2022年10月12日GRE閱讀真題回憶新

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1.短閱讀(精講精煉Mock4section2)

Biologistknowthatsomemarinealgaecancreatecloudsbyproducingthegasdimethylsulphide(DMS),whichreactswithoxygeninairabovetheseatoformsolidparticles.Theseparticlesprovideasurfaceonwhichwatervaporcancondensetoformclouds.Lovelockcontendsthatthisprocessispartofglobalclimatic-controlsystem.AccordingtoLovelock,Earthactslikeasuperorganism,withallitsbiologicalandphysicalsystemscooperatingtokeepithealthy.HehypothesizedthatwarmerconditionsincreasealgalactivityandDMSoutput,seedingmoreclouds,whichcooltheplanetbyblockingouttheSun.Then,astheclimatecools,algalactivityandDMSleveldecreaseandthecyclecontinues.Inresponsetobiologistswhoquestionhoworganismspresumablyworkingfortheirownselfishendscouldhaveevolvedtobehaveinawaythatbenefitsnotonlytheplanetbuttheorganismsaswell,coolingbenefitsthealgae,whichremainattheoceansurface,becauseitallowsthecooledupperlayersoftheoceantosink,andthenthecirculatingwatercarriesnutrientsupwardfromthedepthsbelow.Algaemayalsobenefitfromnitrogenrainingdownfromcloudstheyhavehelpedtoform.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingoccursasaresultofcoolinginthe

upperlayersoftheocean?

A.Theconcentrationofoxygenintheairabovetheocean’ssurfacedecreases.

B.TheconcentrationofDMSintheairabovetheocean’ssurfaceincreases.

C.Thenutrientsupplyatthesurfaceoftheoceanisreplenished.

D.Cloudformationincreasesovertheocean.

E.Marinealgaemakemoreefficientuseofnutrients.

10.Whichofthefollowingismostsimilartotheroleplayedbymarinealgaeinthe

globalclimatecontrolsystemproposedbyLovelock?

A.Afanthatcontinuallyreplacesstaleairinaroomwithfreshairfromoutside.

B.Athermostatthatautomaticallycontrolsanair-conditioningsystem.

C.Aninsulatingblanketthatretainsheat.

D.Afilterusedtopurifywater.

E.Adehumidifierthatconstantlyremovesmoisturefromtheairinaroom.

11.Thepassagementionsthepossiblebenefittoalgaeofnitrogenfallingdowninthe

rainmostlikelyinorderto

A.providesupportforLovelock’sresponsetoanobjectionmentionedinthepassage

B.suggestthattheclimaticeffectsofDMSproductionhavebeenunderestimated

C.acknowledgethatLovelock’shypothesisisbasedinpartonspeculation

D.demonstratethatDMSproductionalterstheplanetinmorethanoneway

E.assertthatalgaearethesolebeneficiariesofDMSproduction

2.長閱讀(直通車PartIV:Longpassagespassage4)

“Bluesisforsinging,”writesfolkmusicologistPaulOliver,and“isnotaformoffolksong

thatstandsupparticularlywellwhenwrittendown.”Apoetwhowantstowritebluescanattempt

toavoidthisproblembypoeticizingtheform—butliterarybluestendtoreadlikebadpoetryratherthanlikerefinedfolksong.ForOliver,thetruespiritofthebluesinevitablyeludestheself-consciousimitator.However,LangstonHughes,thefirstwritertograpplewiththesedifficultiesofbluepoetry,infactsucceededinproducingpoemsthatcapturethequalityofgenuine,performedblueswhileremainingeffectiveaspoems.Ininventingbluespoetry,Hughessolvedtwoproblems:first,howtowriteblueslyricsinsuchawaythattheyworkontheprintedpage,andsecond,howtoexploitthebluesformpoeticallywithoutlosingallsenseofauthenticity.

Therearemanystylesofblues,butthedistinctionofimportancetoHughesisbetweenthegenresreferredtoas“folkblues”and“classicblues.”Folkbluesandclassicbluesaredistinguishedfromoneanotherbydifferencesinperformers(localtalentsversustouringprofessionals),patronage(localcommunityversusmassaudience),creation(improvisedversuscomposed),andtransmission(oralversuswritten).IthasbeenacommonplaceamongcriticsthatHughesadoptedtheclassicbluesastheprimarymodelforhisbluespoetry,andthathewriteshisbestbluespoetrywhenhetriesleasttoimitatethefolkblues.Inthisview,Hughes’attemptstoimitatethefolkbluesaretooself-conscious,toodeterminedtoromanticizetheAfricanAmericanexperience,toointentonreproducingwhathetakestobethequainthumorandnavesimplicityofthefolkbluestobesuccessful.

Butamorerealisticviewisthatbyconveyinghisperceptionsasafolkartistoughtto—throughanaccumulationofdetailsoverthespanofhisbluesoeuvre,ratherthanbyoverloadingeachpoemwithquaintnessandnaivety–Hughesmadehismostimportantcontributionstothegenre.Hisbluespoemsareinfactcloserstylisticallytothefolkbluesonwhichhemodeledthemthantothecultivatedclassicblues.ArnoldRampersadhasobservedthatvirtuallyallofthepoemsinthe1927collectioninwhichHughesessentiallyoriginatedbluespoetryfalldeliberativelywithinthe“rangeofutterance”ofcommonfolk.Thissurelyappliesto“YoungGal’sBlues,”inwhichHughesavoidstheconventionally“poetic”languageandimagesthatthesubjectsofdeathandlovesometimeselicitinhisordinarylyricpoetry.ToseewhatHughes’bluespoetrymighthavebeenlikeifhehadtrulyadoptedtheclassicbluesashismodel,oneneedonlylookto“GoldenBrownBlues,”asonglyricHugheswroteforcomposerW.C.Handy.Itsimages,allusions,anddictionareconspicuouslyremotefromthecommon“rangeofutterance.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.describetheinfluenceoffolkandclassicbluesonbluespoetry

B.analyzetheeffectofAfricanAmericancultureonbluespoetry

C.demonstratethatthelanguageusedinHughes’bluespoetryiscolloquial

D.defendHughes’bluespoetryagainstcriticismthatitisderivative

E.refuteanacceptedviewofHughes’bluespoetrystyle

2.Theauthorofthepassageusesthehighlightedquotationprimarilyto

A.indicatehowbluespoetryshouldbeperformed

B.highlightthedifficultiesfacedbywritersofbluespoetry

C.supporttheideathatbluespoetryisagenredoomedtofail

D.illustratetheobstaclesthatbluespoetryisunabletoovercome

E.suggestthatwrittenformsofbluesarelessauthenticthansungblues

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ascomparedwiththelanguageof“GoldenBrownBlues,”

thelanguageof“YoungGal’sBlues”is

A.morecolloquial

B.moremelodious

C.markedbymoreallusions

D.characterizedbymoreconventionalimagery

E.moretypicalofclassicbluessonglyrics

4.Accordingtothepassage,Hughes’bluespoetryandclassicbluesaresimilarinwhichofthe

followingways?

A.Bothareimprovised

B.Botharewrittendown

C.Bothareintendedforthesameaudience

D.Neitherusescolloquiallanguage

E.Neitherisprofessionallyperformed

3.規(guī)律單題(直通車)

Benovianssettheirclocksbackanhourforthewinter.Theresultisthat,duringwinter’sshortdays,itislightwhenmostcommutersdrivetowork,butdarkwhentheydrivebackhome.Darknesscontributestoaccidents.Changingtheclocks,however,doesnotactually