2013年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

2013年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

英語(二)試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,on”lyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughemoneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”it—takesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.[[B] express[[B]original1.[A]However[b] MoreoverThereforeOtherwise[A]offbackoveraround[A]powerconcepthistoryrole[A]reward[b] resistresumereverse5.[A]silentsuddenslowsteady6.[A]for[b] againstwithon[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive[A]similar[C]temporary[D]dominant[A]collect[B]providecopyprint[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn[A]UnlessUntilC]Because[D]Though[A]hide[C]raise[D]ease[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification[A]copewith[B]fightagainstadapttocallfor[A]chunkchippathtrailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. (40points)Text1Inanessayentitled “MakingItinAmerica,”theavuitdhsoornArdealamteDsajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday, “amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogis .theretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes, “Inthe10year2s0e0n9,d[ingUi.nS.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs一. .. I"—about6millionintotal—disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstoposthighschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddleclassincomesAccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto.[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethinguniqueThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat.[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenofferedAccordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis.[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople[C]toadvanceeconomicglobalization[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?NewLawTakesEffectB]TechnologyGoesCheapC]B]TechnologyGoesCheapC]D]AverageIsOverRecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio, ”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealthcareaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho.A]immigrateacrosstheAtlanticB]leavetheirhomecountriesforgoodC]stayinaforeigncountrytemporarilyD]findpermanentjobsoverseas27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S..[A]needsnewimmigrantcategorieshasloosenedcontroloverimmigrantsshouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges[D]hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant.[A]financialincentives[B]aglobalrecognition[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs[D]thefreedomtostayandleave29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated.[A]asfaithfulpartners[B]witheconomicfavors[C]withlegaltolerance[D]asmightyrivals30.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?[A]ComeandGo:BigMistake[B]LivingandThriving:GreatRisk[C]LegalorIllegal:BigMistake[D]WithorWithout:GreatRiskText3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hardwiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehardwiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropenmindedness.texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliarentexclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafastfoodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelseweredoing.Subjectsexposedtofastfoodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly forma“tiotnhirnelsialibcley”inonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin “thickstelircmedstudy.”WhloengDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhardwiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogcanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasntchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehighspeedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactiontoafastfoodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions.