高一英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)必修2unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

------------------------------------------------------------------------高一英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)必修2unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)單元知識(shí)梳理和能力組合知識(shí)盤點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞匯1.survive幸存，經(jīng)歷…而活著2.amaze使驚訝3.select精選4.design設(shè)計(jì)5.fancy奇異的6.style風(fēng)格7.remove除去8.doubt懷疑9.reception接待10.light點(diǎn)燃11.wonder驚奇12.evidence證據(jù)13.trial嘗試；審判14.explode爆炸15.sink下沉16.debate辯論短語(yǔ)1.belongto屬于2.insearchof搜尋3.inreturn作為回報(bào)4.atwar交戰(zhàn)5.takeapart拆開(kāi)6.thinkhighlyof高度評(píng)價(jià)7.beusedtodo被用來(lái)做8.ratherthan而不是9.morethan不僅僅10.lessthan少于11.careabout在乎12.add…to…增加13.agreewith同意14.seeforoneself親自看15.atthattime在那時(shí)16.serveas充當(dāng)17.bythelightof借著…的光18.bedesignedfor為…而設(shè)計(jì)19.nodoubt無(wú)疑20.theentranceto通往…的入口句型Thereisnodoubtthat…:毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，…Ittakessomebodysometimetodosomething.做某事花某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Thiswasatimewhen…在這個(gè)時(shí)期…Itcanbeprovedthat…可以證明，…can’thavedonesomething不可能做過(guò)某事能力拓展1.Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?已經(jīng)存在很久就夠了嗎？survivevi/vt比...活得長(zhǎng)；經(jīng)歷...后依然活著;經(jīng)受得住(1)Herparentsdiedintheaccident,butshesurvived.她的父母死于車禍，而她卻幸免于難。(2)Theseplantscannotsurviveinverycoldconditions.這些植物不能在寒冷的條件下存活。(3)Thefamilyarestrugglingtosurviveonverylittlemoney.這家人靠著很少的錢艱難度日。(4)Heistheonlyoneofthesoldierswhosurvivedthewar.他是唯一一個(gè)從那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中幸存下來(lái)的戰(zhàn)士。(5)Thehousesurvivedthestorm.經(jīng)過(guò)暴風(fēng)雨襲擊,這所房屋并未倒塌。survivorn.幸存者Therewasonlyonesurvivorfrom/oftheplanecrash.這次空難只有一名幸存者。survivaln.幸存Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.唯有心臟移植手術(shù)才能使他活下來(lái)。2.INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM尋找琥珀屋searchv,n.verb:~sthforsth/sb搜查某物以尋找某人或某物(1)Policearestillsearchingthewoodsforthemissinggirl.警察在搜索森林尋找失蹤女孩。(2)Firefighterssearchedthebuildingforsurvivors.消防戰(zhàn)士搜查大樓尋找幸存者。~sbforsth搜查某人以尋找某物Thepolicesearchedherfordrugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。~forsth/sb尋找某物或某人(1)Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她尋找護(hù)照，但是沒(méi)找到。(2)I’vesearchedhighandlowformylostpen.我到處尋找丟失的鋼筆。noun：~forsb/sth搜尋某人或某物(1)asearchforamissingplane搜尋失蹤的飛機(jī)(2)Shewentintothekitcheninsearchof(=lookingfor)adrink.她進(jìn)入廚房找飲料喝。(3)Somebirdsflysouthinsearchofwintersun.一些鳥飛往南方尋覓冬季陽(yáng)光。(4)Thesearchforacuregoeson.對(duì)治療方法的尋找在進(jìn)行著。(5)Thepolicecarriedout/madeathoroughsearchoftherooms,buttheyfailedtofindanydrugs.警方徹底地搜查了那些房間，但沒(méi)有找到任何毒品。3.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.琥珀屋的設(shè)計(jì)是當(dāng)時(shí)流行的奇特風(fēng)格。designv,nverb:~sth設(shè)計(jì)(1)todesignacar/adress/anoffice設(shè)計(jì)汽車，連衣裙，辦公室(2)abadlydesignedkitchen一間設(shè)計(jì)很差的廚房(3)Hedesignedandbuilthisownhouse.他設(shè)計(jì)建造了自己的家。bedesignedforsth/bedesignedassth/bedesignedtodo為某目的或用途而設(shè)計(jì)制造(1)Theglovesaredesignedforextremelycoldclimates.這些手套是為嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)制造的。(2)Thiscourseisdesignedasanintroductiontothesubject.這門課程是作為該科目的入門課而開(kāi)設(shè)的。(3)Theprogrammeisdesignedtohelppeoplewhohavebeenoutofwork.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是為幫助失業(yè)的人而開(kāi)設(shè)的。noun:(1)Shehaddesignsonhismoney.她覬覦他的錢財(cái)。(2)Wedon’tknowifitwasdonebyaccidentorbydesign.我們不知道那件事是偶然的還是故意的。4.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.她讓她的藝術(shù)家們給琥珀屋增加一些細(xì)節(jié)。addv.

