高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題7

2017年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題7.2017年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題7./2017年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題7.閱讀以下短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最正確選項(xiàng)。AToAmericanvisitors,Icelandisaveryinterestingcountry,partlybecauseitisdifferentinsomanywaysfromwhatheorsheisusedtoseeingathome.Therearequiteafewthingsthatarenotdone,orthatdonotexistontheisland—quiteafew"No's".Thereisnopollution,forinstance.NodogsarepermittedinReykjavik,thecapital.ThereisnotelevisiononThursdaysorduringtheentiremonthofJuly,andonlythreehoursofblack-and-whiteTVtherestofthetime.ThereisnohardliquoronWednesdaysandnobeeratanytime.Therearenohandguns;onlyonejailofthirty-fivecellsintheentireland—anadmirablefigure,evenforasmallcountryof313,376people.Thereisnoarmy,airforceornavy.Thereisnotippingforanything.TherearenolargestoresopenonSaturdaysorSundays.SinceIcelandissituatedjustundertheArcticCircle,thereisnodarknessinsummerandnodaylightinwinter.ButthankstoGulfStream,theclimateisrathermild,withtemperaturesrangingfrom34degreesFahrenheitto52degreesinJuly.Therulesontelevision,liquor,andgunsaretheresultofgovernmentaldecision.ButtheabsenceofpollutionisdueingreatparttothefactthatIcelandgetsitspowerfromtheenormousgeyser(間歇泉andthethousandsofhotspringsthatcomeoutoftheground.Theyprovidealltheenergyneededbythecountry.Infact,Icelandusesonly3percentofallitsavailablepower.Icelandhasbeendescribedasademocraticindependentcountrywheremorefisharecaughtandmorebookspublishedperpersonthananywhereelseintheworld.TheIcelandershavealwaysfeltaparticularloveforliterature.TheycomposedtheirfirstworksintheninthandtenthcenturiesAD.Theseworkswerepoemsandtalesaboutthekings,heroes,andheroinesofIcelandandNorway.Atfirstthestorieswerememorizedandpassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Theywerefinallywrittendownbetween1140and1220.TheIcelandershaveneverstoppedwritingeversince.ershoelessthan“Rathbookless,"theyproudlysay.AmericanvisitorsenjoyvisitingIcelandprobablybecause.A.nodogsarepermittedinthecapitalB.thepolicedonotcarryhandgunsC.theclimateisrathermild.D.itisverydifferentfromAmericaThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT.A.therearenosoldiersinIcelandB.theIcelandersdon'tdrinkbeerC.thereisnoservicefeeofanykindD.therearenocrimesinIceland3.ThereisnopollutioninIcelandmainlybecause.A.Icelandusesonly3percentofallitsavailablepowerB.theIcelandersusehotwaterfromthegroundbelowastheirenergyC.itislocatedjustundertheArcticCircleD.itisademocraticindependentcountry4."Rathershoelessthanbookless"means.A.theyprefernottohaveshoesorbooksB.theywouldratherhaveshoesonthanwritebooksC.theyprefertravelingtoreadingD.theyregardbooksmoreimportantthanshoesBAnoldproblemisgettingnewattentionintheUnitedStates—bullying(恃強(qiáng)凌弱.Recentcasesincludedthetragiccaseofafifteen-year-oldgirlwhosefamilymovedfromIreland.ShehangedherselfinMassachusettsinJanuaryfollowingmonthsofbullying.Herparentscriticizedherschoolforfailingtoprotecther.Officialshavebroughtcriminalchargesagainstseveralteenagers.JudyKuczynskiispresidentofananti-bullyinggroupcalledBullyPoliceUSA.HerdaughterTinawasthevictimofseverebullyingstartinginmiddleschoolinthestateofMinnesota.Shesaid,"Ourdaughterwasaveryoutgoingchild.Shehadabubblypersonality,veryinvolvedinallkindsofthings,hadlotsoffriends.Andoveraperiodoftimehergradesfellcompletely.Shestartedhavinghealthissues.Shecouldn'tsleep.Shewasn'teating.Shehadterriblestomachpains.Shestartedclenchingherjawandgrindingherteethatnight.Didn'twanttogotoschool."Bullyingisdefinedasnegativebehaviorrepeatedovertimeagainstthesameperson.Itcaninvolvephysicalviolence.Oritcanbeverbal—forexample,insultsorthreats.Spreadingliesaboutsomeoneorexcludingapersonfromagroupisknownassocialorrelationalbullying.Andnowthereiscyberbullying,whichusestheInternet,e-mailortextmessages.Ithaseasyappealforthebullybecauseitdoesnotinvolveface-to-facecontactanditcanbedoneatanytime.ThefirstseriousresearchstudiesintobullyingweredoneinNorwayinthelate1970s.ThelatestgovernmentstudyintheUnitedStateswasreleasedlastyear.Itfoundthataboutone-thirdofstudentsagetwelvetoeighteenwerebulliedatschool.SusanSweaterisapsychologistattheUniversityofNebraska-Lincolnandco-directoroftheBullyingResearchNetwork.Shesaysschoolsshouldtreatbullyingasamentalhealthproblemtogetbulliesandvictimsthehelptheyneed.Shesaysbullyingisconnectedtodepression,anxietyandanti-socialbehavior,andbulliesareoftenvictimsthemselves.FromthecaseofTina,wecanknowthat.A.bullyingisrareinschoolB.victimssufferedalotC.schoolsaretoblameforbullyingD.personalitiesarerelatedwithbullyingCyberbullyingisappealingtothebullybecause_________.A.itcaninvolvemorepeopleB.itcancreateworseeffectsC.itismoreconvenientD.itcanavoidcheatingAccordingtoSusanSweater,.A.bulliesareanti-socialB.bulliesshouldgivevictimshelpC.victimsarenotequallytreatedD.bulliesthemselvesalsoneedhelpWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.15-Year-OldIrishGirlCommittedSuicideB.Girl’sSuicideBringsFreshAttentiontoBullyingC.Cyber-BullyingTakingOffinSchoolsD.HowtoSolvetheProblemofBullyingAmongTeensCMachinesinthehomehaveashorthistory.Sewingmachines,washingmachinesandtumbledriesarecommonenoughtoday,butahundredyearsago,fewpeoplecouldevenimaginesuchthings.However,inventorshavedesignedandbuiltawiderangeofhouseholdmachinessincethen.Inmostcasestheinventortriedtopatenthismachine,tostopanyonecopyingit.Ifthemachinebecamepopular,theinventorcouldmakealotofmoney.In1790thefirstsewingmachinewaspatented.TheinventorwasanEnglishmancalledThomasSaint.Therewasnothingtomatchhismachineforfortyyears,andthensomeonebuiltasimilardevice.HewasaFrenchman,BartelemyThimonier.Neitheroftheseearlymachinesworkedverywell,however.Itwasn’tuntil1846thataninventorcameupwithareallyefficientsewingmachine.HewasanAmerican,EliasHoweandhismachinewasgoodenoughtobeatfiveskilledsewingwomen.Hedidn’tmakemuchmoneyfromit,however.ThefirstcommerciallysuccessfulsewingmachinewaspatentedbyIsaacSingerfiveyearslater.Today,wetakewashingmachinesforgranted,buttherewasnonebefore1869.Therevolvingdrum(旋轉(zhuǎn)桶ofthatfirstmachinesetapatternforthefuture,butitwascrudebytoday’sstandards.Thedrumwasturnedbyhand,andneededalotofeffort.Eightyearspassedbeforesomeoneproducedanelectricwashingmachine.Theworldhadtowaitevenlongerforamachinetodryclothes.Thefirstspin-drierwasanotherAmericaninvention,patentedin1924;butitwas20yearsbeforesuchmachineswerewidelyused.ItwasyetanotherAmerican,calledBissell,whointroducedthecarpetsweeper.Hepatentedtheoriginalmachinebackin1876.Itdidn’tpickupdirtverywell,butitwasquickerthanadustpanandbrush.Thirty-sixyearslater,eventhecarpetsweeperwasold-fashioned:modernhomesnowhaveavacuumcleanerwithanelectricmotortosuckthedust.Inventorspatenttheinventionssoasto______.A.producemorenewmachinesB.avoidbeingcopiedbyothersC.maketheinventionsmorepopularD.makemoremoneyAccordingtothearticle,moderninventors______.A.hadtowaitforthefirstspin-drierforalongtimeB.onlyimitatedthefirstwashingmachineC.poweredthefirstever-madewashingmachinebyelectricityD.followedthepatternofthefirstrevolvingdrumbutimproveitmuchTheunderlinedword“crude”inparagraph3means______.A.quiteuselessugly-lookingmuchtoughernotskillfullymade12.Thearticlemainlytellsusabout______