2020年北京海淀區(qū)高三一模英語試卷帶答案

2020年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語考試逐題解析第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，545分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AAt8,Istartedtakingartlessons(1)(improve)mypaintingskills.However,later,IfoundthatIfocusedtoomuchonmasteringdifferenttechniques.Eventually,Ibecamemoredistressedwhenmyexpectationsweien’tmatched.So,inthe11thGrade,Ireturnedtothebasics.On(2)sketchbookIforcedmyselftodrawwhateverinterestedme.Overtime,Ihavebeenreleasedfromthetightcontrol.Ihavelearnedthatagoodpaintingisnotabouthavingperfecttechnique.Infact,allIneedtodoistrustmy(3)(create)talentsandfindmomentsofjoyinlife.1.【答案】toimprove【解析】本題考查非謂語做狀語；提示詞improve為動(dòng)詞，句子中，前面的代詞I與名詞lessons，都不能充當(dāng)improve的主語，所以improve需要做非謂語。按照三步式解題：1)其邏輯主語是I；2)improve與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；3)且improve動(dòng)作發(fā)生在starttaking之后，故使用不定式。在句子中充當(dāng)目的狀語。翻譯為“在8歲時(shí)，我開始學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)課程，去改進(jìn)我的繪畫技能。”故正確答案是toimprove。2.【答案】a【解析】本題考查冠詞；本題無提示詞，且位置是在介詞后名詞前，考慮冠詞。冠詞分為泛指和特指，由于本題前面沒有出現(xiàn)過sketchbook，可以使用冠詞a，句意為“我強(qiáng)迫自己在速寫本上畫任何讓我感興趣的東西”，故正確答案是a?！敬鸢浮縞reative【解析】本題考查詞性變換；本題提示詞為create，是動(dòng)詞。在句子中處于形容詞性物主代詞my和名詞talents之間，需要充當(dāng)定語。creativetalents則是“創(chuàng)造才能”。結(jié)合本句中，翻譯為“實(shí)際上，我所需要去做的就是相信我的創(chuàng)造能力和找到生命中的歡樂”，故正確答案是creativeoBInrecentyears,trampolining（蹦床）hasbecomeanewcrazeamongChineseyouths.Shortvideos（4）（show）people’sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolorfultrampolinesareregularlyuploadedtosocialmedia.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers,butadultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood.Comparedwithsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyothercompetitivesports,（5）variousinjuriesoccurfromtimetotime,trampoliningisrelatively（6）（safe）.However,preparationandsafetyalwayscomefirst.Youmustdowarm-upexercisesbeforeplayingandyoucan’tloseconcentrationduringthemovements.【答案】showing【解析】本題考查非謂語做后置定語；提示詞show為動(dòng)詞，需要考慮做謂語或者非謂語。將這句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞找出來，后面有一個(gè)areuploaded，然后匹配主語?？梢钥吹角懊娴膃xcitement（動(dòng)詞賓語），jumping（介賓），trampolines（介賓），都不能充當(dāng)其主語。又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)，結(jié)合其詞意，只能判定其主語是shortvideos。所以提示詞show，只能充當(dāng)非謂語。使用三步式解題：1）其邏輯主語是shortvideos；2）show一般做“顯示”詞意時(shí)，用主動(dòng)；3）而和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞uploaded比較，不能在其之后，所以選擇使用showing做后置定語。翻譯為“那些顯示人們?cè)诓噬拇采媳膩肀娜カ@得歡樂的短視頻，被頻繁上傳到社交媒體上?！惫收_答案是showingo5.【答案】where【解析】本題考查定語從句；空格處無提示詞，并且后面是一個(gè)句子，考慮是從句。因?yàn)榍懊媸欠侵^語做狀語，并且存在一系列名詞可以充當(dāng)先行詞，如soccer,basketball，tennis,anyothercompetitivesports,本空格所在句子是完整的（主謂）， 需要填寫的是狀語部分。所以填寫where,等同于inwhich,翻譯為“在這些運(yùn)動(dòng)中，各種各樣的傷害時(shí)不時(shí)發(fā)生”。故正確答案是whereo6.【答案】safer【解析】本題考查形容詞；提示詞safe為形容詞，位置處于is后，考慮詞性為形容詞，且有relatively修飾，詞意為“相對(duì)地”，所以，使用比較級(jí)。翻譯為“蹦床相對(duì)安全”，故正確答案是safer。CAnewreportshowsthatChina’surbanpetconsumermarket(7)(expect)tobreakthroughthe200billionyuanthresholdthisyear.Youngpeopleinbigcitiesarethemaincontributors.Nowadays,withthecostoflivingrising,youngpeople(8)(suffer)fromgreaterlonelinessandpressure.Theyarebusyworkingalldayinacompetitiveenvironment,leavinglittletimeforfunandfriends.Thatmayexplain(9)moreandmoreyoungpeoplearechoosingtokeeppets(10)companionship.Apartfromrelievingloneliness,manyscientificstudieshaveshownthatkeepingapetreducesstressandmayevenimproveoverallhealth.7.【答案】isexpected【解析】本題考查謂語動(dòng)詞；提示詞expect為動(dòng)詞，考慮謂語動(dòng)詞或者非謂語動(dòng)詞，由于前面China’surbanpetconsumermarket，可以充當(dāng)expect的主語，所以判定expect做謂語。另外，expect這個(gè)詞，beexpectedto意為“預(yù)料；預(yù)計(jì)”，翻譯為“中國城市寵物消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)預(yù)計(jì)今年將突破 2000億門檻?！