~sth(tosth)添加，增加ShallIaddyournametothelist?我把你的名字加到名單上，好嗎？~AtoB/~AandBtogether加(1)Add9tothetotal.在總數(shù)上加9。(2)Ifyouadd5and5together,youget10.5加5得10。~sth(tosth)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，又說(shuō)(1)Ihavenothingtoaddtomyearlierstatement.我對(duì)先前說(shuō)的話沒(méi)什么要補(bǔ)充的。(2)“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“別遲到了！”(3)Headdedthathewouldreturnaweeklater.他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他過(guò)一周就回來(lái)了。addtosth增加Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.壞天氣增加了我們的困難。addsthup加起來(lái)AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.把我欠你的錢加起來(lái)。adduptosth加起來(lái)等于，等于說(shuō)(1)Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.這些數(shù)加起來(lái)正好是100。(2)Hislonganswerjustaddsuptoarefusal.他說(shuō)那么多實(shí)際等于是拒絕。5.TheRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoomremovev.~sth/sbfromsth將某物或某人從某處移開(kāi)(1)Heremovedhishandfromhershoulder.他把放在她肩上的手移開(kāi)了。(2)Youshouldremoveyourhatinthechurch.在教堂里你應(yīng)該脫帽。(3)Heremovedthemudfromhisshoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。(4)Thatofficerwasremovedfromhisposition.那位軍官被免職了。~sth消除，使消失(1)toremoveproblems/difficulties/objections解決問(wèn)題，克服困難，消除反對(duì)意見(jiàn)(2)Thenewsremovedanydoubtsaboutthecompany’sfuture.這個(gè)消息消除了人們對(duì)公司的未來(lái)的疑慮。(3)Itwasimpossibletoremovethestainsfromthetablecloth.這些污漬不可能從桌布上除掉。removaln.移動(dòng),調(diào)動(dòng),遷移,排除;免職(1)removalofanofficial一位官員的免職(2)Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.這家工廠宣布遷往另一座城市。6.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswereputonatrainforKonigsberg.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，那些箱子被裝上開(kāi)往哥尼斯堡的火車。doubtv/nverb：[v+sth]Thereseemsnoreasontodoubtherwords.好象沒(méi)有理由懷疑她的話。[v+(that)]Ineverdoubted(that)hewouldcome.我確信他會(huì)來(lái)。[v+wh-]Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我不敢肯定他來(lái)不來(lái)。[v+sb]Ihadnoreasontodoubthim.我沒(méi)有理由懷疑他。noun[U,C]~about/astosth/~that/wh-懷疑(1)Thereissomedoubtaboutherhonesty.人們對(duì)她的誠(chéng)實(shí)有些懷疑。(2)Ihavesomedoubtastohisintention.我有些懷疑他的意圖。(3)Thereisnodoubtthatheisakindperson.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是個(gè)善良的人。(4)Shehadherdoubtswhetherhewastellingthetruth.她懷疑他沒(méi)說(shuō)真話。beyond(any)doubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)Itisbeyonddoubtthatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，吸煙有害健康。indoubt懷疑；不肯定Sheisindoubtwhethersheisright.她懷疑自己是否正確。nodoubt無(wú)疑Nodoubthemeanstohelp,butinfacthejustgetsintheway.無(wú)疑他想幫忙，而實(shí)際上他是幫倒忙。withoutdoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)Thismeetinghasbeen,withoutdoubt,themostsuccessfulwehavehadsofar.這次會(huì)議無(wú)疑是開(kāi)得最成功的一個(gè)。練習(xí)：(1).Doyoudoubt________shewillsucceed?(2).Idoubt______________hewillkeephisword.(3).Ihavenodoubt_______hewillwinthegame.Keys:(1).that(2).whether/if(3).that7.Tothem,itwasworthmuchmorethanChenLeipaid.對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，它的價(jià)值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于陳雷花的錢。(1)worthadj,n.adj:~sth/doingsth值，值得=1\*GB3①Thehouseisworthabout￡1000000.這座房子價(jià)值1000000英鎊。=2\*GB3②Howmuchisthispaintingworth?這幅畫值多少錢？=3\*GB3③Themuseumiscertainlyworthavisit.這個(gè)博物館值得參觀。=4\*GB3④Wasitworththeeffort?它值得費(fèi)這個(gè)勁嗎？=5\*GB3⑤Thejobinvolvesalotofhardworkbutit’sworthit.這個(gè)工作很費(fèi)勁，但值得去做。=6\*GB3⑥Thetripwasexpensivebutitwaswortheverypenny.這次旅行花了不少錢，但花得很值。