新型冠狀疫情有關(guān)閱讀理解練習(xí)

疫情有關(guān)閱讀理解練習(xí)ADuringtheongoingbattleagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia（NCP）,youmayhavereadnewsthatgarlicandsesameoilcanquicklykillthevirusbutitprovedtobemisinformation.WhilethenationcontinuestofightagainsttheNCP,it’salsosteppingupeffortstofightthespreadofmisinformation.Intheinternetera,thenatureofhowinformationspreadshastransformeddrastically（巨大地）.Information-andmisinformation-canspreadtothousandsofhouseholdsinseconds.Formostpeople,fact-checkingisanafterthought-ifitisathoughtatall.Therefore,misinformationthrives（滋生蔓延），saidTheWashingtonPost.Peoplesimplypreferpassingoninformationthatwillevoke（引起）anemotionalresponsefromreaders.Whetherornotitisfactualisnotalwaysthetopcriterion,especiallyintimesofpubliccrisis.Misinformationcouldbeagreaterdangerthanthevirusitself.Misinformationis“makingtheworkofourheroicworkersevenharder”,WorldHealthOrganization（WHO）DirectorGeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesustoldChinaDaily.Hesaidmisinformation“causesconfusionandspreadsfear”.DuringthefightagainsttheNCP,Ghebreyesussaidthat“attheWHOwe’renotjustbattlingthevirus,we’realsobattling...conspiracy（陰謀）theoriesthatundermineourresponse.”ItistruethatasChinaracestocontaintheNCPandminimize（減少到最低限度）itsspreadacrossborders,fearandrumors（謠言）surroundingthevirusarecreatingtheirownproblemsonsocialmedia.“Ironically（諷刺地）,speedisimportantonthosethings,”USprofessorGabrielKahntoldTheLosAngelesTimes.“But…thosearetheonesyouhavetobemostcertainaboutverifying（驗(yàn)證）beforeyoushare.”Asordinarypeople,wemaynotbeabletodevoteourselveslikethosemedicalstaff.Butwecouldthinktwiceaboutwhatweread.Ifyoucanbecarefulaboutsharinginformation,it'syourcontributiontothefightagainsttheoutbreak.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthemaincauseforthespreadofmisinformation?Thelackoffact-checking.Theriseofpubliccrises.People’sdesiretotrickothers.Changesinthewaypeopleviewinformation.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermine”probablymean?A.testB.harmC.guideD.explainWhatproblemhasbeenfoundduringthebattleagainsttheNCP?Peoplehavefearscausedbymisinformation.Itishardtodealwithmisinformationacrossborders.Rumorsaboutthevirustraveltoofasttobecontrolled.Socialmediacreatesproblemsforpeopletoverifymisinformation.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthearticle?Tosharetipsonhowtofightmisinformation.TodisprovesomemisinformationabouttheNCP.Tocallonpeopletowatchoutformisinformation.TotellwhatChinahasdonetodealwithmisinformation.SinceDecember,therehavebeentensofthousandsofCOVID-19casesbothinandoutofChina,causedbyapreviouslyunknownvirus:novelcoronavirus.It’snotthefirsttimeforvirusestomakeheadlines.Viruseshavebroughtbigtroubletohumans,withtheirpotentialtocausewidespreaddiseaseanddeath.Whatarethey?Virusesareconsideredtobenon-livingorganisms（有機(jī)物）.Theycaninfectanimalsandplants,makingthemsick.TheycontaingeneticmaterialslikeDNAandareprotectedbyacoatingofprotein.Unlikebacteria,virusescan'treproduce（繁殖）ontheirown.Instead,theyinvadedthecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult,”EdRybicki,avirologistattheuniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon'tleavefossils（化石）andbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey'veinvaded.”Understandingtheoriginsofvirusesmeansfullyunderstandingthehistoryoftheirhosts-notonlyhumans,butalsobacteria,plantsandotheranimals,whichisacomplicatedtask,saysNature.However,therearethreemaintheories（推測）toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites（寄生者）.Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNA（脫氧核糖核酸）orRNA核糖核酸）that“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Thethirdoneisthatvirusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.8Forthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandproofswehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesanddiscoverthemostplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayfindthattheanswerisevenmoremysteriousthanitnowappears.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthearticle?Theymainlyinfectanimalsandplants.Theyarereallysmalllivingorganisms.Theyaremoredangerousthanbacteria.Theycan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.TheyevolvedfromtheDNAorRNAinanimals.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.Theyevolvedfromparasitestoindependentorganisms.Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.creativeB.reasonableC.commonD.unbelievableWhatdoweconcludefromthearticle?Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.Theauthorisconfidentaboutfuturevirusresearch.CThesuddenriseofthenewcoronavirus（冠狀病毒）hasshockedChina.AlthoughChinahasbeendoingeverythingpossibletostopthevirus,ithasspreadoutsideofitsbordersandintootherregions.Therearenowconfirmedcases確診病例）ofCOVID-19incountriesincludingtheUK,Japan,Germany,Vietnam,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.Thereisagrowingfearthattheeffectsoftheoutbreak疫情爆發(fā)）willworsenifitisnotcontained.ThishasledtocountriesclosingborderswithChinaandputtingtravelbans（禁令）inplace,hopingtoprotecttheirowncitizens.However,fearandmisinformation（不實(shí)消息）havealsocausedthespreadofsomethingelse-racism（種族歧視）.RestaurantsandbusinessesinmanytouristareasacrosstheworldhavepostedsignsbanningChinesepeople.SocialmediausersrecentlysharedapictureofasignoutsideahotelinRome,Italy.Thesignsaidthat“allpeoplecomingfromChina”were“notallowed”inthehotel.Similarsignswithanti-Chinesesentiment（情緒）werealsoreportedlyseeninSouthKorea,theUK,MalaysiaandCanada.Thesesignswereloudandclear-“NoChinese”.Racistactionssuchasthesedoalotmoreharmthangood.“Myethnicity（種族淵源）hasmademefeellikeIwaspartofathreateninganddiseasedmass（群體）：SamPhan,amaster’sstudentattheUniversityofManchester,wrotetotheGuardian.EdithBracho-Sanchez,anassistantprofessoratColumbiaUniversityIrvingMedicalCenter,hasexperienceworkingonhealthissuesthatinvolve涉及）internationalborders.2.“Ashumanbeings,weareafraidofthethingswedontknow,butourresponseshouldbetoeducateourselves,nottofurtherspread…fearsandmisunderstandings,”shesaid.Bracho-Sanchezsuggestedthatthemediashould“sticktothefacts”.Phansharedasimilarview:“It’simportant…toseeusinallourdiversity（多樣性）,asindividualhumanbeings,andtochallengestereotypes（亥U板印象）.Thecoronavirusisahumantragedy,solet’snotallowfeartobreed（弓I發(fā)）hatred（仇恨），intoleranceandracism.”Insteadofspreadingmisinformationandfuelingfearfulthoughts,weshoulddoeverythingwecantosupportthosewhoareaffectedbyeventssuchastheCOVID-19outbreak.Afterall,therealenemyisthevirus,notthepeoplewhoarefightingit.WhatdoParagraphs2-3mainlytalkabout?HowCOVID-19hasspreadoutsideofChina.HowothercountriesdealwithCOVID-19.COVID-19leadingtoracismagainstChinesepeople.COVID-19affectingbusinessandtourismworldwide.WhatdidBracho-Sancheztellpeoplewithherwords?Themediahelpseducatepeople.It’sharmfultofearwhatwedon’tknow.It’sbettertokeepyourfearstoyourself.It'shelpfultolearnaboutunknownthings.WhatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardtheCOVID-19outbreak?Shehopespeopleworktogethertofightthevirus.SheblamesChineseforspreadingthevirusabroad.Shethinksthemediaisresponsibleformisinformation.D.ShecriticizesChinafornotdoingenoughtocontainthevirus.DUKphysicistIsaacNewtononcesaid,“Natureispleasedwithsimplicityandnatureisnodummy（傻子）."Indeed,MotherNaturecanprovidealmosteverythinghumanbeingsneedifwefollowherrules.Butifwebreaktherules,sheislikelytobecruelandlashoutatus.Theoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新型冠狀病毒肺炎,NCP）inChinaandsomeothercountriesatthebeginningofthisyearisanexample.AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,thenewcoronavirusissimilartoavirusfoundinabatin2017andprobablyhasanintermediatehost中間宿主）.It’sbelievedthatthevirusoriginatedfromtheHuananSeafoodMarketinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,wherelivewildanimalsweresold.TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatDrPeterDaszak,presidentoftheUS-basedhealthorganizationEcoHealthAlliance,said,“Thisoutbreakisalessonforus.Onaglobalscale（規(guī)模），humanpopulationdensity密度）,wildlifediversity,andlandusechangearewhatdrivenewpandemics（流行病）.”Inancienttimes,peopleneededtorelyonnaturetosurvivesotheyhelditinawe（敬畏）.Forexample,theAmericanIndiansbelievedthathumansareapartofnatureandnatureisapartofhumans.Chineseancientsalwayspursuedtheharmonybetweennatureandhumanbeings.However,ashumanbeingsmastermoreknowledgeandmakemoreadvancedtools,peopletrytochangeandevenconquernature.Theyusemorelandtomakebuildings,geneticallymodify（改變）plants,capturesomewildandrareanimalstosuittheirownneeds.Inthisprocess,humansgraduallylosecontactwithnatureandeventhrowitoutofbalance.Forexample,cuttingalargenumberofforestsmeanscarbondioxidemustbuildupintheatmosphereanditcontributestoglobalwarming.Althoughwedon’tknowforsurewhatfirstcau