2021-2022年陜西省商洛市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級

2021-2022年陜西省商洛市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Thegrowthofaglobalmilitarysystemis______.

2.

SomeoftheSun'sradiationthatisabsorbedbytheEarth'ssurfacebecomesheatenergyintheform.of______.

3.

Employeemoraleismostlyadverselyaffectedby______.

4.Agoodexerciseforpeoplewhoareregaininganormalconditionafteraninjurymaybe

5.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

PizzaHut

PizzaHutwasstartedin1958,bytwobrothersinWichita,Kansas.FrankandDanCarneyhadtheideatoopenapizzaparlor.Theyborrowed$600fromtheirmother,andopenedtheveryfirstPizzaHut.In1959,thefirstfranchiseunitopenedinTopeka,Kansas.Almostadecadelater,PizzaHutwouldbeservingonemillioncustomersaweekinits310locations.In1970,PizzaHutwasputontheNewYorkStockExchangeunderthetickersymbolPIZ.

In1986,PizzaHutintroduceddeliveryservice,somethingnootherrestaurantwasdoing.Bythe1990s'PizzaHutsaleshadreached$4billionworldwide.In1998,PizzaHutcelebratedits40thanniversary,andlauncheditsfamouscampaign"TheBestPizzasUnderOneRoof."In1996,PizzaHutsalesintheUnitedStateswereover$5million.Outofalltheexistingpizzachains,PizzaHuthadthelargestmarketshare,46.4%.However,PizzaHut'smarketsharehasslowlyerodedbecauseofintensecompetitionfromtheirrivalsDomino's,LittleCaesar'sandnewcomerPapaJohn's.Homedeliverywasadrivingforceforsuccess,especiallyforPizzaHutandDomino's.

However,thisforcedcompetitorstolookfornewmethodsofincreasingtheircustomerbases.Manypizzachainsdecidedtodiversifyandoffernewnon-pizzaitemssuchasbuffalowings,andItaliancheesebread.Thecurrenttrendinpizzachainstodayisthesame.Theyalltrytocomeupwithsomenewer,bigger,betterpizzaforalowprice.Offeringspecialpromotionsandnewpizzavariationsarepopulartodayaswell.Forexample,chickenisnowacommontoppingfoundonpizzas.

Inthepast,PizzaHuthasalwayshadthefirstmoveradvantage.Theirmarketingstrategyinthepasthasalwaysbeentobethefirst.Oneoftheirmainstrategiesthattheystillfollowtodayisthediversificationoftheproductstheyoffer.PizzaHutisalwaysaddingsomethingnewtotheirmenu,tryingtoreachnewmarkets.Forexample,in1992thefamousbuffetwaslaunchedinPizzaHutrestaurantsworldwide.Theyweretryingtooffermanydifferentfooditemsforcustomerswhodidn'tnecessarilywantpizza.

Anotherstrategytheyusedinthepastandarestillusingisthediversificationoftheirpizzas.PizzaHutisalwaystryingtocomeupwithsomeinnovativewaytomakeapizzaintosomethingslightlydifferent—differentenoughthatcustomerswillthinkit'sawholenewproduct.LookatsomeofthepizzasPizzaHuthasmarketedinthepast.In1983,PizzaHutintroducedtheirPanPizza,whichhadaguaranteeofbeingreadytoeatin5minuteswhendiningatPizzaHutrestaurants.In1993,theyintroducedthe"BigFoot",whichwastwosquarefeetofpizzacutinto21slices.In1995,theyintroduced"StuffedCrustPizza",wherethecrustwouldbefilledwithcheese.In1997,theymarketed"TheEdge",whichhadcheeseandtoppingsallthewaytotheedgeofthepizza.Currently,theyaremarketing"TheBigNewYorker,"tryingtobringthefamousNewYorkstyle.pizzatothewholecountry.

AnotheropportunitythatPizzaHuthasistheirneworderingonlinesystem.AnyonewithInternetaccesscanorderwhatevertheywishandgetitdeliveredtotheirhousewithoutevenspeakingtosomeone.Thisprogramhasjustbeenstarted,sowedonothaveanynumberstosupportwhetherornotitwillbeasuccess.

Lastly,PizzaHuthasalwaysvaluedcustomerserviceandsati

A.1958B.1959C.1969D.1970

6.

Weusedtobelievethatlifecouldnotexistunderextremelyhotorcoldenvironment.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.IsStressMakingYouFat?

TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble

Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.

Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.

Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)andinsulin(胰島素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefat,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.

Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeelgoodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.

Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷爾蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,bad-for-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.

MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor

Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.

Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.

Greenteacontainscatechins(兒茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.

SleepYourselfSlim

Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.

Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.

Variety:TheSpiceofLife?

Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.

Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike-saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andhav

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Insteadofincreasingkilojouleintake,apregnantwomanshouldconcentrateonincreasingher______.

9.

Themostimportantfactorsnecessarytolowerpopulationgrowthratesinthedevelopingworldare______.

10.

Duringthe19thcentury,naturalgaswasusedonalocalscalebecauseofthedifficultsituationin___________.

11.Foracompanyowner,unpleasanthumanresourcessituations______.

A.arenotdifficulttodealwith

B.shouldnotdrawmuchattention

C.canreducetheworkefficiency

D.arenecessaryforhis/hersuccess

12.

Adepressedpersonmightfeelhopeless,helplessandoverwhelmedifheisinclinedto______oflife.

13.

IntheUnitedStates,mostoftheelectricityisgeneratedfrom

14.

Flyingbridgemeansagoodcommunicationstyle.thatmadethescientificarticleseasytoberead.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

SinceNancyWoods'sparentsmovedintotheTorontonursinghometheybecamehealthier______.physically,buthadnewproblemswith______.

16.

The3Mtagline"Innovation"isconsideredgreat,foritmanagestoblendinthelinetheir______.

17.

OnthewaytoLochLomond,touristscanseelocalanimalslike______.

A.ordinarycattle

B.activegoats

C.recklesscattle

D.black-facedsheep

18.

Atthebakery,customerspurchased______.

19.

Large-packagepurchasecanbenefitlow-incomehouseholdsintheory,but.itseldomworksinreality.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Thelawsregulatethatthefosterparentshaveprioritiesinadoptingtheirfosterchild.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:Hello,Nancy.Iknowyouareoneofthefewwomantaxidriversinthecitynowandyoudriveforaliving.Whatmakeyouwanttobecomeataxidriverinthefirstplace?

W:ItookprideindrivingwellwhenIwasyoung,forIhadtowaituntilIhadacartolearntodrive.WhenIfinallylearned,itwassomethingIreallyenjoyedandstillenjoy;Irememberhowsmartthatdriverhadseemeddrivingsowellanddressedsoneatlyintheiruniforms.AndIthoughtI'dliketodothatmyself.

M:Youreallyenjoydriving,Isee.Andhowlonghaveyoubeenataxidriver?

M:Ithasbeenquitesometimealready,hasn'tit?

W:Yeah.

M:Then,whatdidyoufindthemostdifficultaboutbecomingataxidriver?

W:IcanstillrememberwhenIwaslearningtodrive.Itwasscary.Ididnotyetknowhowtojudgedistance,andwhenatruckcamenear.Itseemedlikeitswheelwouldjustcomingrightoverme.AnywaysoonIlearnedtojudgedistance.Ibeganlookingahead,stoppedworryingaboutthetruckwhichwasmovingoneitherside.

M:What'sthebestpartofyourjob?

W:IfoundthatwhatIlikethebestaboutthisjobwasbeingoutdoors,seeinghowthecitychangesfromseasontoseason,andthereareplacesI'veseenthatIwouldprobablyneverhaveseeninanotherjob.AndIloveallkindsofweather.I'dliketoleavethewindowdowninafinerain.Andthebeautifulsceneries,youknow...

(20)

A.Sheownedacar.

B.Shedrovewell.

C.Shelikeddrivers'uniforms.

D.Itwasherchildhooddream.

22.

【B7】

23.(29)

A.Noticethewaythepersonistalking.

B.Takeagoodlookatthepersontalking.

C.Mindhistone,hispostureandthelookinhiseyes.

D.Examinetherealmeaningofwhathesaysbasedonhismanner,histoneandhisposture.

24.聽力原文：W:IlikeMarieTherese.She'salotbetterthantheteacherwehadlastterm.

M:Well,thatwon'tbedifficult.Pierrewassuchabore—allhedidwasrambleonaboutgrammarallthetime.Wehardlygottosayaword.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?

(18)

A.Pierreistheirnewteacher.

B.TheylikeMariebetterthanPierre.

C.Theythinktheclassisveryboring.

D.Marieistheirlasttermteacher.

25.聽力原文：M:DoyoureallythinkbothJimandBrucedidthetranslationallbythemselves?

W:Itdoesn'tseemlikely.Don'tyouseenotonlythewaytheydiditbutalsothehandwritingismuchlikeJohn's?

