2023屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)檢測(cè)23

精品文檔你我共享知識(shí)改變命運(yùn)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars你接受了一項(xiàng)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)，要為英語(yǔ)校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)UFO的文章。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息，簡(jiǎn)要介紹UFO。名稱簡(jiǎn)介UFO是UnidentifiedFlyingObject的縮寫(xiě)世界十大未解之謎之一有關(guān)事件首次目擊報(bào)告是在1878年的美國(guó)從那以后目擊報(bào)告層出不窮，有許多是虛假的人們的看法來(lái)自其他行星的太空飛船一種自然現(xiàn)象外星人研究狀況三分之一的國(guó)家對(duì)UFO展開(kāi)研究大量關(guān)于UFO的圖書(shū)和期刊出版有些大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)UFO課程外星人alien精彩美文UFO,whichisshortforUnidentifiedFlyingObject,haslongbeenregardedasoneofthetop10unsolvedmysteriesintheworld.ThefirstUFOsightingwasreportedtohavehappenedinAmericain1878.Sincethen,numeroussightingshavebeenreportedallovertheworld,manyofwhichturnedouttobefalse.SomepeoplethinkUFOsarespaceshipsfromotherplanets,othersbelievethatthey'rejustakindofnaturalphenomenonandstillothersguessthey'realiens.NowaboutonethirdofthecountriesintheworldaredoingresearchonUFOs,aboutwhichmanybooksandjournalshavebeenpublished,andinsomeuniversitiescoursesareevensetuptostudyUFOs.名師點(diǎn)睛1．文章體裁：說(shuō)明文。2．行文邏輯：介紹UFO→人們的看法→研究狀況。3．詞匯短語(yǔ)：運(yùn)用了較高級(jí)的詞匯和短語(yǔ)。如：beshortfor(是……的簡(jiǎn)稱)，beregardedas(被認(rèn)為是……)，turnout(結(jié)果……)，setup(建立，成立)等。4．句式句法：運(yùn)用了多樣化的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：①定語(yǔ)從句：whichisshortforUnidentifiedFlyingObject,manyofwhichturnedouttobefalse,aboutwhichmanybooksandjournalshavebeenpublished；②賓語(yǔ)從句：thatthey'rejustakindofnaturalphenomenonandstillothersguessthey'realiens等。Ⅰ.單詞薈萃1．________n．天文學(xué)→________n．天文學(xué)家2．________n．生物學(xué)→________n．生物學(xué)家→biologicaladj.生物學(xué)的3．________n．物理學(xué)家→________adj.物理學(xué)的→________n．物理，物理學(xué)4．________vi.存在→________n．存在5．________vt.使……迷惑n．難題；謎→________adj.迷惑不解的6．________adj.猛烈的→________n．暴力→________adv.猛烈地7．________adj.有害的→________n．害處vt.對(duì)……有害8．________n．球體；地球儀→________adj.全世界的；全球性的9．________prep.不像；和……不同→________(反義詞)prep.→________v.&n．不喜愛(ài)10．________n．質(zhì)量；團(tuán)；塊；大量→________(pl.)群眾Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)檢測(cè)1．下蛋____________________2．密切注視；留神；提防____________________3．既然____________________4．產(chǎn)生；分娩____________________5．及時(shí)；終于____________________6．阻止；制止____________________7．感到快樂(lè)；感到振奮____________________8．突發(fā)；爆發(fā)____________________9．擋住(光線)____________________10．輪到某人____________________Ⅲ.佳句再現(xiàn)1．Theearthbecame________________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球變得劇烈動(dòng)亂，不知道這個(gè)形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)保持下去。2．Thisproducedachainreaction，________madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這引起了連鎖反響，為生命的開(kāi)展提供了可能。3．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried________________ontheearthandfellover.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我覺(jué)察我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。4．So______________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocome____________________whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.所以，在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。5．Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedinthesky______________thesunlight.由于這一事件，天空中形成一大團(tuán)塵埃，遮住了陽(yáng)光。Ⅳ.課文回憶Theearthwasjustacloudof1.________(dusty)afterthe“BigBang〞.The2.________(explode)oftheearthproducedwatervapour,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearth3.________(cool)down.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmade4.________possibleforlifetobegintodevelop.The5.