小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯

本講座所涉及數(shù)學(xué)詞匯大部分出自GMAT(GraduateManagementAdmissionTest的縮寫)及本人的教學(xué)積累，由于準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間不足，不一定百分之百準(zhǔn)確，歡迎大家批評(píng)指正！一、小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中的英語(yǔ)名詞.有關(guān)數(shù)名詞naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber整數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber實(shí)數(shù)rationalnumber,quotientnumber有理數(shù)irrationalnumber無(wú)理數(shù)inversenumberofx x的倒數(shù)imaginarynumber虛數(shù)complexnumber復(fù)數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale，decimalscale十進(jìn)制binarysystem二進(jìn)制數(shù)碼codedigital數(shù)字digitally數(shù)位units個(gè)位tens十位hundredfoldposition百位nonnegative非負(fù)的mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)commonratio公比percentage百分比primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)consecutiveeven(odd)integer連續(xù)偶(奇)數(shù)constant常數(shù)quarter,oneforth四分之一decimal小數(shù)Recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)decimalpoint小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimalfraction純小數(shù)mixeddecimal混合小數(shù)cardinal基數(shù)Ordinalnumber序數(shù).有關(guān)運(yùn)算的詞Plus，addition力口augends,summand被加數(shù)addend,加數(shù)sum和minus，subtract減minuend被減數(shù)subtrahend減數(shù)remainder差times,multiply乘multiplicand,facing被乘數(shù)multiplication乘數(shù)product積power乘方，冪factorial階乘divided,divide除dividend被除數(shù)divisor除數(shù)division除法divisionsign除號(hào)divisor因子，除數(shù)divisible可被整除的quotient商fraction,quotientnumber分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù),帶分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母ratio比率equals,isequivalentto等于isapproximateequalto近似等于，約等于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于operate運(yùn)算operator運(yùn)算符operationlaw 運(yùn)算律exchangelaw 交換律combinationlaw 結(jié)合律distributionlaw 分配律mean平均數(shù)arithmeticmean 算術(shù)平均數(shù)geometricmean 幾何平均數(shù)Weightedaverage 加權(quán)平均值crossmultiply交叉相乘absolutevalue絕對(duì)值mutualdivide輾轉(zhuǎn)相除decimalarithmetic十進(jìn)制運(yùn)算binaryarithmetic二進(jìn)制運(yùn)算octalarithmetic八進(jìn)制運(yùn)算hexadecimalarithmetic十六進(jìn)制運(yùn)算squareroot平方根arithmeticsquareroot算術(shù)平方根cuberoot立方根radicalsign根號(hào)directproportion正比例inverseproportion反比例Leastcommondenominator(L.C.D) 最小公分母Leastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)最小公倍數(shù)Greatestcommondivisor(G.C.D)最大公約數(shù)approximatevalue近似值函數(shù)functionRange值域Domain定義域.有關(guān)代數(shù)式，方程，不等式，多項(xiàng)式的詞Algebra代數(shù)algebraicexpression代數(shù)式polynomial多項(xiàng)式monomial單項(xiàng)式term多項(xiàng)式的項(xiàng)similarterms同類項(xiàng)combinationsimilarterms同類項(xiàng)degree多項(xiàng)式的次equation 等式，方程equations方程組inequality不等式inequalities不等式組linearequations線性方程組simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程equationofhigherdegree高次方程factorable 可分解因式in-factorable 不可分解因式originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等價(jià)方程unknownquantity未知量coefficient系數(shù)numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)solution方程的解resoluble可解的inapprehensible不可解的completequadraticform完全平方式Incompletequadraticform不完全平方liketerms,similarterms同類項(xiàng)sufficientandnecessary充要條件ifandonlyif（iff）當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)clockwise順時(shí)針?lè)较騛nticlockwise逆時(shí)針?lè)较騪arentheses括號(hào).有關(guān)坐標(biāo)、坐標(biāo)系的名詞coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系coordinate坐標(biāo)abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)axis軸lateralaxis橫軸verticalaxis縱軸origin原點(diǎn)rectangularcoordinate直角坐標(biāo)系quadrant象限octant圭卜slope斜率.有關(guān)集合的名詞set集合element兀素belongto屬于notbelongto不屬于contain包含barring不包含subset子集emptyset,nullset空集union并集intersection交集propersubset真子集solutionset解集.