[A]canbeassociative[B]arenotunconscious[C]canbedangerous[D]arenotimpulsiveToreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould.[A]trustourfirstimpressiondoaspeopleusuallydothinkbeforeweact[D]askforexpertadviceJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon.[A]criticalassessment“thinsliced”studysensibleexplanation[D]adequateinformationTheauthorsattitudetowardreversingthehighspeedtrendis.tolerantuncertainoptimisticdoubtfulText4Europeisnotagenderequalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamilyfriendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEuropestopcorporategovernancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen—upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.Doweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateladderfairlyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idontlikequotas,R”edingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.Quotasgetaction:theyopenthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandRedingsreluctance—andherfrustration.Idontlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeaswellastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition —nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobroeuagkhthtorthesummitofcorporatepower—as,forexample,SherySandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen—whetherCEOsortheirchildrenscaregivers—andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.ntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally.[a] womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedseniormanagementisfamilyfriendly.TheEuropeanUnionsintendedlegislationis.areflectionofgenderbalanceareluctantchoicearesponsetoRedingscallavoluntaryaction.AccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen.gettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresults.TheauthorsattitudetowardRedingsappealisoneof.skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapproval.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof.[A] moresocialjusticemassivemediaattentionC]suitablepublicpoliciesD]greater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistAGforeachnumberedparagraph(4145).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. (10points)LivelikeapeasantBalanceyourdietShopkeepersareyourfriendsRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningiseverythingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas ￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondonsbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.ecommu“nitTyhmentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butitsstilladaybydaything.”Nowhselivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He sfeelingpositive,buthellcarryonblogging—notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan—“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood buteatingw”el—lonabudget.Hereshisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41.Impulsivespendingisntanoption,soplanyourweeksmenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itsnotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.Itsalsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,youllsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42.Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,theresnotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,youllknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightisprepackedinthesupermarketchiller.Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer—thatsnotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyoulldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningtogooff”willbecookedorjuiced.Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfishsellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyoullfeelcomfortableaskingiftheyveanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,theyllletyouhaveforfree.Youwontbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou^21-morethanenoughforathreecourselunchatMichelinstarredArbutus.Its￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDominos:IknowwhichIdrathereat.