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）（%）1213100.058.7100.00.880100.011.1100.02242113.455.895.00.880100.010.291.93237111.056.696.40.940106.88.7879.14283132.662.6106.60.960109.17.4867.45229107.457.097.10.75085.610.191.06244114.654.392.40.920104.59.7287.67249117.05695.40.880100.010.493.7實例4鉀肥適產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)試驗表19不同處理的白菜和萵苣產(chǎn)量處理產(chǎn)量（kg·plot-1）產(chǎn)量（kg·hm-2）%差異顯著水平p0.05p0.01白菜K0K1CK2CK3CK1SK2SK3SK2S+M43.9±0.448.6±0.450.5±0.752.6±0.747.8±0.750.2±0.352.1±0.655.7±0.760936±63167533±52470103±93173088±91066387±94269693±41572290±86779866±1000100.0110.8115.0119.9108.9114.4118.6131.1edcbdcbaEDCBDCBA萵苣K0K1CK2CK3CK1SK2SK3SK2S+M27.1±0.231.6±0.433.4±0.330.7±0.331.4±0.332.9±0.230.2±0.334.4±0.138669±57645145±186347681±129643824±192544824±137747038±93643074±139249074±340100.0116.7123.3113.3115.9121.6111.4126.9ecdabddbcdaEBCDABDCDABCDA表20不同處理的白菜重金屬含量處理鉻鎘砷汞鉛mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1

%mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1%白菜K00.201d100.00.0139b100.00.00485a100.00.000410e100.00.168a100.0K1C0.251a125.00.0144a103.10.00348de71.70.000479d116.90.100f59.5K2C0.219b108.80.0132c94.80.00339e69.80.000568b138.50.118d70.3K3C0.219b108.80.0121d87.00.00412b85.00.000496cd121.00.113e67.4K1S0.207cd102.90.0148a105.90.00416b85.70.000555b135.40.146c86.9K2S0.174e86.80.0145a103.80.00413b85.20.000663a161.70.144c85.6K3S0.210c104.40.0120d86.20.00359cd74.00.000505c123.20.094g55.8K2S+M0.127f63.20.0109e78.20.00365c75.30.000486d118.50.151b89.5表21不同處理窩苣的重金屬含量處理鉻鎘砷汞鉛mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1

%mg·kg-1%mg·kg-1%萵苣K00.130a100.00.0185c100.00.00271d100.00.00171e100.00.196b100.0K1C0.105e81.30.0247c133.20.00267d98.70.00189d110.30.170d86.7K2C0.124b96.00.0217a0.0324b117.20.00248e91.50.00209c121.90.178c90.8K3C0.128ab98.4174.70.00341a125.70.00175e102.20.210a107.1K1S0.109de84.30.0226f121.90.00296c109.20.00236b138.10.190b96.9K2S0.117c90.40.0168c90.80.00273d100.80.00306a179.00.146g74.5K3S0.112d86.10.0203e109.30.00318b117.20.00209c122.10.154f78.6K2S+M0.113cd87.30.0209d112.70.00266d98.20.00158f92.30.162e82.7表22不同處理的白菜和萵苣硝酸鹽含量處理白菜mg·kg-1%萵苣mg·kg-1%K0K1CK2CK3CK1SK2SK3SK2S+M3175ab100.01744d100.0

3060bc96.42075b119.0

2959c93.21774d101.7

2489f78.41700d97.5

3283a103.42102ab120.5

2633e82.91922c110.2

2954c93.01866c107.0

2760d86.9

2154a

123.5

實例5氮肥適產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)試驗表23不同肥力土壤施氮對小白菜產(chǎn)量的影響Table23YieldofChinesecabbage

atdifferentNlevelundertwosoilconditions(kg?plot-1)氮水平Nlevel（kg?ha-1）中肥力土壤Mediumfertilitysoil低肥力土壤

Lowfertilitysoil小區(qū)產(chǎn)量YieldofplotP0.05P0.01邊際產(chǎn)量Marginalyield小區(qū)產(chǎn)量YieldofplotP0.05P0.01邊際產(chǎn)量Marginalyield03.18dC00.91dD0757.67cB4.492.27cC1.3615011.74bA4.075.22

bAB2.9522513.02aA1.286.53aA1.3130012.53abA-0.494.64bB-1.89表24不同氮水平下小白菜收獲天數(shù)（X）與硝酸鹽累積量（Y）的直線回歸關(guān)系Table24Linearregressionbetweenharvesttime(X)andnitrateaccumulation(Y)ofChinesecabbageatdifferentNlevel氮水平Nlevel(kg?ha-1)中肥力土壤Mediumfertilitysoil低肥力土壤