惫收_答案是isexpectedo8.【答案】aresuffering【解析】本題考查謂語動(dòng)詞；提示詞suffer是動(dòng)詞，且句中沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，所以判定suffer做謂語。本句有自己的時(shí)間提示詞nowadays,判定時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且根據(jù)句意確定為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；語態(tài)為主動(dòng)；主語為youngpeople復(fù)數(shù)(可以結(jié)合下句they判定)。故正確答案是aresufferingo9.【答案】why【解析】本題考查名從；空格處無提示詞。空格處是一個(gè)句子，且處于 mayexplain后，所以判定為賓語從句。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，且根據(jù)句意“那可以解釋(為什么)越來越多的年輕人選擇寵物做伴”。故正確答案是whyo10.【答案】for【解析】本題考查介詞；空格處無提示詞，位置處于名詞pets和companionship之間。只能考慮連詞或者介詞。根據(jù)句意“養(yǎng)寵物做伴”。故正確答案是for。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwas11whenIaskedmymumforpianolessons.Wewereinaneconomiccrisisandshe’drecentlybeen(11)off.Shesaidapolite“no”.Thatdidn’t(12)me.Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwould(13)notesonanonlinekeyboardand“play”thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithout(14)arealpiano.AsmymumfoundIwas(15)aboutit,sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwas(16)byhoworganicthesoundofthepianowas,asIhadbecomefamiliarwiththe(17)electronicsound.TheteacherwastryingtoexplainwheremiddleCwas,butIcould(18)playallthemajorandminorscales.I(19)mygradeoneaftereightlessonsandgotdistinction.BythetimeIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn’t(20)lessonsagain,soIreturnedtomypaperkeyboard.Ipassedgradethree,thengradefive,practisingonlyonmypieceofpaper.Forthegradesabovethat,there′san(21)thatyouaddacertainsensitivityintoyourplaying.ThemusicteacheratmyschoolsaidIcouldpractiseontheschool'sgrandpiano.Iwouldwakeupat5:30amtogetthereintimeandplayuntillessonsstarted.I′d(22)lunchandthenpractiseafterschooluntilthecaretakerkickedmeout.Athome,I’dhavedinner,dothreehoursofrevision,andthen(23)practiceuntil1:00am.Myschooldidn'toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians.Theaudition(試鏡)wasextremely(24),andIfeltoverwhelmed.Tomyamazement,Iwasoffereda(25).IhadbeentoldIhadstartedplayingtoo(26)toreachconservatoire(音樂學(xué)院)level,butwhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprize.ThatwasthepointwhenIrealizedIwasn'tbehindeveryoneelse.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolinLondon,whereIwasofferedascholarship.Ifeel(27):It’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpianoandI’matoneoftheworld’s(28)conservatoires.TheironyisthatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano—whatwecallmentalpractice.It(29)keyareasofthemindthatarelessreadilyaccessedbypianoplayingalone.Thepaperpianohelpedstimulatemy(30)abouthowmusicworks.A.laidB.pushedC.droppedD.knockedA.annoyB.botherC.embarrassD.discourageA.takeB.signC.clickD.composeA.seeingB.touchingC.enjoyingD.choosingA.seriousB.carefulC.hesitantD.nervousA.struckB.puzzledC.comfortedD.inspiredA.naturalB.artificialC.practicalD.magicalA.onlyB.stillC.hardlyD.alreadyA.satB.joinedC.failedD.repeatedA.offerB.teachC.affordD.observeA.attitudeB.expectationC.opinionD.opportunityA.avoidB.missC.saveD.skipA.socialB.mentalC.mechanicalD.physicalA.fascinatingB.motivatingC.frighteningD.challengingA.courseB.rewardC.placeD.certificateA.soonB.lateC.hurriedlyD.suddenlyA.proudB.luckyC.ambitiousD.gratefulA.grandB.strictC.leadingD.expensiveA.buildsB.coversC.definesD.unlocksA.predictionB.memoryC.curiosityD.imagination11.【答案】A【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)前文中“economiccrisis”可知作者家中經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，媽媽近期被解雇（layoff）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：pushoff（推遲，離開），dropoff（減少），knockoff（擊倒）；故正確答案是A?