=7\*GB3⑦Thisideaiswellworthconsidering.這個(gè)想法很值得考慮。=8\*GB3⑧He’sworth￡10million.他擁有1千萬(wàn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。noun[U]價(jià)值Thewinnerwillreceive100pounds'worthofbooks.獲勝者將得到價(jià)值100英鎊的圖書。(2)morethan的用法=1\*GB3①“morethan＋名詞”表示“多于……”、“不僅僅是”如：Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.他不僅僅是講師，他還是個(gè)作家。=2\*GB3②“morethan＋數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：IhaveknownDavidformorethan20years.=3\*GB3③“Morethan＋形容詞”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：Indoingscientificexperiments,onemustbemorethancarefulwiththeinstruments.做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，必須非常小心儀器。IassureyouIammorethangladtohelpyou.我保證我非常高興幫你。=4\*GB3④在“more...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，約等于“是……而不是……”或“與其說(shuō)是后者，不如說(shuō)是前者”如：Catherineismorelazythanstupid.與其說(shuō)凱瑟琳笨，不如說(shuō)她懶。Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽(tīng)到那聲巨響，男孩很驚訝而不是害怕。=5\*GB3⑤“morethan”或“more...than...”＋含“can”的分句時(shí)表示“否定意思”，如：That'smorethanIcando.這我做不了。Don'tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchew.貪多嚼不爛。Herjokewenttoofar.ItwasmorethanIcouldputupwith.她的玩笑開(kāi)得太過(guò)了，我受不了。此外，“morethan”也在一些慣用語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)，如：=6\*GB3⑥Moreoftenthannot（經(jīng)常），peopletendtopayattentiontowhattheycantakeratherthanwhattheycangive.=7\*GB3⑦Allofusaremorethanalittleconcernedabout（非常關(guān)心）thecurrenteconomicproblems.總之，“morethan”看似簡(jiǎn)單，其實(shí)很有內(nèi)涵。8.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.從那以后，琥珀屋到底發(fā)生了什么事一直是個(gè)謎。remain保持；停留；剩下(1)依然：[v+adj/n/v-ed/v-ing/that]toremainsilent/standing/seated/motionless保持沉默/站著/坐著/不動(dòng)Trainfaresarelikelytoremainunchanged.火車費(fèi)可能保持不變。Inspiteoftheirquarrel,theyremainthebestoffriends.盡管吵架了，但他們依然是最好的朋友。I’msorryyou’retired,butthefactremainsthatthejobhastobedone.很遺憾你累了，不過(guò)事還得做。(2)剩下：[v+(todo)]Verylittleofthehouseremainedafterthefire.大火之后房子所剩無(wú)幾。Therewereonlytenminutesremaining.只剩下10分鐘。Muchremainstobedone.很多事有待于做。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否對(duì)以后才能知曉。(3)停留：[v+adv./prep]TheyremainedinMexicountilJune.他們?cè)谀鞲绱舻搅肆?。Sheleft,butIremainedbehind.她離開(kāi)了，但我留了下來(lái)?？祭?.(2009四川)Pleaseremain______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.toseat B.tobeseated C.seating D.seated解析：答案是D。seatsb意為“讓某人坐下”，所以某人坐著即為“(Sb)beseated”。而remain同be一樣也是系動(dòng)詞，所以后面也接seated。也可以把seated看作一個(gè)表狀態(tài)的形容詞“坐著的”。remain表示“依然，繼續(xù)”，為系動(dòng)詞，后加名詞，形容詞或分詞做表語(yǔ)?？祭?.Withthe______fivedollars,sheboughtapairofshoesforherdaughter.A.more B.remaining C.left D.rest解析：答案是B。remain表“剩下”為不及物動(dòng)詞，表主動(dòng)不用被動(dòng)，所以它的形容詞形式為-ing.C選項(xiàng)的left做后置定語(yǔ)。D項(xiàng)的rest為名詞，可帶of短語(yǔ)，不修飾名詞。9.ItcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepopulationthananyothercountriesintheworld.可以證明，中國(guó)人口比世界上任何其他國(guó)家都多。prove(proved,proved)or(proved,proven)(1)vt.證明[~sth(tosb)]Theyhopethisnewevidencewillproveherinnocence.他們希望這個(gè)新證據(jù)會(huì)證明她無(wú)罪。JustgivemeachanceandI’llproveittoyou.給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)證明給你看。[~(that)]Thisproves(that)Iwasright.這證明我是對(duì)的。[~wh-]ThisproveswhatIhavebeensayingforsometime.這證明了我一段時(shí)間以來(lái)所說(shuō)的話。[~+賓語(yǔ)+adj]Shewasdeterminedtoprovehimwrong.她決心要證明他錯(cuò)了。(2)系動(dòng)詞：證明是，顯示是[v+adj/n]Perhapsthisbookwillprove(tobe)useful.或許這本書會(huì)證明有用的。Onthelongjourney,heprovedagoodcompanion.在長(zhǎng)途旅行中他顯示出是個(gè)好旅伴。[v+to