Lowfertilitysoilb0bR2b0bR20-146.918.250.94521.230.6920.13575-280.337.350.92241.548.310.906150-315.747.380.97614.9714.140.958225-503.561.300.94723.7719.100.974300-448.755.680.95641.8015.840.925表25不同收獲天數(shù)氮水平（X）與小白菜硝酸鹽累積量（Y）的二次回歸關(guān)系Table25QuadraticregressionbetweenNlevel(X)andnitrateaccumulation(Y)ofChinesecabbageatdifferentharvesttime收獲天數(shù)Harvestdays(d)中肥力土壤Mediumfertilitysoil低肥力土壤Lowfertilitysoilb0b1b2R2b0b1b2R2533.728.40-0.3080.968-1.31114.37-0.5410.9841026.0115.08-0.6070.82053.6719.86-0.6370.9841522.7829.50-0.8490.99956.2631.84-0.8270.97320172.2572.47-2.7260.99818.0831.86-0.6920.94825316.9561.51-1.4360.98013.2551.63-1.4910.94430388.7798.70-2.8690.97828.4260.67-1.9410.98535536.76134.88-5.0420.97083.4973.60-2.1970.98040575.16167.51-5.1840.90622.4582.25-2.2230.98645693.66106.32-0.9070.83718.4898.07-3.2020.978表2６不同氮水平和收獲期對小白菜營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響1)Table2６InfluenceofdifferentNlevelsandharveststageonnutrientqualityofChinesecabbage土壤Soil氮水平Nlevel（kg?ha-1）VC（mg?kg-1）可溶性糖Solublesugar（%）氨基酸Aminoacid（mg?kg-1）ABB／AABB／AABB／A中肥力Mediumfertility03444101.190.410.842.052283091.36753343931.180.501.002.002433621.491502612921.120.480.871.812633871.472252602941.130.490.811.652583901.513002573001.170.510.831.632533421.34低肥力Lowfertility05876241.060.711.131.593837361.92754785611.170.660.901.363667111.941504745401.130.690.841.224016881.722254255241.230.660.841.273576511.823004155111.230.650.861.323866221.611)A、B分別為第40d和第45d收獲。AandBrepresentrespectivelyforsamplingatthe40thandthe45thdays.

四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計●蔬菜種類選擇●田間試驗數(shù)量●田間試驗內(nèi)容設(shè)計●田間試驗要求四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計1.蔬菜種類選擇參見規(guī)范“三、蔬菜肥料效應(yīng)田間試驗”（2）試驗作物品種選擇。

●建議各省以種植面積大的代表性蔬菜為基礎(chǔ)，選擇1~2種供試。其中：一次性采收的葉菜選大白菜或萵苣，多次采收的果菜選番茄或辣椒。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計2.田間試驗數(shù)量●田間試驗總數(shù)：30個以上。

因為：（1）蔬菜田間試驗潛在誤差大；（2）屬于統(tǒng)計學(xué)上的大樣本范圍，試驗結(jié)果成功率增大。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計3.田間試驗內(nèi)容設(shè)計(1)土壤氮素養(yǎng)分豐缺及氮肥推薦指標(biāo)體系●氮素水平試驗：5~6個氮素用量。●試驗基本作用：建立氮素養(yǎng)分豐缺指標(biāo)；獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)最佳施氮量，建立氮肥推薦指標(biāo)。●氮素水平設(shè)計：見表4-1。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計表4-1蔬菜氮肥效應(yīng)試驗方案處理試驗編號處理MNPK1MN0P2K2＋0222MN0.5P2K2＋0.5223MN1P2K2＋1224MN2P2K2＋2225MN3P2K2＋3226MN4P2K2＋422注：施肥量中，“2”為最適宜施用量，0.5，1，3，4分別為適宜施用量的1/4，1/2，3/2和2倍。設(shè)計5個處理時，可將2號或6號處理去掉。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計3.田間試驗內(nèi)容設(shè)計(2)土壤氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分豐缺及其施肥推薦指標(biāo)體系●氮磷鉀三因素四水平試驗（1）:“3414”試驗。●試驗基本作用：建立三種養(yǎng)分豐缺指標(biāo)；獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)最佳施肥量，建立三種養(yǎng)分推薦指標(biāo)?！瘛?414”試驗設(shè)計方案：見表4-2。表4-2“3414”試驗方案處理（推薦方案）試驗編號處理NPK1N0P0K00002N0P2K20223N1P2K21224N2P0K22025N2P1K22126N2P2K22227N2P3K22328N2P2K02209N2P2K122110N2P2K322311N3P2K232212N1P1K211213N1P2K112114N2P1K1211四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計3.田間試驗內(nèi)容設(shè)計(2)土壤氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分豐缺及其施肥推薦指標(biāo)體系●氮磷鉀三因素五或六水平試驗（2）：單因子水平試驗?！裨囼灮咀饔茫航⑷N養(yǎng)分豐缺指標(biāo)；獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)最佳施肥量，建立三種養(yǎng)分推薦指標(biāo)?！裨囼炘O(shè)計特點：可分別、靈活實施?！駟我蜃铀皆囼炘O(shè)計方案：見表4-1，4-3。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計表4-1蔬菜氮肥效應(yīng)試驗方案處理試驗編號處理MNPK1MN0P2K2＋0222MN0.5P2K2＋0.5223MN1P2K2＋1224MN2P2K2＋2225MN3P2K2＋3226MN4P2K2＋422注：施肥量中，“2”為最適宜施用量，0.5，1，3，4分別為適宜施用量的1/4，1/2，3/2和2倍。設(shè)計5個處理時，可將2號或6號處理去掉。四、省域蔬菜測土配方施肥技術(shù)指標(biāo)

體系研究——田間試驗設(shè)計表4-3-1蔬菜磷肥效應(yīng)試驗方案處理