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)后一句"Idrewakeyontoapiecesofpaperandstuckitonmydesk”,可知作者并沒有氣餒（discourage）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：annoy（惹惱，惹怒），bother（打擾，煩擾），embarrass（使尷尬）；故正確答案是D?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)句意動(dòng)賓搭配可知作者點(diǎn)擊（click）音符。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：take（帶來），sign（簽署），compose（作曲）；故正確答案是C。【答案】B【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；由于前文“playthembackonmypaperone”可知我這六個(gè)月沒有觸碰（touching）一個(gè)真正的鋼琴。其余選項(xiàng)含義為:seeing（看到），enjoying（享受），choosing（選擇）；故正確答案是B。【答案】A【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)前文“Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano”以及后文“sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney”可知媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我對(duì)彈鋼琴是很認(rèn)真的（serious）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：careful（仔細(xì)的），hesitant（猶豫的），nervous（緊張的）；故正確答案是A?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)句意可知我仍然記得第一次彈鋼琴時(shí)，我被鋼琴聲所打動(dòng)（struck）。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：puzzled（使困惑），comforted（安慰，安撫），inspired（激發(fā)，鼓舞）；故正確答案是A?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)前文“Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaper”和“and“play”thembackonmypaperone”可知之前我彈的琴都是偽造的（artificial）音樂聲。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：natural（自然的），practical（實(shí)際的），magical（有魔力的）；故正確答案是B?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】本題是副詞題；根據(jù)句意可知老師一直嘗試給我解釋C大調(diào)在哪里，但是我已經(jīng)（already）可以演奏所有的大調(diào)和小調(diào)了。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：only（僅僅），still（仍然），hardly（幾乎不）；故正確答案是D?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)句意可知，根據(jù)句意可知，我參加一級(jí)考試，sit可有參加考試之意。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：join（參加），faild（失敗），repeated（重復(fù)）；故正確答案是A。【答案】C【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)后文“Ireturnedtomypaperkeyboard”可知我們無法再一次支付得起（afford）課程了。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：offer（提供），teach（教授），observe（觀察）；故正確答案是C?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)上文，我通過paperpiano逐漸取得了成功，上一段最后一句中關(guān)鍵詞“only”，表明我想練習(xí)真正的鋼琴。根據(jù)本句，期望在演湊中加入敏感性或者理解，選擇expectation。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：attitude（態(tài)度），opportunity（機(jī)會(huì)），opinion（觀點(diǎn)）；故正確答案是B。【答案】D【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；文章句意的理解，我跳過午飯，然后去練習(xí)直到看門的人讓我出去。所以選擇skip。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：avoid（避免），miss（錯(cuò)過），save（節(jié)省）；故正確答案是D。【答案】B【解析】本題是形容詞題，根據(jù)上文，我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了家里，沒有鋼琴，所以選擇mental。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：social（社會(huì)的），mechanical（機(jī)械的），physical（物理的，身體的）；故正確答案是B?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)下句“andIfeltoverwhelmed."可知，我的感覺是不知所措的，不堪重負(fù)的，所以選challenging。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：fascinating（迷人的），motivating（鼓舞的），frighting（令人恐懼的）；故正確答案是D?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)本句“Tomyamazement”,說明與前文轉(zhuǎn)折，Iwasofferedaplace，表示我被錄取了。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：course（課程），reward（回報(bào)，報(bào)酬），certificate（證書）；故正確答案是C?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】本題是副詞題；根據(jù)前文，我是11歲才開始學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴，比較晚，所以選擇late。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：soon（快地），hurriedly（匆忙地），suddenly（突然地）；故正確答案是B?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)上文，我收到了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，根據(jù)下文，我現(xiàn)在處于世界頂級(jí)音樂學(xué)院，表明作者對(duì)此事的滿意和驕傲，選proud,其余選項(xiàng)含義為：lucky（幸運(yùn)的），ambitious（有雄心的），grateful（感謝的）；故正確答案是A。28.