be]Thepromotionprovedtobeaturningpointinhiscareer.這次提拔證明是他事業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。Theirfearsprovedtobegroundless.他們的擔(dān)心證明是無(wú)根據(jù)的。

[~oneself(tobe)n/adj]Heprovedhimselftobeagoodcompanion.他顯示自己是個(gè)好旅伴。難點(diǎn)突破一．長(zhǎng)難句分析1.FredrickWilliam=1\*ROMANI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國(guó)王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會(huì)有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。couldneverhaveimagined過(guò)去不可能想到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，現(xiàn)歸納如下：must+havedone只用于肯定句，意思是“過(guò)去一定做過(guò)”。can’t+havedone“過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)，肯定沒(méi)做過(guò)”，是must+havedone的否定形式。should(oughtto)+havedone表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”,含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。shouldnot(oughtnotto)+havedone則表示“本來(lái)不該做而實(shí)際上做了”，含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。could+havedone表示“本來(lái)有能力做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做”。needn’t+havedone表示“本來(lái)不必做的事，實(shí)際上做過(guò)了?！眞ouldliketohavedone表示“本來(lái)希望做而卻未做的事”。may(might)+havedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，多用于陳述句，意思是“可能……”。might比may語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。例如：例1.(2007福建)---Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.---You______itinthewrongplace.A.mustput B.shouldhaveput C.mightput D.mighthaveput解析：答案是D。mighthavedone表示過(guò)去可能做過(guò)的事。例2.(2007上海)---Guesswhat!IhavegotanAformytermpaper.---Great!You_____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave解析：答案是C。此句意為“你肯定讀了很多書”，對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)用musthavedone。例3.(2008重慶)---Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.---Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would解析：答案是A。此句意為“你可能購(gòu)物時(shí)丟了它了”，過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的事情用mayhavedone。例4.(上海

