牛津譯林版中考復習講義之動名詞不定式以及練習

中考復習之動名詞，不定式以及練習動名詞知識點以及練習語法要點動名詞是非謂語動詞的一種,不僅具有動詞的性質(zhì),還具有名詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓語補足語等。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。一、動名詞的作用1.作主語Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.吸煙對你身體不好。Fishingcangivepeoplealotoffun.釣魚為人們提供了很多樂趣。2.作賓語①作某些謂語動詞的賓語。常見的這些動詞主要有:keep(保持),finish(結(jié)束),enjoy(喜歡),advise(勸告),suggest(建議),mind(介意),practise(練習),consider(考慮),imagine(想象),allow(準許),can'thelp(禁不住)等。Ihavefinisheddoingmyhomework.我已經(jīng)寫完了作業(yè)。Hedidenjoyswimming.他的確喜歡游泳。②作介詞的賓語。Maryisgoodatdancing.瑪麗擅長跳舞。Iamlookingforwardtomeetingyouagainsoon.我盼望著早日再次見到你。3.作定語Thereisaswimmingpoolbehindourschool.我們學校后面有一個游泳池。Isawherinthereadingroomyesterday.我昨天在閱覽室里看見了她。4.作表語Hisjobistellingstoriestochildren.他的工作是給孩子們講故事。Hisfavoritesportisplayingfootball.他最喜愛的運動是踢足球。二、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.時態(tài)如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,這時候需要使用動名詞的完成時,其構(gòu)成是having+過去分詞。Ireallyregrethavingdonesuchasillything.我真后悔干了這樣的傻事。(傻事已經(jīng)做過了,現(xiàn)在感到后悔。)Heforgothavingturnedoffthelight.他忘記已經(jīng)把燈關(guān)掉了。(關(guān)燈的動作發(fā)生在forget之前。)2.語態(tài)當動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞的接受者而不是發(fā)起者時,這時候需要使用動名詞的被動形式。動名詞被動形式的構(gòu)成是being+過去分詞。Hecouldnotbearbeingmadefooloflikethis.他不能忍受別人這樣戲弄他。Uponbeingquestioned,hedeniedhavingwrittenthearticle.在被盤問時,他不承認寫過這篇文章。三、動名詞的否定形式動名詞的否定形式是在動名詞前(完成形式在having前,被動形式在being前,加否定詞not.Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?你介意不在這里吸煙嗎?Hesaidsorryfornotansweringmyquestion.他因為沒有回答我的問題說對不起。四、既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞1.常見的既可接動名詞,又可接不定式、且含義相同的動詞這類動詞主要有:like(喜歡),love(喜歡),hate(僧恨),prefer(寧可),begin(開始),start(開始),continue(繼續(xù))等。Helikesswimming.Helikestoswim.他喜歡游泳。Hebegandoinghishomeworktenminutesago.Hebegantodohishomeworktenminutesago.他十分鐘前開始寫作業(yè)。2.常見的既可接動名詞又可接不定式但含義不同的動詞這類動詞主要有:stop,remember,forget,try,regret,以及動詞短語goon①stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”stoptodosth.表示“停下(一件事)而去做另外一件事”Stoptalking,please.請不要說話了!Shestoppedtotalk.她停了下來,開始說話。②rememberdoingsth.表示“記著做過某事(已做)”remembertodosth.表示“記住去做某事(將要去做)”Irememberturningoffthelight.我記得關(guān)過燈了。Pleasedoremembertoturnoffthelight.千萬記著要去關(guān)燈。③forgetdoingsth.表示“忘記曾做了某事(已做過了)”forgettodosth.表示“忘記要去做某事(還沒有做)”Iforgetpayingthebill.我忘了已經(jīng)付過錢了。Iforgettopaythebill.我忘了去付錢了。④regretdoingsth.表示“后悔做過了某事”regrettodosth.表示“遺憾要去做某事”Iregrettedtellinghimthetruth.我后悔告訴了他事情的真相。Iregrettotellyouthatyourmotherisseriouslyill.我非常遺憾地告訴你你媽媽病得很重。⑤trydoingsth.表示“試著做某事”trytodosth.表示“設(shè)法去做,努力去做”ItriedwritinglettersinEnglish.我試著用英語寫信。Iwilltrytoansweryourquestionsnextweek.我將設(shè)法下周回答你的問題。⑥goondoingsth.表示“繼續(xù)做原來做的事”goontodosth.表示“做完某事后接著做另一件”Hewentontellinghisstories.他接著講他的故事。Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentontoreadnovel.做完作業(yè)后,他接著讀小說。