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.Ivebeenabletodothis,sinceIwas4.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes—trytoputittooneside.Idontthinkitsharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesntmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday—theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailtoinformthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Dtownriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.(15points)某高校學(xué)生兼職情況2013年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）參考答案［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯關(guān)系［解析］此類考題形式表明本題考查上下文之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，理解上下文并破解其邏輯關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵?？崭袼诰涞纳暇浯笠鉃椋何覀兛赡荞R上就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)；而本句大意為：一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不太可能很快出現(xiàn)，由此可見上下文之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 ［A］項(xiàng)However意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，符合題意；［b］項(xiàng)Moreover意為“而且”，表遞進(jìn)；［c］項(xiàng)Therefore意為“因此”，表結(jié)果；［D］項(xiàng)Otherwise意為“否則”，表對(duì)比。［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與介詞辨析［解析］根據(jù)空格所在句中的but可知，本句前后兩個(gè)分句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。第二個(gè)分句大意為：這樣一個(gè)（無現(xiàn)金）社會(huì)的預(yù)言沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以第一個(gè)分句大意應(yīng)該為：這樣的預(yù)言已經(jīng)進(jìn)行（或存在）了二十年。［D］項(xiàng)around作表語，表示“在存在，在使用中”，符合題意。［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與名詞辨析［解析］該句大意為：《商業(yè)周刊》于1975年就預(yù)言電子支付“將很快徹底改變金錢的”。在無法猜測(cè)空格所需要詞義的時(shí)候，我們可以采用“代入法”，即：把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別放入句子試驗(yàn)，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。［a］項(xiàng)power意為“力量，權(quán)利”；［b］項(xiàng)concept意為“理念，概念”；［c］項(xiàng)history意為“歷史”；［d］項(xiàng)role意為“角色”。電子支付將會(huì)改變金錢這一概念，由此可知［b］項(xiàng)符合題意。［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］本句空格之前部分大意為：商業(yè)周刊于 1975年就預(yù)言說電子支付“將徹底改變金錢這一概念”，onlyto意為“卻；不料竟會(huì)”，表示結(jié)果出乎意料，itself指代商業(yè)周刊，由此推測(cè)空格中需要“否定”或者“推翻”等類似詞義。［a］項(xiàng)reward意為“獎(jiǎng)賞；報(bào)答”；［b］項(xiàng)resist意為“抵制，抵抗”；［c］項(xiàng)resume意為“重新開始，繼續(xù)”；［D］項(xiàng)reverse意為“推翻；使倒退；逆轉(zhuǎn)”，故［D］符合題意。［答案］ ［c］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］上文說明了早在1975年就有預(yù)言說無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能即將到來，而作者認(rèn)為實(shí)際上真正的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不會(huì)馬上到來，并通過事例證明。空格所在句子就是提問為什么會(huì)這樣，也就是為什么無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)只可能緩慢到來，所以本題答案為［c］項(xiàng)slow。［a］項(xiàng)silent意為“安靜的，沉默的”；［b］項(xiàng)sudden意為“突然的”；［D］項(xiàng)steady意為“平穩(wěn)的；固定的”，都與題意不符，故1D〕排除。［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文語義與動(dòng)詞詞組辨析［解析］上一段最后提問“為什么無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的到來如此緩慢”，本段將分析其原因；同時(shí)，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句肯定了電子貨幣mightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficient（便捷，高效），空格所在主句與從句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意思是說幾個(gè)因素使得紙幣系統(tǒng)不會(huì)消失?？崭裰暗膭?dòng)詞work意為“起作用”；與】B1項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workagainst,意為“違背，妨礙；起反作用”，符合題意；與1C1項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workwith,意為“與……共事，對(duì)……起作用”；與】D1項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workon，意為“從事……工作，對(duì)……起作用”，都不符合題意，排除。［答案1［B1［考點(diǎn)1句內(nèi)語義理解與形容詞詞義辨析［解析1空格所在句為紙幣支付“不會(huì)”消失的第一個(gè)原因，同時(shí)，空格中的形容詞是對(duì)tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworks（安裝電腦、讀卡器，建立通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的說明。［A］項(xiàng)imaginative意為“富有想象力的”，明顯不符合句意；［B1項(xiàng)expensive意為“昂貴的”，符合句意；［C1項(xiàng)sensitive意為“敏感的，靈感的”，不符合句意；［d1項(xiàng)productive意為“多產(chǎn)的”，不符合句意。