________(arrive)ofsmallplantsencouragedthe6.________(develop)ofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians，7.________(be)abletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Finally,somesmallcleveranimalsappearedandspreadallovertheearth.Buttheytreattheplanetinan8.________(friend)way,andtheearthbecomestoo9.________(pollute).Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon10.________thisproblemcanbesolved.單詞點(diǎn)睛eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)1harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的(causingorcapableofcausingharm)(1)beharmfulto對(duì)……有害(2)dosbharm/doharmtosb傷害某人Thereis(no)harmin(sb's)doingsth(某人)做某事有(無(wú))害處(3)harmn．&vt.損傷；傷害harmlessadj.無(wú)害的【活學(xué)活用】(1)[2023·江蘇卷·閱讀B]Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的廢品也是有害的。(2)Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfulto(＝__________)oceananimals.對(duì)于危害海洋動(dòng)物健康的噪聲的強(qiáng)度和種類，科學(xué)家們了解甚少。(3)Itneveroccurredtohimthathiscarelessnesscoulddo________________tohimself.他從未想到他的粗心會(huì)對(duì)自己造成如此巨大的傷害。(4)Theymaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharmin________(ask)them.他們可能幫不上忙，但求他們一下倒也無(wú)妨。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)2existvi.存在；生存(1)existonsth(＝liveonsth)靠某物生存existin…存在于……之中existas…作為……而存在，以……形態(tài)存在Thereexists…有/存在……(2)existencen.存在inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；存在bringintoexistence使發(fā)生；使產(chǎn)生；使成立[溫馨提示]exist沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)[2023·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀D]Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn'texist.如果人們過(guò)著正常的生活，這些咖啡廳就不會(huì)存在了。(2)Theseservicescan__________yoursystemsorinotherorganizations'systems.這些效勞可以存在于您的系統(tǒng)或其他組織的系統(tǒng)中。(3)Accordingtosomephilosophers,everythingin________isreasonable.一些哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為，存在的事物都是合理的。(4)Eversincealongtimeago,therehaveexisteddifferentopinionsamongscientistsonhowtheuniversefirstexisted(＝________)．長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，在宇宙起源的這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，科學(xué)家們一直存在著不同看法。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)3preventv．阻止；制止prevent/stop/keep…fromdoingsth阻止……做某事protect…from保護(hù)……不受……侵襲；擋??；防御keep…doingsth使……一直做某事【巧學(xué)助記】[溫馨提示](1)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，stop/prevent…fromdoingsth中可省去from，而keep…fromdoingsth中的from不可省略；在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，這三個(gè)搭配中的from均不可省略。(2)在protect…from結(jié)構(gòu)中，from后接能帶來(lái)傷害或損害之物。【活學(xué)活用】(1)[2023·北京卷·閱讀C]Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscattering.真正的挑戰(zhàn)是防止光散射。(2)Iamverysorrythatapreviousengagementpreventsme________acceptingyourkindinvitation.很抱歉，因?yàn)槲以缫延屑s會(huì)，所以不能接受你友好的邀請(qǐng)。(3)Everypossiblemeansshouldbetakentopreventtheriverfrom__________________.應(yīng)該采取各種可能的措施來(lái)防止這條河流受到污染。(4)Unlesswegetmorefundingwe'll________________finishingourexperimentalprogramme.如果我們得不到更多的經(jīng)費(fèi)，我們將無(wú)法完成實(shí)驗(yàn)工程。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)4puzzlen.謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難(1)puzzlesb使某人為難bepuzzledby被……迷惑puzzleabout/oversth苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨(2)beinapuzzleaboutsth對(duì)某事迷惑不解(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的[溫馨提示]puzzled意為“迷惑的，不解的〞，往往用于指人或人的表情、臉色、聲音等；puzzling意為“令人迷惑的，讓人不解的〞，往往指物?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)[2023·四川卷·閱讀E]PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們很不解的是埃及人是如何移動(dòng)這些巨石的。(2)Howthesecreaturescansurviveinsuchsevereconditions________scientists.