Q:What'sthewoman'sopinion?

(13)

A.JimandBrucecopiedeachother'sassignments.

B.Bothoftheirhandwritingsaredifficulttoread.

C.JimandBrucedidtheassignmentsbythemselves

D.JohndidtheassignmentsforJimandBruce.

26.

【B3】

27.(25)

A.Lateinthemorning.

B.Earlyintheafternoon.

C.Sometimebeforedawn.

D.Shortlyaftersunrise.

28.(18)

A.Itwillbesunny.

B.Itwillbeverycold.

C.Itwillbewindy.

D.Itwillberainy.

29.

【B5】

30.聽力原文：M:IhavetogotoProfessorHudson'splacetodiscussmythesis.Butiftimeallowed,I'dgotothemovieswithyouwhenIcomebackthedorm.

W:It'stoobad.IamgoingtothecinemarightnowwithJane,andIdon'tthinkyoucouldmakeit.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

(19)

A.HeisgoingtoProfessorHudson'shome.

B.Heisgoingtothemovieswiththewoman.

C.HeisgoingtothecinemawithJane.

D.Heisgoingtothedormtowritehisthesis.

31.(36)

A.France.B.Russia.C.Poland.D.Germany.

32.

【B9】

33.(15)

A.Sellhistextbooks.

B.Getsomeextrahelp.

C.Gotothebank.

D.Applyforthejob

34.聽力原文：Yourassignmentsthistermwillbetowritetwomajorresearchpapers.Oneofthemostimportantthingsaboutwritingaresearchpaperisgivingpropercreditofyourresourcesofinformation.Failuretodothisiscalledplagiarismwhichisaform.ofintellectualdishonesty.

Plagiarismisakindofstealingoratleastanunauthorizedborrowingofsomeoneelse'sideas.Sometimesinexperiencedstudentswillplagiarizeunintentionally,andthenbesurprisedwhentheteacherwon'taccepttheirpapers,orgivesthemafailinggrade.

Thebestwaytoavoidanunintentionalplagiarizingistobeverycarefulingatheringyourinformation.Asyoutakenotesonbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutthetopicyou'veselected,firsttrytoassimilatetheinformationthoroughly.Secondly,writeitdowninyourownwords.Thisiscalledparaphrasing.Ifyoudoagoodjobofparaphrasing,you'llcapturethemainideafromyoursourcewithoutactuallyusinganyphrasesfromit.Mostofyournotesshouldprobablybeparaphrases.However,occasionallyyoumayfindsomethingyouwishtoquotedirectlyinyourresearchpaper.Inthiscase,besurethatyoucopythequotationpreciselyinyournotesandencloseitinquotationmarks.Thatwaywhenyou'refinalizingyourresearchpaper,you'llbeabletorememberwhichofyournotesaredirectquotesandwhichareyourownsummariesofthematerial.Youcanthenincorporatethemappropriatelyandgivetheoriginalauthorpropercredit.

32．Whatkindofassignmentdoesthespeakerdiscusswiththestudents?

33.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnthestudentsnottodo?

34.Accordingtothespeaker,howshouldmostofthenotesbetaken?

35.Howdoesthespeakersayadirectquotationshouldbeused?

(33)

A.Readingmagazinearticles.

B.Reviewingbookreports.

C.Writingresearchpapers.

D.Selectinginformationsources.

35.(35)

A.PeopleknowalmostnothingaboutShakespeare'searlylife.

B.ShakespearewasalreadywellknownbeforehewenttoLondon.

C.PeopleknowalotaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

D.PeopleknowonlyalittleaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

36.聽力原文：M：Hello,Mrs.Chris,mayIcomein?

W：Ah，comeinTom．Yourreportisinteresting．ThereareacoupleofthingsI'dliketocheckwithyou．Youmentionedseveralcountriesyou'dliketovisit，Czechoslovakiaagain，Hungary，Romania，Singapore，theGulfStates．Myfirstquestion：What'sthepriority?

M：Well，they'reallpotentiallyimportant．Myfeelingisthatweshouldactfast．(19)Ithinkafollow-upvisittoCzechoslovakiaisthepriority．

W：OK．Nextquestion．Whendoyouwanttogothere?

M：I'vegotalotofdeskworktofinishoffhere．(20)I'dliketogotowardstheendofthemonth．

W：Ifwesendyouthere，wouldyouliketogotoothereasterncountriesonthesametrip?

M：Yes，certainly．HungaryandpreferablyRomaniaaswell．

W：WhyareyousokeenonRomania?What'sgoingonthere?