［答案1［D1考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］本段探討電子貨幣不能取代紙幣的原因，空格所在句意為“使得電子貨幣成為（什么性質(zhì)的）支付方式”，由此推斷，空格中需要“主流，主要，流行”等類似詞義。 ［A］項(xiàng)similar意為“相似的”；［B1項(xiàng)original意為“原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”；［C］項(xiàng)temporary意為“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”，與題意不符，排除。［D1項(xiàng)dominant意為“統(tǒng)治的，處于支配地位的”，符合題意。［答案1［B1［考點(diǎn)1上下文邏輯與名詞詞義辨析［解析1空格所在句是電子貨幣不會(huì)取代紙質(zhì)貨幣的第二個(gè)原因，就是紙質(zhì)支票的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)；能（什么）receipt（收據(jù)，發(fā)票；收入），由此推測(cè)空格中需要“提供”等類似詞義。［A1項(xiàng)collect意為“收集”，與句意不符，排除；［B1項(xiàng)provide意為“提供”，符合句意；：C1項(xiàng)copy意為“復(fù)印”；［D1項(xiàng)print意為“打印”，不符合句意，排除。［答案1［A1［考點(diǎn)1句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞短語解析［解析1空格中動(dòng)詞短語的賓語是something,指代上文的advantage,即：紙質(zhì)支票支付具有能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這一優(yōu)勢(shì)人們自然是不會(huì)放棄的。由此推測(cè)空格中需要填入意為“放棄”之類的單詞。［A1項(xiàng)giveup意為“放棄”，符合題意；［B1項(xiàng)takeover意為“接管”；"1項(xiàng)bringback意為“拿回來；回想起”；［D1項(xiàng)passdown意為“使流傳，一代傳一代”，均不符合題意，可排除。［答案1［A1考點(diǎn)1句內(nèi)語義理解與連接詞辨析［解析］空格中是連接詞，連接兩個(gè)分句，前一分句大意為：需要花幾天，后一分句大意為：紙質(zhì)鈔票兌現(xiàn)；同時(shí)本句最后which引導(dǎo)的定語從句也對(duì)空格所在部分發(fā)生的事情做了解釋：這就意味著可以獲得利息。由此推斷空格所在部分大意為：支票開出幾天后才會(huì)兌現(xiàn)，由此確定本題答案為［A］項(xiàng)before。［注意］…time/times/number/amount/all…before可視為…固定句式，表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間/多少次數(shù)/多少數(shù)量/所有的都……才……”之意。［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在部分與acheckiscashed（支票兌現(xiàn)）通過and連接，為并列關(guān)系，語義相近；同時(shí)空格中被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語為 funds（資金）。由此推斷空格中需要“提取，提款”等類似詞義。 ［A］項(xiàng)kept意為“保持，保存”；［B］項(xiàng)borrowed意為“借，借款”；［C］項(xiàng)released意為“釋放，發(fā)布”，均不符合題意，可排除。 ［D］項(xiàng)withdrawn意為“取錢，提款；撤退”，符合題意。［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與連接詞辨析［解析］空格所在句子的上一句已經(jīng)說明一個(gè)事實(shí)：theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof由“此fl推oa斷t”el，ectronicpaymentsareimmediate（電子支付是即時(shí)的）是theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer（排除了消費(fèi)者的在途資金）的原因。［A］項(xiàng)Unless意為“除非”，表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系；1B1項(xiàng)Until意為“直到”，表示時(shí)間關(guān)系；［C］項(xiàng)Because意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，表因果關(guān)系，符合題意；［D1項(xiàng)Though意為“然而”，表讓步關(guān)系。［答案1［C1考點(diǎn)1句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義解析［解析］空格中的動(dòng)詞為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，其主語是electronicmeansofpayment（電子支付方式），賓語是securityandprivacyconcerns（安全及隱私擔(dān)憂）。由此推斷空格中需要“引起”等類似詞義。1A〕項(xiàng)hide意為“躲藏；隱瞞”；［B］項(xiàng)express意為“表達(dá)”；"］項(xiàng)raise意為“引起；抬高；撫養(yǎng)”，符合題意；［D］項(xiàng)ease意為“減輕，緩解”。［答案］ ［C］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義解析［解析］空格之前提到hacker（黑客）能夠進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫，那么下一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是修改存儲(chǔ)于數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息。［A1項(xiàng)analyzed意為“分析”；［B］項(xiàng)shared意為“分享，共有”； "］項(xiàng)stored意為“儲(chǔ)存”，符合題意；［d］項(xiàng)displayed意為“陳列，展示”。［答案1 ［C1［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］上一段最后一句提到我們常常聽到黑客進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫修改信息的事實(shí)，空格所在句中的this指代這一事實(shí)；同時(shí)，本句表示肯定，而前面又出現(xiàn)了否定詞，所以要用雙重否定，選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。［A1項(xiàng)unsafe意為“不安全的”；［b1項(xiàng)unnatural意為“不自然的”；［C］項(xiàng)uncommon意為“不是普遍的”，符合題意。［D］項(xiàng)unclear意為“不清楚的”。［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］空格中動(dòng)詞與accessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystems（進(jìn)入電子支付系統(tǒng)的銀行賬戶）是并列謂語，其主語是dishonestpersons（不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人們），由此可以推斷他們進(jìn)入銀行賬戶的下一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是 “偷竊”O(jiān)：A1項(xiàng)steal意為“偷盜，偷竊”，符合題意；［b1項(xiàng)choose意為“挑選”；［c］項(xiàng)benefit意為“收益，有利于”；［d1項(xiàng)return意為“歸還，返回”。