八年級被動語態(tài)與練習

初中英語

被動語態(tài)1第一頁，共55頁。

同學們，初中階段的八種時態(tài)我們已經(jīng)學完了。時態(tài)表示的是動作在什么樣的時間之下發(fā)生的，強調(diào)的是時間概念，所以關(guān)于這八種時態(tài)的各自時間狀語大家一定要記準。今天我們來學習語態(tài)。什么是語態(tài)呢？語態(tài)有幾種呢？導(dǎo)入：2第二頁，共55頁。

語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和動詞之間的關(guān)系。

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

主動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的承受者。

被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

英語語態(tài)3第三頁，共55頁。表格：被動態(tài)根本結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時am/is/are+donewas/were+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+doneshall/willbe+donewouldbe+donehave/hasbeen

+

donehadbeen

+

done4第四頁，共55頁。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是必須背下來的。結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞

Thebasketcanbe

carriedbyhim.5第五頁，共55頁。一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語

賓變主,主變賓,前加by“被〞(假設(shè)動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明那么可以省略該by短語)。主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)6第六頁，共55頁。主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動詞的時態(tài)----即be動詞的時態(tài).4.修改謂語的時態(tài)----即原句動詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語----即by+賓語.bythem.7第七頁，共55頁。[注意]

①把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。②如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞by的賓語，要用賓格。如主語we改為us。8第八頁，共55頁。

把以下主動句改為被動句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主動)

②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.〔主動〕

③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.〔主動〕

→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.9第九頁，共55頁。

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

10第十頁，共55頁。提問：當句中有時間狀語或者地點狀語時，時間狀語或者地點狀語位置放在哪呢？如：They

make

shoesinthatfactory.？？？11第十一頁，共55頁。1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語〕+am/is/are+過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)注意：當時間狀語和地點狀語都出現(xiàn)時，時間狀語放在句子最末尾。12第十二頁，共55頁。Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.13第十三頁，共55頁。WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.14第十四頁，共55頁。Weusually

hearhimplayinthenextroom.He

isusuallyheardto

playinthenextroom.15第十五頁，共55頁。He

boughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.雙賓語的兩種做法16第十六頁，共55頁。4．Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情態(tài)動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞介詞一定不能丟掉?。?！17第十七頁，共55頁。Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.18第十八頁，共55頁。Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.19第十九頁，共55頁?！癢emustputtheminthefridge.〞Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.〞Thedogsthought.20第二十頁，共55頁。3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞21第二十一頁，共55頁。Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.22第二十二頁，共55頁。Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進行時：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞23第二十三頁，共55頁。They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.24第二十四頁，共55頁。We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞25第二十五頁，共55頁。Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.26第二十六頁，共55頁。We

hadreceived

manylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manyletters

hadbeenreceived

bytheendoflastweek.27第二十七頁，共55頁。They

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.28第二十八頁，共55頁。1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)〕七嘴八舌29第二十九頁，共55頁。3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.30第三十頁，共55頁。5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused使讓動詞的被動語態(tài)后面要接todo.即：makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.31第三十一頁，共55頁。7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished32第三十二頁，共55頁。9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous33第三十三頁，共55頁。10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone34第三十四頁，共55頁。12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken35第三十五頁，共55頁。14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem36第三十六頁，共55頁。學習被動語態(tài)要注意以下難點1、被動語態(tài)介詞固定搭配不能省略。2、不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。3、帶雙賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)有兩種方法。4、連系動詞+adj,用主動式表被動義。

5、表示主語的屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動式表被動義。37第三十七頁，共55頁。38第三十八頁，共55頁。在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題

在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動變被動的方法。下面我們接著學習在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。

①一些使役動詞(let,have,make等)或感觀動詞(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，doing保持不變。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主動)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動)39第三十九頁，共55頁。使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth40第四十頁，共55頁。把以下句子改為被動語態(tài)1.Weplantmanytreeseveryyear.Manytreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.2.Hismothermadehimwashhisownclothesattheageof10.Hewasmadetowashhisownclothesbyhismotherattheageof10.41第四十一頁，共55頁。1.被動語態(tài)介詞固定搭配不能省略。Hehasthoughtofawayofsolvingtheproblem.Whathappened?(對〕Whatwashappened?〔錯〕Awayofsolvingtheproblemhasbeenthoughtof.2.happen/takeplace/arrive/become/die等

不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)42第四十二頁，共55頁。3.帶雙賓語的動詞give/send/bring/take/teach/show/tell/make/sing/write/sell/buy/ask/pay/borrow/lend變被動語態(tài)有兩種方法：〔2〕=Thebookhasbeengiventohim.〔1〕=Hehasbeengiventhebook.Ihavegivenhimthebook.43第四十三頁，共55頁。表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞+adj./n.,用主動式表被動義。5)表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞+adj,用主動式表被動義。

(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,...)Thesteelfeelscold．Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Thatdoglooks

dangerous.44第四十四頁，共55頁。表示主語的屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動式表被動義6)表示主語的屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動式表被動義。(read,write,set,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,...)Thepenwritessmoothly．Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thisshirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.45第四十五頁，共55頁。①Theysetupthefactoryin2000.Thefactorywassetupin2000.②OurschoolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember.TheSchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember.③Peoplehavetalkedabouttheaccident.Theaccidenthasbeen

talkedabout.④Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.46第四十六頁，共55頁。帶有雙賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的使用。有些動詞可以帶兩個賓語，即指人的間賓和指物的直賓?？梢詫⑵渲幸粋€賓語提到前面做主語，另一個留在后面。①Herparentsboughtheranewcomputeryesterday.Shewasboughtanewcomputeryesterday.Anewcomputerwasbought

forheryesterday.②Theyhavegivenmesomegoodadvice.Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice.Somegoodadvicehasbeengiven

tome.③ShewillwritealonglettertoDavidSmith.AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidSmith.DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter.

buysthforsbgivesthtosb47第四十七頁，共55頁。48第四十八頁，共55頁。帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等帶雙賓語的動詞，改為被動語態(tài)，當用直接賓語作主語時，要根據(jù)動詞的習慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞to或for.①givesthtosb=givesbsth ②buysthforsb=buysbsth③sellsthtosb=sellsbsth ④takesthtosb=takesbsth⑤bringsthtosb=bringsbsth ⑥makesthforsb=makesbsth⑦handsthtosb=handsbsth ⑧passsthtosb=passsbsth⑨keepsthforsb=keepsbsth ⑩sendsthtosb=sendsbsth例：①Hepassedmesomepaper.(主動)Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim.〔被動〕②Youmustkeepsomefruitforhim.(主動)Somefruitmustbekeptforhim.〔被動〕49第四十九頁，共55頁。翻譯以下句子電視機關(guān)掉了。

TheTVsetwasturnedoff.2.那小偷被抓住了。

Thethiefwascaught.3.所有的窗戶都被打破了。

Allthewindowswerebroken.50第五十頁，共55頁。FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.

1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.

2、Chinese__________(speak)inChina.

3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.

4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.

5、Thecars__________(make)inBeijing.isgrownis

spokenis

usedis

cleanedare

made51第五十一頁，共55頁。歸納總結(jié)方法把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“、、〞來進行。即：①變－