2000)My

sister

met

him

at

the

Grand

Theater

yesterday

afternoon,

so

he______

your

lecture．

A．

couldn’t

have

attended

B．

needn’t

have

attended

C．

mustn’t

have

attended

D．

shouldn’t

have

attended

解析：答案是A。此句意為“我妹妹昨天下午在大劇院碰見(jiàn)他了，所以他不可能聽(tīng)了你的講座。”表示過(guò)去不可能做了用“can’t/couldn’thavedone”。2．…whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.它花了這個(gè)國(guó)家最好的藝術(shù)家十年的時(shí)間建造的。take表示“需要，花費(fèi)”，常用句型為“Ittakessbsometimetodosth.”例如：Ittookhimallafternoontofinishthetask.他用了整個(gè)下午才完成這件工作。Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇氣。3.Aboutfourmeterslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.琥珀屋長(zhǎng)約四米，被當(dāng)作了接待廳接見(jiàn)重要客人。表示某物的長(zhǎng)，寬，高的結(jié)構(gòu)為：數(shù)詞+量詞+long/wide/high或：數(shù)詞+量詞+inlength/width/height例：---______istheheightofthemountain?---It’s8848meters______.A.Howtall;high B.What;tall C.What;inheight D.Whathigh;high解析：答案是C。高度是多少用what提問(wèn)，第二空可填high或inheight。4.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.這是兩國(guó)交戰(zhàn)的時(shí)期。=1\*GB3①atime表示一段時(shí)間，為先行詞，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?？碱}：Therewas______time______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,that B.a,when C.the,that D.the,when解析：答案是B。此題結(jié)構(gòu)和所分析的句子完全相同。=2\*GB3②atwar(with)(和…)處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)，war前不要冠詞。其他“介詞+冠詞”表狀態(tài)的短語(yǔ)有：at:atwork在工作/attable在吃飯/atplay在玩耍on:onshow在展出/onduty值班/onsale出售；賤賣/onholiday在度假/onfire在燃燒/onwatch值班，放哨/ontrial受審/onbusiness因公，因事/onguard警惕，防范in:introuble在麻煩中/indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中/inbattle在交戰(zhàn)/indoubt懷疑，不確定/inorder秩序井然，整齊/insecret秘密地，私下地/indebt欠債/inshape處于良好狀態(tài)/inanger憤怒地/inpoverty在貧困中under:underrepair在修理中/underdiscussion正被討論/underconstruction正在建造中/undertreatment正被治療undercontrol被控制住5.TheRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.俄羅斯人民從琥珀屋移走了一些家具和小藝術(shù)品。was/

were

able

to

表示過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力，成功地做了某事，表達(dá)一種結(jié)果。類似于succeededindoing或managedtodo的含義。如：He

worked

very

hard,

and

was

able

to

pass

the

examination.

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，因而通過(guò)了考試?？碱}:The

fire

spread

through

the

hotel

very

quickly

but

everyone

______get

out.

A.

had

to

B.

would

C.

could

D.

was

able

to解析：答案是D。此題意為“大火迅速在賓館蔓延開(kāi)，但人們都成功地逃出去了”，表示過(guò)去成功地做了某事只能使用was

／

were

able

to

do，故本題選D。二.詞語(yǔ)辨析：1.worth,worthy,worthwhile(1)worth:=1\*GB3①只作表語(yǔ)，有某種價(jià)值Thepictureisworth$500.這幅畫值500美元。=2\*GB3②beworthdoing值得做某事（其后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，總是用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。）Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.這臺(tái)鐘簡(jiǎn)直不值得修理。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得干的事就得干好。Nothinghesaidwasworthlisteningto.他說(shuō)的話沒(méi)有一句值得聽(tīng)。=3\*GB3③worth習(xí)慣上不用very修飾，要表示類似意思可用well。如：Theworkiswellworthdoing.(2)worthy可用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)=1\*GB3①worthyofsth值得…Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.他們的努力應(yīng)得到你的支持。