【答案】C【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)本句，我現(xiàn)在處于世界領(lǐng)先的音樂學(xué)院，所以選leading。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：grand（宏偉的），strict（嚴(yán)格的），expensive（昂貴的）；故正確答案是C。29.【答案】D【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞題；根據(jù)句意，它打開了大腦中那些不太容易被鋼琴觸及的區(qū)域，選擇unlocks.其余選項(xiàng)含義為：build（建立），cover（覆蓋），define（定義）；故正確答案是D。30.【答案】C【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)本句這有利于激發(fā)我對(duì)音樂如何運(yùn)作的好奇心。其余選項(xiàng)含義為：prediction（預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言），memory（記憶），imagination（想象力）；故正確答案是C。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，040分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhataresomeofyourfavoritememoriesoftheUniversity?Inpreparationforeachfall’s50threunion,membersofthemilestoneclassareaskedtorecallcampusmemoriesforanannualMemoryBook.Here’sasmallselectionofsomememoriesfromtheClassof1969.PhyllisJoBaunach”...Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestacks.Wedideverythingbyhand!Butthejoysofideascomingtolifeandunderstandingthornyconceptsarepriceless.Additionally,IcannotforgetthejoyfulhoursofCo-Kastrehearsalsforstudent-written-and-directedplays,andthethrillofaudiences’responsestoourefforts.NorwillIeverforgettakingvoicelessonsattheEastmanSchoolofMusic.Thiscoursegavemeconfidencetotrynewmusicalapproachesandtothinkonmyfeet.”PaulBoehm”...manysweetandlastingmemories—fivefeetofdeepsnow,gettingstrandedontheThruway,musicatHylieMorris'sAlley,andofcourse,Imetmywifeof48years,EllenBlazerBoehmfromtheClassof1972,whenshewasafreshmanandIwasasenior.Asafive-yearchemicalengineeringmajor,Ihadoneelectivetospare,andEllensaid,‘Howaboutoceanography?’So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi(thefamousclimatescientist),whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljuices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.”FarelVellaMcClure“...ItrulylovedmyfourundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofRochester.Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster’sdegree!Iwasveryfortunatetohavebeentotallyimmersedinstudentlifeoncampus.Mymemoriesincludecampaigningandwinningaseatonthestudentgovernmentduringmyfreshmanyear.OthermemoriesincludetheSusanB.Anthonybanquet,andsleepinginthecomfychairsinthelibrary.IwasalsoprivilegedtobeselectedasastudentrepresentativeonthedesignteamforthenewWilsonCommons.I.M.Pei,thefamousarchitectwhodesignedtheLouvrePyramid,wasthearchitectforWilsonCommons.WeevenvisitedhisofficesinNewYorktoseethe‘master’atwork.”Accordingtothepassage,PaulBoehm.married日lenBlazerin1972dislikedhismajorinuniversitybecameafamousclimatescientistlaterdiscoveredhisinterestinenvironmentalscience31.【答案】D【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句可知，PaulBoehm報(bào)名了海洋學(xué)作為自己的選修課，且原文中的“awakenedmyenvironmentaljuices”與D選項(xiàng)中的discoveredhisinterest相對(duì)應(yīng)，故正確答案是D。WhatcanwelearnaboutFarelVellaMcClure?Shewasaworld-famousdesigner.Shewasactiveinschoolactivities.Shehadahardtimegettinghermaster’s.SheoncemetI.M.PeiattheLouvrePyramid.32.【答案】B【解析】本題考查推理判斷；根據(jù)文章第六段可知，F(xiàn)arel回顧了自己在大學(xué)生活時(shí)的種種事情，包括參加運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)生會(huì)、宴會(huì)、作為設(shè)計(jì)隊(duì)的學(xué)生代表、參觀I.M.Pei的辦公室等，說明了她在大學(xué)活動(dòng)中非?；钴S，故正確答案是B。Thethreepeoplealltalkedabout.A.theirbelovedprofessorsB.theirgreatfriendshipC.theirlearningexperiencesD.theirbeautifulcampus33.【答案】C【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；題目問“三個(gè)人全都談?wù)摰降氖鞘裁?。根據(jù)文章PhyllisJoBaunach的回憶”…Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestack."，第五段PaulBoehm的回憶“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi-”，以及第六段FarelVellaMeClure的回憶“Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster'sdegree!”