衛(wèi)星通信的信道測(cè)量和建模

衛(wèi)星通信信道的建模和測(cè)量_、通信衛(wèi)星分類衛(wèi)星可以分類的方式有很多種，這里只列出常見的分類。1.1軌位衛(wèi)星可以根據(jù)軌道的高度分為以下幾種。其中，近地軌道衛(wèi)星(Landmobilesatellite-LMS)為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樵诟哕壩簧?，衛(wèi)星信道更加趨近于高斯信道。而在低軌位工作的衛(wèi)星，由于其運(yùn)動(dòng)性，會(huì)存在遮擋、時(shí)變、多徑效應(yīng)和多普勒效應(yīng)。LEO(lowearthorbit):160~2000kmMEO(mediumearthorbit):2000~36000kmHEO(highearthorbit):>36000kmGEO(geostationaryorbit):36000km1.2頻段按照衛(wèi)星工作的頻段，一般可以分為以下幾類。其中，在衛(wèi)星信道測(cè)量上，要特別考慮高頻段所帶來的陰影衰落，以及天氣狀況。工作在ka波段的衛(wèi)星，雨衰嚴(yán)重。L-band:0.3~3GS-band:2-4GC-band:4~8GX-band:8~12GKu-band:12~18GKa-band:27~40G1.3服務(wù)區(qū)域根據(jù)衛(wèi)星服務(wù)的區(qū)域不同，又可以把衛(wèi)星分為以下幾類。如果衛(wèi)星服務(wù)的區(qū)域在城區(qū)，則遮擋會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。而在空曠的郊區(qū)，則遮擋會(huì)相應(yīng)變少。另外，最近有些工作是測(cè)量熱帶區(qū)域的衛(wèi)星信道，主要是因?yàn)闊釒^(qū)域天氣多變，因此，有必要單獨(dú)考慮。RuralSuburbanUrbanTropicalarea1.4極化方式根據(jù)衛(wèi)星的極化方式不同，又可以把衛(wèi)星分為多極化和雙極化衛(wèi)星。Single-polarizedDual-polarized目前，大部分信道建?；蛘邷y(cè)量都是選擇其中的一個(gè)子集，作為研究對(duì)象。比如，研究近地軌道衛(wèi)星在Ka波段下城區(qū)的信道的測(cè)量和建模。就調(diào)研的結(jié)果來看，現(xiàn)在大部分文獻(xiàn)都集中在低軌衛(wèi)星條件下，研究衛(wèi)星信道的測(cè)量和建模。主要是由于低軌衛(wèi)星高度低，衛(wèi)星運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快，當(dāng)最小通信仰角為10°，衛(wèi)星軌道高度為1300km時(shí)，用戶看到衛(wèi)星升起到衛(wèi)星落下的持續(xù)時(shí)間在10分鐘左右。因此在用戶的一次呼叫過程中用戶與衛(wèi)星之間的仰角變化很快且變化范圍大。因而，在研究信道模型時(shí)，必須研究通信全仰角下的信道模型。多數(shù)研究都是假設(shè)在大部分時(shí)間內(nèi)衛(wèi)星和移動(dòng)臺(tái)之間存在直射分量;由于建筑物和樹木等物體的遮蔽，存在陰影效應(yīng)；由于信號(hào)的反射、散射和繞射造成的多徑交攵應(yīng)；由于衛(wèi)星和移動(dòng)臺(tái)間的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)形成的多普勒效應(yīng)。所以，移動(dòng)衛(wèi)星通信信道的特點(diǎn)可以歸納為：時(shí)變、多徑效應(yīng)、陰影效應(yīng)和多普勒效應(yīng)。在衛(wèi)星信道建模和測(cè)量中，比較有代表性的研究是C.Loo[1]和Lutz[2]等人的工作。Loo模型假設(shè)信道由直射分量和散射分量組成。其中直射分量(LOScomponent)服從log-normal分布，而多徑分量服從瑞利分布。Lutz通過對(duì)信道處在不同狀態(tài)的概率的研究，提出了基于markov鏈的信道模型。大部分論文都是針對(duì)不同的衛(wèi)星、不同的地理環(huán)境，通過測(cè)量或者改進(jìn)他人的信道模型，得到不同的有針對(duì)性的衛(wèi)星信道模型。比如，很多論文都是應(yīng)用C.Loo的基本模型，但是采用其他概率分布來滿足不同場景下的信道特性?；蛘?，通過狀態(tài)細(xì)分，擴(kuò)展Lutz模型，建立更加準(zhǔn)確的反映實(shí)際衛(wèi)星信道的模型。2.0綜述類文獻(xiàn)Karaliopoulos,M.S.andF.-N.Pavlidou(1999)."Modellingthelandmobilesatellitechannel:areview."Electronics&CommunicationEngineeringJournal235-248.Loo,C.andJ.S.Butterworth(1998)."Landmobilesatellitechannelmeasurementsandmodeling."ProceedingsoftheTEE16:1442-1463.Lutz,E.(2012)."ModellingoftheSatelliteCommunicationsChaliitflEmphasisontheLandMobileSatelliteChannel."TnvitedLecture.2.1衛(wèi)星信道測(cè)量和建模的有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)StatisticalModelAbdi,A.,etal.