有關(guān)數(shù)列的名詞sequence數(shù)列g(shù)eneralterm通項(xiàng)formulaofgeneralterm 通項(xiàng)公式limit極限arithmeticsequence等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricsequence等比數(shù)列permutation排列combination組合.有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單幾何圖形的名詞Geometry幾何beeline,line直線linesegment線段radial射線curve曲線parallellines平行線length長(zhǎng)度width寬height高度depth深度angle角rightangle直角straightangle平角roundangle周角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角includedangle夾角complementaryangle余角supplementaryangles補(bǔ)角oppositeverticalangle對(duì)頂角alternateangle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角adjacentangle鄰角correspondingangle同位角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角triangle三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形circle圓semicircle半圓centerofacircle圓心segmentofacircle弧形radii半徑diameter直徑plane平面square正方形rectangle長(zhǎng)方形quadrilateral四邊形parallelogram平行四邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形polygon多邊形regularpolygon正多邊形cube立方體rectangularsolid長(zhǎng)方體regularsolid正多面體diagonal對(duì)角線circularcylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的bisect平分anglebisector角平分線chord弦side邊長(zhǎng)perimeter周長(zhǎng)endpoint端點(diǎn)midpoint中點(diǎn)surfacearea表面積wholearea全面積volume體積perpendicular垂直congruent全等的similar相似的symmetrical對(duì)稱的vertex（復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices）頂點(diǎn)three-viewdrawing三視圖leftviewdrawing左視圖platformdrawing俯視圖frontviewdrawing主視圖8.有關(guān)計(jì)量單位的名詞meter米kilometer千米decimeter分米centimeter厘米millimeter毫米nanometer納米squaremeter平方米cubicmeter立方米gram克kilogram千克ton噸inch英寸foot英尺yard碼Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏.應(yīng)用問(wèn)題中的數(shù)學(xué)名詞apply,application應(yīng)用distance距離direction方向speed,velocity速度temperature溫度goods物品cost成本profit利潤(rùn)interest利息discount打折listprice標(biāo)價(jià)markup力口價(jià)retailprice零售價(jià)wholesaleprice批發(fā)denote表示,記號(hào)decreaseto減少到decreaseby減少了increaseto增力到increaseby增力了percapita每人peryear每年table表格graph圖表，曲線圖bargraph柱圖piechart扇形圖extremevalue極值interval區(qū)間openinterval開區(qū)間closedinterval閉區(qū)間maximumvalue極大值minimumvalue極小值.有關(guān)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、考試的英語(yǔ)名詞axiom公理theorem定理calculation,computation計(jì)算operation運(yùn)算arithmetic四則運(yùn)算prove,proof證明suppose假設(shè)hypothesis假設(shè),猜想proposition命題conclusion結(jié)論chapter章section節(jié)paragraph段落page頁(yè)textbook教材,課本course,curriculum課程courseware課件examination,exam考試test測(cè)驗(yàn)fillintheblanks填空simpleselect單項(xiàng)選擇homework家庭作業(yè)exercise,practice練習(xí)grade等級(jí)score分?jǐn)?shù)，成績(jī)

resultsbook成績(jī)冊(cè)testpaper試卷problem問(wèn)題answer答案totalscore總分二、小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)例句四則運(yùn)算A+BA+B=C譯文：AA—B=C譯文：AAxB=C譯文：AA+B=C譯文：AaddBisequalstoC.minusBisequalstoCtimesBisequalstoC.divideBisequalstoC/ThesumofAaddBisequalstoC./TheremainderbetweenAandBisC./TheproductbetweenAandBisC./TheratioAbyBisC.較復(fù)雜算式如：((A+B)xC—D)+E=F譯文：AaddB,thentimesC,andthenminusD,finallydivideBequalstoC絕對(duì)值‘羽 當(dāng)x>0Ix1=<-x, 當(dāng)x<00,當(dāng)x00譯文：Theabsolutevalueofxisequalstox,whenxisapositivenumber,orequalsto一x,whenxisanegativenumber,orequalsto0,whenxisequalsto0.冪xy=n.譯文：Thevalueofypowerxisn.約等于如子氏3.譯文：227thisapproximateequalto3.x四舍五入后的值為y.譯文：Thevalveofround8.35is8.長(zhǎng)度、距離、面積、體積等|AB|=10cm,dAB=7.8dm,S^BC=100m2,V球^=115cm3等譯文：ThelengthoflinesegmentofABis10cm.ThedistancebetweenAandBis7.8dm.TheareaoftriangleABCis100m2.ThevolumeofsphereAis115cm3.眾數(shù)、中數(shù)、均值、極大值、極小值.Themedianof1,7,4,9,2,5,8is9,themeanis18,themaximumis9,andtheminimumis1.Thestandarderrorof0,2,5,7,6is(|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4.平方根:Thearithmeticsquarerootof9is3.勾股定理:a2+b2=c2.Thisformulameanssquareaaddsquarebisequals