M：(21)I'veheardthatmedicalfacilitiesarebeingexpandedquitefast．OfcourseI'dhavetodoagooddealofmarketresearch．

W:Um,whowouldbeourbiggestcompetitorsinHungaryandRomana?

M:SurprisinglymostofthestuffisinAlbania.TheAmericanshavegottheirfeetinbutonlyinasmallway.

W:Anotherquestion.Whatwillhappentooureasterncountriesbusiness,ifthepoundgotstronger?

M:Itwillhaveseriouseffectonexports,ofcourse.ButIdon'tthinkwecanmissthischancejustbecauseofthat.

W:Thenisthequestionofattitude.MediaPapaseemsverytough.Wouldtheyreallyhavecancelledtheorderifwehadn'tdeliveredontime?

M:It'shardtosay.Theyareverytough,somaybeyes.(22)That'swhyIwanttogothereagainandstrengthenourpersonalcontacts.

(23)

A.Romania.B.Hungary.C.Czechoslovakia.D.Albania.

37.(28)

A.The2000OlympicGames.

B.TheEuro2004internationalsoccercontest.

C.The2006OlympicGames.

D.BothB)andC).

38.聽力原文：M:Hi,Nancy.CouldIborrowsomemoneyuntilpayday?

W:Uh,yeah,Iguess.Howarethingsgoinganyway?

M:Well,notverywell.I'veusedmycreditcardstopayoffalotofthingsrecently,butnow,Ican'tseemtopaythemoneyoff.

W:Uh,doyouhaveabudget?Imean,howdoyoukeeptrackofyourincomeandexpenses?

M:No,butIguessIshouldhavesomefinancialplans.

W:Well,letmeseeifIcanhelpyou.Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonyourapartment?

M:Uh,Ipay$890onrentforthestudioapartmentdowntown,notincludingutilitiesandcableTV.Buttheplacehasanawesomeviewofthecity.

W:Uh,$890!Whyareyoupayingsomuchforsuchasmallplace,whenyoucouldfindacheaperonesomewhereoutsideofthedowntownarea?

M:Yeah,Iguess.

W:Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonentertainmentamonth?

M:Well,Ispendafewdollarshereandthereonbasketballandmovietickets,aconcertortwo,andballroomdancelessons.

W:Uh,exactlyhowmuchdoyouspendonallofthese?

M:Well,oh...about$400.

W:Nowonderyou'rehavingmoneyproblems.Youcan'tjustblowyourmoneyonthingslikethat!Andwhatabouttransportation?

M:Oh,Icommutetoworkeverydayinmynewsportscar,butIgotagreatdeal,andmymonthlypaymentsareonly$450.

W:Well,Ithinkyou'vegottoreduceyourspending,oryou'llendupbroke.Isuggestyougetridofyourcreditcards,cutdownonyourentertainmentexpenses,andsellyourcar.Takepublictransportationfromnowon.

(20)

A.Howtoborrowmoneyfromfriends.

B.Howtoreduceexpensesontransportation.

C.Howtoworkoutafinancialplan.

D.Howtorentacheapapartment.

39.

【B8】

40.聽力原文：W:Hello,Tom.ThisisMary.Sorrytobotheryou,butI'mhavingasmallproblemwithwhichIhopeyoumightbeabletohelpme.

M:Sure,Mary.What'sup?

W:Well,youknowSusanandImoveintoanoff-campusapartmentinthefallonthewestsideoftown.Anyway,we'vebeenhappywithituntilthepastcoupleofmonths.

M:Yeah.Whathappened?

W:Well,thedishwasherbrokedown.SowereportedittoMs.Black,theowner,andshesaidshe'dtakecareofit.Butamonthwentbyandnothinghappened.

M:Didyougetbackintouchwithher?

W:Igotarepairmantogivemeanestimate.ThenIsentittoMs.Black.WhenIdidn'thearfromherforanothermonth,Ihadtherepairdone.ThenextmonthIdeductedthecostfromtherentcheck.

M:Sowhat'stheproblem?

W:Whenthelandladycalledus,shewasmadasahornet.Shesaidshecouldhavegottentherepairdoneformuchlessmoney.Nowshe'sthreateningtoevictusfornotpayingthefullrent.

M:Holdon,Mary.Itdoessoundprettyserious.ButI'msureyoucanailsitdownandworkthisout.