這些生物是如何在這樣艱難的條件下存活的，這使科學(xué)家們很疑惑。(3)Thepolicearestillpuzzling(＝__________)about/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍然在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。(4)Duetotheir________nightmaresthevillagershavefelt________recently.因?yàn)樽罱迕駛兛傋鰫簤?mèng)，所以大家都為此困惑不解。(5)Thereportersaswellassomecriticsremained________bytheelectionresults.一些評(píng)論家和記者們?nèi)匀粚?duì)這次大選的結(jié)果困惑不解。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)5pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力pull…up把……往上拽pulldown拆毀；摧毀pullin(車輛)進(jìn)站?？?；靠邊停靠pullover靠向路邊pullout駛出；退出pullthrough康復(fù)；痊愈【活學(xué)活用】(1)[2023·天津卷·閱讀C]Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.我坐在地板上，從書(shū)架上隨便抽了幾本書(shū)。(2)Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我覺(jué)得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)。(3)用pull短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Thepolicemansignalledthedriverto________hiscarsothathecouldcheckhislicense.②Theforeignfirmdecidedto________becauseofstrikes.③He__________hisillnessafterthedoctorhadalmostgivenhimup.④Ifyoucan________yourEnglishgrammaryoustandagoodchanceofsucceedingintheexam.短語(yǔ)儲(chǔ)存eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)1intime(soonerorlater)遲早；(eventually)最后；(earlyorsoonenough)及時(shí)ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)allthetime一直，始終atonetime曾經(jīng)，一度atatime每次，逐一fromtimetotime有時(shí)，偶爾innotime立刻，馬上attimes有時(shí)[溫馨提示]intime后可接forsth/todosth的形式，意為“做某事及時(shí)/來(lái)得及〞?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)[2023·四川卷·閱讀B]Wearrivedinthesummer,justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.我們是夏季到的，正好趕上欣賞子夜的太陽(yáng)。(及時(shí))(2)Hewasinvolvedinamurderandintimetheywouldpickhimup.他參與了一起謀殺案，遲早他們會(huì)找到他并將他逮捕。(遲早)(3)Itsoundsasifyouaregettingtreatment,andIhopethatsomemixtureofdrugsandcognitivebehaviourtherapywillhelpintime.聽(tīng)起來(lái)你好似正在接受治療，我希望藥物加上認(rèn)知行為療法最終能幫到你。(最終)(4)用time的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空。①I(mǎi)fyoukeepon,you'llsucceed____________．②Thecarcametoastopjust____________topreventanaccident.③____________，halfthelandontheearth'ssurfacewascoveredbytheforest.④We'llhavehadtheleakfixed______________．eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)2inone'sturn輪到某人；接著inturn依次；輪流；反之；反過(guò)來(lái)byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事。Itturns/turnedoutthat…結(jié)果是……【活學(xué)活用】(1)MrFranklinseemedtobeashelplessashiscousinwhenheheardthenewsinhisturn.當(dāng)弗蘭克林先生聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他也像他的表哥一樣一籌莫展。(2)Itwasmyturn________(recite).HowIwishIhadbeenabletosaytheruleswithoutamistake!輪到我背誦了，我多么希望我能夠一點(diǎn)也不錯(cuò)地把那些規(guī)那么說(shuō)出來(lái)??！(3)Theyoungparentshadto__________tolookaftertheirsickbaby.這對(duì)年輕的父母不得不輪流照看著他們生病的嬰兒。(4)Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.__________，thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate,too.氣候的變化導(dǎo)致全球氣溫升高，反之，地球的升溫也在改變氣候。句型透視eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)1ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我覺(jué)察我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。eq\a\vs4\al(句型公式)…倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞＋as…【句式點(diǎn)撥】該句型表示“……是……的幾倍〞，該句型也可用half,onefourth等詞，表示“……是……的一半/四分之一等〞。常見(jiàn)的倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式有：(1)倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as…(2)倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比擬級(jí)＋than…(3)倍數(shù)＋thesize/height/weight/depth/…＋of…(4)倍數(shù)＋asmany/much＋名詞＋as…【活學(xué)活用】(1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe＝threetimesasbigasthepresentone.