.A.thegreatinventorsintheworldB.theimportantinventionsintheworldC.theshorthistoryofhouseholdmachinesD.theimportanceofthemachinesusedinthehomeDPeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944,whenshestarredinNationalVelvet—thestoryofVelvetBrown,ayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace.Atfirst,theproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.However,theywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrained—andaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!HeractinginNationalVelvetisstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin1932.Herparents,bothAmericans,hadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldWarIIstarted,theTaylormovedtoBeverlyHills,California,andthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.Afterhersuccessasachildstar,TaylorhadnotroublemovingintoadultrolesandwontwiceforBestActress:Butterfield8(1960andWho'sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf(1966Taylor'sfameandpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,soshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963,shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatra—thehighestpayreceivedbyanystaruptothattime.ElizabethTaylorisalegendofourtime.LikeVelvetBrowninNationalVelvet,shehasbeenlucky;shehasbeauty,fameandwealth.Butsheisalsoahardworker.Taylorseldomactsinmoviesanymore.Instead,sheputshertimeandeffortsintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers—severalyearsago,shefoundedanorganizationthathasraisedmorethan$40millionforresearchandeducation.Theproducersdidn'tletTaylorplaythepartofVelvetatfirstbecausetheythoughtshe________.A.wassmallinsizeB.wastooyoungC.didnotplaywellenoughD.didnotshowmuchinterestWhatElizabethTaylorandVelvetBrownhadincommonwasthattheywereboth________.A.popularalltheirlivesB.famousactressesC.successfulwhenveryyoungD.richandkind-heartedTaylorbecameBestActressattheageof________.A.1228313416.Inherlaterlife,ElizabethTaylordevotedherselfto________.A.doingbusinessandhelpingothersB.turningherselfintoalegendC.collectingmoneyforthepoorD.goingaboutresearchandeducationworkETechnology:Takingthegoodwithoutthebad?Verysoon,unimaginablypowerfultechnologieswillremakeourlives.Thiscouldhavedangerousconsequences,especiallybecausewemaynotevenunderstandthebasicscienceunderlyingthem.There

’sagrowinggapbetweenourtechnologicalcapabilityandourbasicscientificunderstanding.Wecandoverycleverthingswiththetechnologyofthefuturewithoutnecessarilyunderstandingsomeofthescienceunderneath,andthatisverydangerous.Thetechnologiesthatareparticularlydangerousoverthenexthundredyearsarenanotechnology(納米技術(shù),artificialintelligenceandbiotechnology.Thebenefitsthattheywillbringarebeyonddoubt.Buttheyaregoingtobevery,verydangerous.I

’workinginthefieldofartificialintelligence.Ihaveamodeldesignforsomethingthatmightbe50,000milliontimessmarterthanthehumanbrain.Targetdateis2010.Theonlythingthat'snotpossibleinthefilmTerminator(終結(jié)者isthatthepeoplewin.Ifyou'refightingagainsttechnologywhichis50,000milliontimessmarterthanyou,youprobablywillnotwin.Nanotechnology.We'veallheardofthegreyglueproblem,thatself-replicatingnanotechdevicesmightkeeponcopyinguntiltheworldhasbecomestickyglue.Andcertainlyinbiotechnology,we'vereallygotabigproblembecauseit'sconvergingwithnanotechnologyandIT.Onceyoustartmixingnanotechwithorganismsandyoustartfeedingnanotech-enabledbacteria,wecanreallygoanawfullotfurtherthantheBorginStarTrek(星際迷航.Andthosesuperhumanorganismsmightnotlikeusverymuch.Eventuallythesetechnologieswillbecomeroutine.That’sathreattohumanity.Idon’tthinkit’spossibletoslowitdown.Sowhatweneedtodoisacceleratethesci