Herbehaviorisworthyofpraise.她的行為是值得贊揚(yáng)的。=2\*GB3②beworthytodo值得（表主動(dòng)）Heisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.他應(yīng)該得到這種榮譽(yù)。=3\*GB3③beworthyofbeingdone/beworthytobedone值得被（表被動(dòng)）Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.這個(gè)建議值得考慮。Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.這個(gè)建議值得考慮。=4\*GB3④作定語(yǔ)，值得尊重和考慮的，如：aworthycourse崇高的事業(yè)，(3)worthwhile:adj值得的，值得花時(shí)間、錢或精力的，=1\*GB3①作表語(yǔ),后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式均可。如：Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythedictionary.這本詞典值得買。=2\*GB3②作定語(yǔ)，如：Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.護(hù)理工作是很值得干的職業(yè)。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：在很多情況下，同一個(gè)意思可用幾種不同的形式表達(dá)。如：那個(gè)地方值得一去。正：Theplaceisworthavisit.正：Theplaceisworthyofavisit.正：Theplaceisworthvisiting.正：Itisworthvisitingtheplace.正：Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.正：Theplaceisworthytobevisited.正：Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace.正：Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.2.spend,cost,take,pay(1)spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）。例：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。=2\*GB3②spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事。例：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。(2)cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見(jiàn)用法如下：=1\*GB3①sth.costs+(sb.)＋金錢.某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。=2\*GB3②sth.costs+(sb.)＋代價(jià).做某事使某人付出了什么代價(jià)。例：Drunkdrivingcosthimhislife.酒后開(kāi)車使他付出了生命的代價(jià)。(3)take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)用法有以下幾種：=1\*GB3①Ittakessb.＋時(shí)間＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。=2\*GB3②Ittakes(sb)＋sth+todosth.做某事需要(某人)某物。例：Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇氣。Asmileissometimeswhatittakestocheerafriendup.有時(shí)候一個(gè)微笑就會(huì)使朋友高興起來(lái)。(4)pay的基本用法是：=1\*GB3①(Sb)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢（給某人）買……。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。=2\*GB3②payforsth.付……的錢。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。=3\*GB3③paysb(+todo)付錢給某人(去做某事)。例:Wepaythebaby-sitterbythehour.我們按小時(shí)給保姆錢。Iwillpayyou$3tocleanmycar.我給你3美元你替我洗車。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一．限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的概念1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、修飾的作用，關(guān)系代詞有that,which,whom,who,whose以及關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等，沒(méi)有逗號(hào)把從句與先行詞分開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確。例如：

Doyouknowtheprofessorwhoisspeakingatthemeeting?

WhereisthebookwhichIboughtthismorning?

2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。用法其實(shí)與限制性定語(yǔ)從句極為相似，只是不能用that引導(dǎo)。例如：

Thisletterisfromhisparents,whoareworkinginTibet.

Englishisanimportantsubject,whicheverystudentshouldstudywell.

二.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.從形式上看，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞緊緊相連，兩者沒(méi)有停頓；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2.從意義上講，限制性定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾先行詞，兩者密不可分；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅僅對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充性敘述或說(shuō)明，兩者關(guān)系不那么緊密。3.從翻譯方法來(lái)看，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句多半譯成漢語(yǔ)的前置定語(yǔ)，修飾其后的先行詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則往往譯成后置的并列從句。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ曩I的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thisletterisfromhisparents,whoareworkinginTibet.這封信是他父母寫來(lái)的，他們?cè)谖鞑毓ぷ鳌＃ǚ窍拗菩裕?/p>

4.從關(guān)系詞的使用來(lái)看:(1)that不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞不能省略。(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。指代前面整句的含義時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：Sheheardtheterriblenoise,