W:Well,youareoveratthelawschool.SoIwonderedifyouwouldmindcomingtojoinusintalkingtoMs.Black.SusanandIaresupposedtomeetwithhertomorrownightateight.

M:Sure.Ihaven'tstudiedalotaboutcontractsbutI'dbegladtohelpyoustraightenthingsout.Whydon'tIstopbyat7:30p.m.?

W:Thanks,Tom.You'realifesaver.

(23)

A.Theapartmentistoofarfromthecampus.

B.Thedishwasherbrokedown.

C.She'shavingtroublewiththeowneroftheapartment.

D.Herroommatewon'tshareexpenses.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehavior.ofmostpeople.

"Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespots(暴君)likeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudesstemfromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNazis(納粹分子)wereindoctrinated(灌輸)largelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.

Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordstheyrespect.

Anotherreasonwhyitistrueisthatpupilsoftenexploresomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.

Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies,sciencemattersofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheintroductionofproperemotionalreactions.

However,whenchildrencometoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbysweet-talkingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.

Toillustrate,first-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.

Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbedeleterious(有害的)ifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionsasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.

Thecentralideaconveyedinthepassageisthat______.

A.attitudesaffectouractions

B.teachersplayasignificantroleindevelopingorchangingpupils'attitudes

C.attitudescanbechangedbysomeclassroomexperiences

D.theelementaryschoolisamoreeffectivemilieu(環(huán)境)fordevelopingwholesomeattitudesthanhighschoolorcollege

42.

Theperiodof______growthofeconomycontinuedfrom1820tilltheendofthenineteenthcentury.

43.

Inthecontinuousprocessofchanges,theoriginalcomputingplatform.---themainframe.nowisbeingpushedasideby______.

44.

Whatwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigerationaccordingtothepassage?

45.Lifeonearthdependsonwater,andthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater-whetherfordrinking,agriculture,industryortheraisingoffish-willalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise,therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequitable(平衡的)accesstowaterormoredrasticengineeringsolutions.

Lookingattheengineeringsolutionfirst,alotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasins,particularlyinAfrica.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalregimeoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadam,yougenerallywreckthedownstreamecology.Inthepast,suchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.Butinthiscentury,governmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorance.

Theengineers'abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfish,lessgrazingandlessfloodplain(泛濫平原)agriculture,noneofwhichwereanticipated.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon'texistforever,butwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.

Thechallengeforthenextdecadeistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnologywillallowustobreedbetterdry-landcrops,thereisnomarketincentiveforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfrica.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?

Thisbringsustothekeyissueinanydiscussionofwater:money.Totalkaboutawatercrisiscoversdifficultproblemssuchaspoverty.InthenextdecadeeveryhouseholdinBritainwillhaveawatermeter,andwewillpayforwhatweusejustaswedoforgasorelectricity.ThatcanberesolvedandasimilarsystemwilleventuallybeadoptedacrossEuropeandtheUS.ButconsidertheproblemsofwatersupplyinMexicoCityorDelhi.Ifyou'rerich,youdrinkmineralwaterandmayevenhaveaswimming-pool—yetmillionsinsuchcitiescan'tgetsafedrinkingwater.Thereisacomingwatercrisiswhichisoneforthepoor.

Theword"premise"(Para.1)probablymeans"______".

A.assumptionB.promiseC.needD.crisis

46.

【C8】

47.

Whatneedstooccurforthegoalsofthefourthwomen'sconferencetoberealized?

A.Legislationscallingfortheadvancementofwomenshouldbeenforced.

B.Createaclimatethatallowsandencouragessocialdevelopmentonanationalscale.

C.CreatenewtechnologicalopportunitiesforwomeninChina.

D.AbolisheconomicbarriersbetweenChinaandtheWest.

48.(52)

49.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthereconstructionofThePentagonandtheWorldTradeCentre?

A.Supporting.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.

50.TheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersisinvestigatingwhethersomebrokeragehousesareinappropriatelypushingindividualstoborrowlargesumsontheirhousestoinvestinthestockmarket.Canwepersuadetheassociationtoinvestigatewould-beprivatizersofSocialSecurity?ForitisnowapparentthattheBushadministration'sprivatizationproposalwillamounttothesamething,borrowtrillions,putthemoneyinthestockmarketandhope.

Privatizationwouldbeginbydivertingpayrolltaxes,whichpayforcurrentSocialSecuritybenefits,intopersonalinvestmentaccounts.Thegovernmentwouldhavetoborrowtomakeuptheshortfall.Thiswouldsharplyincreasethegovernment'sdebt."Nevermind,"privatizati