專題01 語法復(fù)習(xí) 冠詞介詞代詞 講義-高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

冠詞代詞介詞考點(diǎn)冠詞一．基本用法the指示性（指示上下文出現(xiàn)或心照不宣的所指that/those）a/an不具有指示性（相當(dāng)于one）只知有一不知誰二．?？加梅?.不定冠詞+序數(shù)詞表示“再一，又一”Getasecondchance抽象名詞具體化AgreatsuccessSurprise/pleasure/pity/pride/comfort/failureAn+元音音素積累：honest/honor/hour/易錯(cuò)對比：aEuropean/united/university/usefulThe+only/very/same+...表特指固定搭配Alltheway/atthetopof/倍數(shù)：X次數(shù)the+width/length/size...of三．固定搭配常見的含定冠詞的固定短語有：makethemost/bestof充分利用；inthedaytime在白天；intheend最后；inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣；notintheleast=notatall毫不；inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；intheway擋路；onthewhole大體上；atthesametime同時(shí)；atthemoment此時(shí)；gotothecinema去看電影；theotherday前幾天；forthetimebeing暫時(shí)；ontheradio通過無線電廣播；onthespot當(dāng)場；totell（you)thetruth說實(shí)話；onthecontrary相反；attheageof在……歲時(shí)；ontheair正在廣播；tothefull充分intheend;bytheway;atthesametime;含不定冠詞的固定短語forawhile;inaword;inahurry;takeabreak；asamatteroffact;ataloss;allofasuddenmakeadifference;代詞從詞性出發(fā)解決習(xí)題名詞詞性：賓格反身代詞名詞性物主代詞形容詞性：位于名詞短語中its+n難點(diǎn)it在形式主語與形式賓語中的用法Itis+過去分詞（said/reported/believed/suggested/advised/acknowledged/recommended)+that從句.Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth.（作表語的形容詞多是表示事物性質(zhì)的，如difficult,heavy,important,possible等。)Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todosth.（作表語的形容詞多是表示人物特征的，如honest,careless,foolish,clever等。)4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞（happens/seems/appears）+that從句.5.Itis+名詞（nouse/nogood/awasteoftime)/形容詞(useless)doingsth.6.Ittakessb.+時(shí)間/金錢+todosth.7.動(dòng)詞（make/keep/find/think)+it+賓補(bǔ)+todosth./that從句8.主語+表示好惡的動(dòng)詞(like/dislike/hate/appreciate)+it+that從句介詞空間介詞點(diǎn)：atLet’smeetatthestation.碰面點(diǎn)線：on,alongWeareonourwaytoKunming.前往昆明的路上Wewalkalongtheriver.沿著河岸（線）走面：onYoucansailonthelake.湖面上體：inYoucanwalkinthestation.在車站里時(shí)間介詞At表點(diǎn)Theearthquakestruckat5A.M.In表長時(shí)間Typhoonsseldomcomeinwinter.On標(biāo)示出特定日期TherewillbeameetingonNewYear’sDay.表方式的介詞表示使用的工具、手段、材料時(shí)，with、by、in、on都意為“用”。(1)with多指用具體的工具、身體的某部位或器官；(2)by側(cè)重使用某種方法、手段或乘坐某種交通工具；(3)in指使用某種語言、筆墨等；(4)on多用于固定詞組中bycheque用支票付款byboat/bus/car/plane乘船/公共汽車/轎車車/飛機(jī)byair/land/sea坐飛機(jī)/經(jīng)陸路/海路withchopsticks用筷子ontheradio通過收音機(jī)inFrench用法語常見介詞含義小結(jié)At核心含義“點(diǎn)”時(shí)間點(diǎn)：attheend/ageof(注意intheend)地點(diǎn)：attheairport（無論大小，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)）athome方向：pointat;lookat相當(dāng)于@，瞄著點(diǎn)（區(qū)分throwat,throwto）Hethrowsthebooktome.扔給我，（to為方向）Hethrowsthebookatme.朝著我扔,瞄著我扔（at為點(diǎn)）On核心含義參照上文標(biāo)示特定日期onarainymorning基本含義：在...上（接觸面）basedon處于...狀態(tài)onvacation/display?？即钆洌簅n/upon(doing)sth.一...就...In含義參照上文在...