(2003)."Anewsimplemodelforlandmobilesatellitechannels:first-andsecond-orderstatistics."TEEETransactionsonWirelessCommunicatiior519-528.Cheffena,M.,etal.(2012)."LandMobileSatelliteDualPolarizedMTMOChannelAlongRoadsideTrees:ModelingandPerformanceEvaluation."TEEETransactionsonAntennasandPropagation60:597-605.Corazza,G.E.,etal.ARice-lognormalterrestrialandsatellitechannelmodel._ceedingsof19943rdTEEEInternationalConferenceonUniversalPersonalCommunications,IEEE-159.Corazza,G.E.andF.Vatalaro(1994)."Astatisticalmodelforlandmobilesatellitechannelsanditsapplicationtonongeostationaryorbitsystems."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology43:738-742.ChannelcharacteristicsanalysisofthedualcircularpolarizedlandmobilesatelliteMIMOradiochannel.2011IEEE-APSTopicalConferenceonAntennasandPropagationinWirelessCommunications,IEEE:781-784.Fontan,F.P.(2010)."Channelmodelingforlandmobilesatelliteservices."AntennasandPropagation(EuCAP),2010ProceedingsoftheFourthEuropeanConferenceon:1-5.Hazra,S.andA.Mitra(2012)."Additivestatisticalmodellingoflandmobilesatellitechannelsinthree-dimensionalscatteringenvironment."IETCommunicat6on2361-2370.Kanellopoulos,S.A.,etal.(2014)."ChannelModelforSatelliteCommunicationLinksAbove10GHzBasedonWeibullDistribution."IEEECommunicationsLett18s568-571.Li,W.,etal.(2001)."Ka-bandlandmobilesatellitechannelmodelincorporatingweathereffects."IEEECommunicationsLetters194-196.Li,W.,etal.Ka-bandlandmobilesatellitechannelmodel:withrainattenuationandotherweatherimpairmentsinequatorialzone._VTC2000-Spring._ularTechnologyConferenceProceedings(Cat.No.00CH37026),IEEE.3:2468-2472.Li,X.andS.WuAgeneralizedmodelformobilesatellitechannelsandperformanceanalysis.InternationalConferenceonCommunicationTechnologyProceedings,2003._03.,BeijingUniv.Posts&Telecommun.Pres2:1070-1073.Li,Y.,etal.(2007).Onthesecond-orderstatisticsofanewfadingmodelforlandmobilesatellitechannels._IETConferenceonWireless,MobileandSensorNetworks2007(CCWMSN07),IEE.2007:12-15.Liolis,K.P.,etal.(2007).OntheRelationbetweenMobilityandRainfallEffectsinKu/Ka-bandLine-of-SightLandMobileSatelliteChannels:AnAnalyticalStatisticalApproach.2007InternationalWorkshoponSatelliteandSpaceCommunications,IEE-30.Liolis,K.P.,etal.(2010)."StatisticalModelingofDual-PolarizedMIMOLandMobileSatelliteChannels."IEEETransactionsonCommiinications58:3077-3083.Loo,C.(1985)."Astatisticalmodelforalandmobilesatellitelink."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology34:122-127.Lutz,E.(2012)."ModellingoftheSatelliteCommunicationsChaWiitilEmphasisontheLandMobileSatelliteChannel.Lutz,E.(2013).Modellingofthelandmobilesatellitecommunicationschannel._013IEEE-APSTopicalConferenceonAntenna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