［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與名詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句中的thistypeoffraud（這種詐騙）指代上文進(jìn)入銀行賬戶盜取他人資金的行為，結(jié)合空格之后的noeasytask（并非易事）可以推斷空格中需要“解決，應(yīng)對(duì)”或“預(yù)防”等類似詞義。［a］項(xiàng)consideration意為“考慮；［B1項(xiàng)prevention意為“阻止，防止”，符合題意；［C］項(xiàng)manipulation意為“操縱”；［D］項(xiàng)justification意為“正當(dāng)理由”。［答案］ ［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞短語辨析［解析］空格所在句子用and與上句連接，是并列關(guān)系，上句提到預(yù)防此類詐騙并非易事，本句大意為：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)嶄新領(lǐng)域正在發(fā)展，由此推斷其目的便是解決這個(gè)問題。［A］項(xiàng)copewith意為“妥善處理，解決”，符合題意；1B〕項(xiàng)fightagainst意為“反對(duì)”；工］項(xiàng)adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”；［D］項(xiàng)callfor意為“需要，需求”。［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與名詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句子指出了人們對(duì)電子支付的另一個(gè)擔(dān)憂：電子支付會(huì)留下電子形式的痕跡，其中包括大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購物習(xí)慣的信息。 ［a1項(xiàng)chunk意為“厚塊，大塊”；山］項(xiàng)chip意為“芯片；薯?xiàng)l”；［C］項(xiàng)path意為“小路，路”；［D］項(xiàng)trail意為“痕跡，蹤跡”，符合題意。全文翻譯】想到電子貨幣的種種優(yōu)勢(shì)，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為我們會(huì)很快進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，在這里，所有支付都以電子形式完成。然而，真正意義上的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不會(huì)很快到來。的確，早在二十年前就出現(xiàn)了無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的預(yù)言，但是至今仍沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如，《商業(yè)周刊》于1975年就預(yù)言說電子支付形式將很快徹底改變金錢本身的概念，而結(jié)果卻是幾年后推翻了自己的預(yù)言。為什么進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的過程這么緩慢呢？盡管比起紙質(zhì)貨幣支付系統(tǒng)，電子支付更便捷、更高效，然而幾個(gè)因素使得紙幣支付系統(tǒng)不會(huì)消失。首先，要使電子貨幣成為主流支付方式，就必須安裝電腦和讀卡器并建立通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是非常昂貴的；第二，紙質(zhì)支票的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它能提供憑證，而很多顧客不愿放棄憑證；第三，使用紙質(zhì)支票，顧客就有幾日的在途資金，也就是說：要過幾天支票才兌現(xiàn)，賬戶中的資金才被提取，這就意味著寫支票的人可以得到幾日的利息。由于電子支付時(shí)是即時(shí)的，就排除了顧客的在途資金；第四，電子支付可能會(huì)引起人們對(duì)安全和隱私問題的擔(dān)憂。我們經(jīng)常聽到這樣的媒體報(bào)道：黑客未經(jīng)授權(quán)就能夠進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫，篡改其中存儲(chǔ)的信息。此類事件的發(fā)生并非異常，這就意味著不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人會(huì)進(jìn)入電子支付系統(tǒng)的賬戶，從他人賬戶中盜走資金。預(yù)防此類詐騙行為并非易事，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域正在發(fā)展，試圖解決這一難題。人們對(duì)電子支付形式的另一種擔(dān)憂是電子支付方式會(huì)留下一些痕跡，其中包含大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購物習(xí)慣的信息。人們擔(dān)憂政府部門、雇主、銷售人員可以獲取這些信息，進(jìn)而侵犯?jìng)€(gè)人隱私。［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］例證題［正確項(xiàng)精解］例證題的解題思路是：先找到事例，如果事例出現(xiàn)在文章開頭，其作用往往是引出主題或闡明觀點(diǎn)；如果事例出現(xiàn)在行文之中，其作用是為了證明某一觀點(diǎn)。本題中的joke出現(xiàn)在文章開頭，其作用首先是引出文章主題，但是也有證明觀點(diǎn)的作用。閱讀得知，第一段全段都是joke的內(nèi)容，于是要證明的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在第二段，閱讀第二段得知本段便是joke所要闡明的觀點(diǎn)，其大意為：高失業(yè)率和中產(chǎn)階層收入下降的一個(gè)原因是全球化和信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。由此確定［A］為本題答案。是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的“概括和同義替換”。［干擾項(xiàng)分析］［B］就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}相反，屬于“正反混淆”；［C］紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)，屬于“無中生有”，［D］中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入減少，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入減少的原因（技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響） ，屬于“偷換概念”。［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］細(xì)節(jié)題［正確項(xiàng)精解］限定在第三段。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tobeasuccessfulemployee,精確定位到文章第三段的最后一句Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment，其中，standout（突出）對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的tobesuccessful,由此理解到要成為成功的員工，everyoneneedstofindtheirextra（人人都需要找到自己超常的價(jià)值），也就是說theiruniquevaluecontribution（他們獨(dú)特的貢獻(xiàn)）。［D1項(xiàng)中的contributesomethingunique是對(duì)theiruniquevaluecontribution的同義改寫，為本題的答案。屬于“同義替換”。［干擾項(xiàng)分析］［A］項(xiàng)的干擾來自于第三段:Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.文中意思是，雇主（employer