內(nèi)在時(shí)間段內(nèi)；穿著inred；在某時(shí)間段后intwodays兩天后使用語言/材料/方式inEnglish,inthismanner/wayBy接時(shí)間，表示在……之前（常與完成時(shí)連用)：bytomorrow接數(shù)字，表差值：by3points(差三分）；increaseby10percent表方式、手段:bycar;bycreditcard;bymeansof用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，引出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者：hitbyacar在……旁邊：sitbymyparentsWith有agirlwithredhair與……一起：playwith;livewith伴隨，隨著(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)):withthesnowgoingon使用工具：writewithapen以……，假借……：end(up)with;begin/startwith;withthehelpofWithoutIcannotdoitwithoutyourhelp.雙重否定表肯定五．其它?？冀樵~against違背，反對；倚靠；以……為背景，襯托beyond范圍、限度超出，為……所不能及beyondlimitationsdespite盡管for為了；（表示對象或用途）給；因?yàn)?；就……而言；贊成，支持；換取of屬于；關(guān)于；出身于（某背景）；住在（某地）off脫離接觸從………落下；（時(shí)空上）離，距；（表示方向）偏離；離開not...until...直到...才...more...than...otherthanless...than...OnSaturday,PrinceofMonacoAlbertIIreceivedafigurine(小雕像)ofBingDwenDwenattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,andaskedifhecouldhave_____________secondonebecausehehastwins,accordingtoaChinaCentralTelevisionreport.Therefore,theworld'slargestevertrialofashorterworkingweekwasbyanymeasure___________completesuccess.Zhaiandhiscrewmatesspent183daysin_______orbitabout400kilometersabovetheEarthsincetheirShenzhouXlIspacecraftwaslaunchedonOct.16byaLongMarch2FcarrierrocketfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.Iinquiredandfoundthathewasnomore.Hedied_________verynightwelastmet.FacingasupplyshortageofBingDwenDwen,manystoreshadlimited______________numberof"pandas"eachcustomercouldbuy.Theteamheldthetrophyattheawardceremonywithlaughterand____________combinationofcomplexfeelings.Besides,remainsofricehuskswerealsofoundatthesite,covering__________areaof80squaremeters.8.Thewoodenlibrarysitsin______________middleofnowhere.9.Drivenbye-commerceandonlineshopping,theready-to-servefoodhasbecomepopulararoundthecountry.Sopeoplecaneasilyprepareheirfavoriteversionathome.Somepeopleevencookhotpotbasedonluosifen___________(them).10.Restorationwork_____________(it)requiresmoreskillsandknowledgethansimplebuilding,thusresultinginhighersalaries,whichalsocontributestotheeconomy.11.Suddenly,theyallranaway.Youwouldhaverun,too.Wearelatergenerationsofthosewhocopy___________(others)behavior.12.Thefirststampisnamed"GuoyunChanglong",whichmeansnationalfortuneandprosperity._____________describesastrongtigerstaringintothedistance,artisticallydisplayingthedeterminationandambitionofChinatodevelopitselfinthenewyear.13.Ifyoucomeacrossan85-year-oldwomanwalkingslowlywithawalkerintheChildren'sHospitalofSoochowUniversity,don'ttakeherasapatient.Insteadsheisadoctor,______________thatstillinsistsonworkinginthehospital.14.Shesaw146patientsfrom7:45a.m.to9:45p.m.thatday,eating_________exceptsomemilk.15.____________turnedoutthatwomenwhotookabout4,000stepsperdaygotaboostinlongevity,comparedwithwomenwhotookfewersteps.16.When___________comestoMicrosoft,thefirstpersonwethinkofisBillGates,theco-founderofthefirm.17.TheGreatWallofChina,____________ofthegreatest