習題1.Wouldyoumind_______doorforme?Itisverycold.A.closeB.closingC.closedD.toclose2.Iamlookingforwardto_______thearmy.A.joinB.joinedC.joiningD.tojoin3.Theteacheraskedme_______itagain.A.nottodoB.tonotdoC.notdoingD.doingnot4.Myfatherreallyenjoys________afterdinnereventhoughheknows______isnotgoodforhishealth.A.smoking;smokeB.smoke;smokingC.smoking;smokedD.smoking;smoking5.WhenIgothome,Ifoundmysonwasbusy_______hishomework.A.doB.didC.ondoingD.indoing6.Wemustpreventourfather________.A.nottosmokeB.fromsmokingC.donotsmokeD.forsmoking7.Itisclearthatnooneenjoys__________.A.laughatB.laughingatC.tobelaughedatD.beinglaughedat8.Ihavetoldyoumanytimesthatnoonewouldlike________.A.tobekeptwaitingB.beingkepttowaitC.keepingtowaitD.tokeeptowaiting9.Myradioneeds_______,soIaskmyfathertohaveit______.A.repair;repairB.repairing;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.repaired;repaired10.Afterfinishinghiswork,hewenton_______ane-mailtohispenfriend.A.sendB.tosendC.sendingD.sent11.-Didyouturnoffthelight?-Letmethinkitover.Oh,yes.Iremembered________light.A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.havingturnedoffD.turnoff12.Whenyouleaveforschool,pleaseremember_______thedoor.A.tolockB.lockingC.lockD.locked13.Youshouldstayathomeinsteadof______outbecauseitisraininghard.A.goB.togoC.togoingD.going14.Ican'tmakemyself_____becausemyEnglishneeds______.A.understood;improvingB.understand;improvedC.understood;improvedD.understanding;improving15.Shewasafraid________fired.A.beB.beingC.ofbeingD.tobeing16.It'snouse_____withhimoverthismatter.A.talkB.talkingC.talkedD.totalk17.Ileftthepartywithout_________good-byetoanybody.A.sayB.saidC.tosayD.saying18.Peoplepreferdrivingto_____.A.walkingB.walkC.walkedD.towalk19.Thegirlwasveryangryat_______thateveníng.A.beingnotinvitedB.notbeinginvitedC.notinvitedD.benotinviting20.Theteacherstoppedthestranger______theclassroom.A.toenterB.tohaveenteredD.entersC.entering動詞不定式知識點以及練習語法要點動詞不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式,通常由加動詞原形構(gòu)成。它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制,并保留了動詞的某些特點,可以有自己的狀語、補足語箏。此外,不定式還可以有邏輯上的主語以及時態(tài)和語態(tài)上的變化。一、動詞不定式的作用1.作主語Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonearth.愛與被愛是人世間最大的快樂。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。2.作賓語Heofferedtogowithus.他提出要和我們一起走。Iprefertocalloffthemeetingbecauseoftherain.因為下雨,我傾向于取消會議。Hepromisednottotellanybodyaboutit.他保證不跟任何人說這件事情。3.作表語Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。(此句的主語為不定式,表語也為不定式。)Thegreatesthappinessistoworkforthepeople.最大的快樂就是為大家工作。4.作賓語補足語Iwantmysontobecomealawyer.我想讓我的兒子成為一名律師。Itoldhimtogothereatonce.我叫他馬上到那里去。5.作定語Heusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.他通常晚上有很多會議要參加。Theteacherassignedustwoexercisestodoatnome.老師給我們布置了兩個家庭作業(yè)。6.作狀語不定式作狀語時可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。在充當表示原因、結(jié)果的狀語時,不可置于句首。Someeattolive,andsomelivetoeat.有些人為了生存面吃飯,有些人為了吃飯而生存。We'renotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.我們不是傻瓜,不會相信他的。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.他太年輕,不能參軍。Totell(you)thetruth,Idon'tlikehim.跟你講實話,我不宮次他。二、不定式與it1.