可知，三個(gè)人全都談?wù)摰搅恕八麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷”故正確答案是CoBEarlyFebruary,IwasflyinguptoOhio.Wellprepared,Ihadeverythinginmyfavour—fuelforfivehours,chartsinorder,myflightplanonmylap,andabeautifulclearsky.Iwaswrong.IhadheardaboutAlbertaClipperscomingoutofCanada.Iknewallaboutthem—howanentireairmasswasstreamingalongatoversixtymilesanhour.Thatmorning,theWeatherBrieferinformedmethatanAlbertaClipperwasgoingoverChicagoaboutthetimeIgottotheairport.Chicagowassome400milesfrommydestination—notafactor,orsoIthought.ThatwasthefirsthintImissed.ThecontrollercalledandaskedifIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Ididthecheckandeverythingwasinthegreen.SoItoldhimno.TwentyminuteslaterthecontrollercalledagainaskingwhetherIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Icheckedeverything.Allwasfine.Iignoredthathint.Iwasfooledbythesmoothairandlimitedexperiencewitharapidlymovingairmassthatwasnotchangingviolently.TheAlbertaClipperwasclippingalong.Thefirstblastofturbulence（氣流）struckmyplane.Igotslammedintotheroof,andthenslammedsidewayshittingthewindowwithsuchforceupmynosethatIstartedbleeding.Aftera2-hourflightof100miles,Irealizedfuelwasnowanissue.Sowaslanding.IcalledFlightFollowing.WefiguredouttheairportIcouldland.Theenginestopped.Sodidmyheart.Thereisnoquietasquietlystunningasthisoneatsuchanaltitude.Ihadrunoutoffuelinthelefttank,andonlyalittleinmyrighttank.Theenginequitforasecondtime.Ideclaredanemergency.IwastoldthatImightgetanotherfewminutesoffuelifIgentlybankedtheairplane.Luckily,itworked.Then,theenginequitforthelasttime.Iwasaglidernow.Imadealonglazyspiraldescent.DownIwent.Istoppedattheveryendoftherunway.Imadesomanymistakes,missedsomanyclues,andshowedmyignorancesomuchthatIbeatmyselfupoverandoveragaininmymind.IlearnedtextbookdescriptionsofAlbertaClippersandreal-lifeexperiencewithonearetotallydifferent.Iwillneverforgetthesoundofthatsilence.Iflewhomethenextday.Older.Wiser.Humbler.Lucky.WecanknowfromthepassagethatAlbertaClipperscanbringsnowstormsarequick-movingairmassesareviolentlychangingairpressurecanleadtoasuddentemperaturedrop34.【答案】B【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第三段第2句可知，被稱為AlbertaClipper的冷空氣氣旋以每小時(shí)超過60英里的速度流動(dòng)。故正確答案是B。Whatmainlyledtotheauthor’smissingallthehints?Hislackofflyingexperience.Hispoorpreparationforthejourney.Hismisjudgementabouttheairmass.Hisoverconfidenceinhispilotingskills.【答案】C【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句話和第五段倒數(shù)第2句和倒數(shù)第3句可知，我忽略了指揮員的多次暗示，被平穩(wěn)的空氣氣流以及變化不明顯的空氣質(zhì)量所愚弄了。故正確答案是C。Whichistherightorderoftheevent?Ideclaredanemergency.Myairplanewasrunningoutoffuel.Iinsistedoncarryingonmyflightplan.Iwasthrowntotheroofbytheviolentairmass.Islightlybankedmyairplaneandmadealanding.A.dcbeaB.dcebaC.cdabeD.cdbae【答案】D【解析】本題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)整篇文章事件發(fā)生的先后順序和前五段，可知第一個(gè)事件是c,我堅(jiān)持我的飛行計(jì)劃；根據(jù)文章第六段第2句話，可知第二個(gè)事件是d,我被摔到了機(jī)艙內(nèi)頂部；根據(jù)文章第八段第4句話，可知第三個(gè)事件是b,飛機(jī)燃料用光了；根據(jù)文章第八段第6句話，可知第四個(gè)事件是a,我宣布了緊急救助；根據(jù)文章第8段第7句話可知第五個(gè)事件是e，我輕微地傾斜飛行然后著陸。故正確答案是D。Thepassagedescribe.A.arewardingtrainingB.anarrowescapeC.apainfulexplorationD.aseriousaccident37.【答案】B【解析】本題考查文章主旨；A選項(xiàng)意為“一次有益的訓(xùn)練”，B選項(xiàng)意為“一次死里逃生”，C選項(xiàng)意為“一次痛苦的探索”，D選項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的事故”，整篇文章講述了一個(gè)飛行員在飛行途中遭遇冷空氣氣旋，最后克服重重困難并使飛機(jī)成功著陸的故事；故正確答案是B。CThereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance,BenedictCumberbatchsaid,"MymumsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI'mfilmingSherlock."MarkSeton,aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney,hasevencoinedtheterm"post-dramaticstressdisorder"todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole."Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn'tinvolveacting,anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers'senseofself,ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies,theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities,memoriesorphysicalattributes,andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance,theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories,andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance,iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm"confident"wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend'spersonality,whentheycametorescorethemselves,theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably,thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse'sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself."Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson,wemayadaptourselftotaketheshapeofthatperson,"saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging,especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome,ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves,wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways."Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend,whotomodel,andwhotoignore,"writeMeyerandhercolleagues,"wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks,butevenoursenseofwhoweare."38.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.statethatactingrequiresskillsexplainthestressthatanactorfacesshowthataroleleavesamarkontheactorstresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole38.【答案】C【解析】本題考查段落主旨，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters,以及第二段結(jié)尾句：Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"可知演員會(huì)受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會(huì)很持久，故正確答案是C。Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ruboffon"inParagraph3probablymean?Influence.Strengthen.Confuse.Determine.39.【答案】A【解析】本題考查猜詞題，通過文章第四段前兩句Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse可知，志愿者對(duì)于自己的認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響；故正確答案是A。Accordingtothestudy,takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.bringschangestoone'sself-knowledgemotivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfhelpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsproducestemporaryeffectsonone'scharacter40.【答案】A【解析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題；根據(jù)文章第4段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged-theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知志愿者的自我認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響，進(jìn)一步發(fā)生了改變。故正確答案是A。Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.Itgivesadviceonadjustingone'semotions.Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.【答案】B【解析】 本題考查主旨題；通過文章倒數(shù)第二段 Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier可知通過這項(xiàng)研究我們可以知道改變自己并不是很困難的事情，進(jìn)一步可以對(duì)我們自身進(jìn)行提升。故正確答案是B。DIncollege,Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalcombinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomiccompoundslikeoxygengas?Don’task;studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It’stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually,studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebecominglame——butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths,orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersask,howcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“post-truth”world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species”contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight,andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However,suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy,inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless,uncertainadviceoncomplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat,fromafutureperspective,today’stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness,aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyaccommodatesdissentanddissonance,thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternal（永久的）truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams,andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat.A.studentscannotbecomespecialistsitgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducationstudentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessorsitfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture42.【答案】D【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”意為“多樣性和懷疑產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造力;我們必須為學(xué)生們騰出空間，停止引導(dǎo)未來的科學(xué)家進(jìn)入重視技術(shù)而非思想的狹窄專業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練的問題是不能給學(xué)生提供他們未來所需要的東西”表達(dá)內(nèi)容一致，故正確答案是D。Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat.eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallengedstudentsaregenerallyignorantofsciencemostpreviousresearchersareoutofdatesciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime43.【答案】A【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)題干中“periodictable”可以定位至文章第四段。根據(jù)第四段首句“Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.”，可以得知“在科學(xué)中，即使是最基本的構(gòu)成要素也會(huì)受到質(zhì)疑”，和A選項(xiàng)“被廣泛接受的內(nèi)容也可以被質(zhì)疑”表達(dá)內(nèi)容一致，故正確答案是A。Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat.studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubtsciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspeciesstudentsshouldnottrustestablishedsciencediversitypreventsprogressinscience44.【答案】A【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)文章第三段“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity.可以得知A選項(xiàng)“如果允許學(xué)生持懷疑態(tài)度，他們可能會(huì)更具有創(chuàng)造力”是正確的；根據(jù)文章第五段“Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable”可知理科生不知道元素和物種等概念是被爭議的，而不是不爭議元素或物種，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生不應(yīng)該相信已經(jīng)建立的科學(xué)”，文章中意為學(xué)生應(yīng)該抱有質(zhì)疑態(tài)度，而不是不相信，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“多樣性組織了科學(xué)中的進(jìn)步”和作者態(tài)度相反，文章對(duì)多樣性持鼓勵(lì)態(tài)度，故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案是A。Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcut-and-driedeternaltruths.Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers.Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.45.【答案】C【解析】本題為復(fù)雜細(xì)節(jié)題；A選項(xiàng)定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段“Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.”可知選項(xiàng)中缺少范圍限制，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)定位到文章“Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternaltruths.”根據(jù)“ratherthan”可知選項(xiàng)和原文意思相反，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)定位到文章“Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers”和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一致；D選項(xiàng)定位到文章中第四段“Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological"species"contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight”中的“wonderwhether可知D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案是C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Istherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?Dosocialmediahaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.Inarecentstudy,theinvestigatorscomparedsocialmediausea