＝threetimesbiggerthanthepresentone.＝threetimesthesizeofthepresentone.正在為下屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)而建設(shè)的新體育場(chǎng)將是目前這個(gè)體育場(chǎng)的三倍。(2)ThegravityonthesurfaceofMarsisabout____________________asitisontheearth.(strong)火星外表的引力大約是地球外表引力的三分之一。(3)Kenya,alandmorethan________________Britain,iseverywhereparched.(size)肯尼亞，一個(gè)面積是英國(guó)兩倍多的地方，四處干旱炎熱。(4)ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses______________thewholeofEurope.(much，據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)使用的能源是整個(gè)歐洲的兩倍多。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(●)2Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這引起了連鎖反響，為生命的開(kāi)展提供了可能。eq\a\vs4\al(句型公式)makeitpossible…使……成為可能【句式點(diǎn)撥】本句是“makeit＋形容詞/名詞＋todosth〞句型。其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，指代后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，除指代不定式結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可指代that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。【活學(xué)活用】(1)Theissueoffairandequaleducationhasarousedwidespreadconcern,whichmakesitpossibleformorestudentsfromless-developedareastobeenrolledinuniversities.教育的公平問(wèn)題引起了大家的廣泛關(guān)注，這使得更多來(lái)自不興旺地區(qū)的學(xué)生有可能上大學(xué)。(2)PeopleintheWestmakeitaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.在西方，人們常在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)購(gòu)置禮物給他們的親屬和朋友。(3)[2023·廣東卷·閱讀C]Traditionalwisdomalsohas________thatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)也認(rèn)為看電視過(guò)多會(huì)降低智商得分并影響在校的表現(xiàn)。Ⅰ.單句填空1．Nowthere'sasystem____________thewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.2．Duringthosefouryears,heworkeddayandnight,thus____________(improve)histheorygraduallyuntilitwascomplete.3．Sometimeshefound____________veryhardtofallasleepatnight,sohewenttoseethedoctor.4．Whatmakesme____________(puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.5．Formaldehyde(甲醛)isusedinthebuildingmaterials,whichisas____________(harm)achemicaltoourhealthasmelamine(三聚氰胺)．6．____________weshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththepresentserioussituationisimportant.7．Shestronglyobjectedtomymother'smarriage.Surprisingly,mymother'sreaction____________itwasrathercalm.8．Theargumentremainsextremelyheatedonwhethertherearenecessaryconditionsof____________(exist)suchaswateronMars.9．“IbegintofeelthegroundbeneathmeshakingandthenIfeelthewholeentirebuildingis____________(violent)rockingaround，〞shesaid.10．Whatwebelievedfirmlywasthatdangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfrom__________(continue)hissearch.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Theschoolhasdevelopedanonlinesystemwhichstudentscanchoosetheirownteachers.2．Apeshaveflexiblehandsmuchlikeoursbutunlikethatofanyothercreature.3．Thatheconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.4．WheneverIgetintrouble,myfatheralwaysencouragesme,“Don'tworry,mygirl.I'msureeverythingwillgetbetterontime.〞5．Thenewbridgeisthreetimeswidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.6．TiredasIwas,infact,Iwaspreventedsleepingbythepaininmyknee.7．Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,insteadreducingourcosts.8．Whenpeopleintheroomheardsomeonecrying“Fire!Fire！〞theywereseizedbypanicandbegantoruntowardsalldirections.9．Teacherscanhelpthemlearntotakerisksinanatmospherethattheyfeelconfidentaboutdoingso.10．Becausethereisnoairorwindonthemoon,thefootprintsmaystaythereformillionofyears.完成課時(shí)作業(yè)(十四)

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars【根底自主梳理】Ⅰ.1.astronomy；astronomer2.biology；biologist3．physicist；physical；physics4.exist；existence5．puzzle；puzzled6.violent；violence；violently7．harmf