不定式與形式主語it形式主語it代替不定式主語,從而使整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)比較平衡。如果需要表明不定式這個動作是誰做的,可以在不定式前加一個for來引導邏輯主語。ItisimpossibletoexplainwhatImean.=ToexplainwhatImeanisimpossible.很難解釋清楚我的意思。Itisverydifficultformetodothejob.=Todothejobisverydifficultforme.對我來說,完成這項工作很難。2.不定式與形式賓語it形式賓語it代替不定式賓語,而把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后。Hethoightitagreatpitynottoinviteher.=Hethoughtthatnottoinviteherwasagreatpity.他認為沒有邀請她是一大遺憾Ifinditverydifficulttofinishthework.=Ifindthattofinishtheworkisverydifficult.我感覺完成這項工作很難。三、不定式to的省略1.在帶有復合賓語的某些動詞和動詞短語后需要省略不定式。這些動詞和動詞短語主要有:have,make,let,feel,see,hear,observe，watch,hear,listento,lookat等。Shealwaysmakesherhusbandcookthemeal.她總是讓丈夫做飯。Whynotlethergo?為什么不讓她去?2.在and,or,than后需要省略不定式。兩個動詞不定式由and,or,than連接在一起時,第二個動詞不定式常常不帶to。Doyouwantohavelunchnoworwaittilllater?你現(xiàn)在吃午飯還是等晚一點再吃?I'dliketoliedownandgotosleep.我寧愿躺下來睡覺。四、不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)1.時態(tài)①不定式的一般現(xiàn)在時表示與主要謂語動詞所表示的動作,狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生,或之后發(fā)生。Iamgladtomeetyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。Theyarrangedtostartearly.他們安排早點開始。②不定式的進行時如果謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生時,不定式所表示的動作正在進行,這時要使用不定式的進行時。Wedidn'texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.我們沒有想到你會在這里等著我們。Idon'twantyoutobewastingyourtimelikethis.我不希望你如此浪費你的時間。③不定式的完成時如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,不定式要用完成時。1amgladtohaveseenyourfather.我很高興見過你的爸爸。1amsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.我很抱歉給你帶了這么多麻煩。2.語態(tài)當不定式的邏輯主語是該動詞不定式所表示動作的承受者時,不定式要用被動形式。Itisagreathonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.在這里被邀請發(fā)言對我來說是莫大的榮幸Hewantedhislettertobesentatonce.他希望他的信馬上被寄走。習題1.Shewasthefirstwoman______tothecommittee.A.tobeelectedB.waselectedC.whichshewaselectedD.forhertobeelected2.Ifyoupromise_____angrywithme,IwilltellyouwhatIhavedone.A.getnotB.notgetC.nottogetD.notgetting3.Thisbookissaid_______intodozensoflanguages.A.tohavebeentranslatedB.totranslateC.tobetranslatedD.tohavetranslated4.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut_____thepolice.A.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin5.IfIhadremembered______thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.A.tocloseB.closingC.tohaveclosedD.havingclosed6.I'dratherreadthanwatchtelevision.Theprogramsseem______allthetime.A.togetworseB.tohavegotworseC.tobegettingworseD.gettingworse7.Thesailordidnothingbut______thefood.A.complainaboutB.complainedaboutC.tocomplainaboutD.hadbeencomplainingabout8.-WhatshallItellthem?-You_____thatI'lseethemnow.A.hadbettertellB.hadbettersayC.hadbettertotellD.hadbettertosay9.______,wehadtochangeourseats.A.TogetabetterviewofthestageB.GettingabetterviewC.HavinggotabetterviewofthestageD.Gotwithabetterview10.Theyneededtowalkfaster_______.A.toarrivebytheirhomeintimeB.arrivingtheirhomeontimeC.toreachtheirhomeontimeD.reachingtheirhomeontime11.Johnsaidthathehadtoruninorder___