武大英語考博閱讀復(fù)習(xí)講義

閱讀技巧主旨題→skim觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度題→skim/studyExample11)ResearchersbelievethatMAO(Monoamineoxidase)inthebrainhasaneffectonbehaviorbybreakingdownthechemicalneurotransmittersthatcarrymessagesbetweenneurons…2)ScientistshavefoundaconnectionbetweenlevelsofMAOandadultbehavior…3)OnestudyfoundapproximatelythesamerangeofMAOlevelsininfantsandadults…Example1A.MAOAndBehaviorPatternsB.WhatIsMAO?C.MAO'sEffectOnAdultBehaviorExample21)Evenatthemolecular(分子的)level,changeisnotspontaneous…2)Resistancetochangeobviouslyoccursinthebiologicalrealm…3)Naturehasspecialrewardsforlivingsystemswhichseekimprovement…Example2A.Change:TheSpecialRewardsinnatureB.Change:NatureResistsbutRewardsC.Change:AProblemofMolecularBiologyExample3 Inearlierdays,thosewhohadoverseasbusinesswhichtheybelievedshouldbediscussedpersonally,tookashipandsetoutacrossthebrinydeep.Onceabroad,theytransactedtheiraffairs,engagingincommercialandsocialmattersorconductinggovernmentalbusiness.Todayshipsandpassengerscontinuetosailthesevenseas,andairplanessoaroverhead.Butabovethemall,wordsspeedthroughtheskytelephoneconversationswhichquicklybringtogether,inthemostpersonalfashion,peoplewhoareseparatedbythousandsofmiles.Example31.Thebesttopicis_______.A.EarlyTravelAbroadB.OverseasTalkYesterdayandTodayC.TheImportanceofPerson-to-PersonConversationsD.TheTelephoneTodayExample32.Themainideais_______.A.Overseastelephoneservicetodayisrulingoutallneedforoverseastravel.B.Nothingcantaketheplaceofperson-to-personconversationinsettlingbusiness,social,andgovernmentalproblems.C.Manyconversations,whichoncerequiredoverseastravel,cannowbeconductedbytelephone.D.Evenwithmodernoverseastelephoneservice,peoplecontinuetotravelabroadbyshiporbyplane.Example4 Whilewemaybeinterestedinthepossibilitiesofsocialharmonyandindividualfulfillmenttobeachievedthroughnontraditionaleducation,onecannothelpbeingcautiousaboutacceptinganysortofone-sidededucationalprogramasacurefortheworld’sills.Example4Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutnontraditionaleducation?a.Hebelievesthatithasnopossibilityofsuccess.b.Hedoubtsthatitcancuretheworld’sills.c.Hefeelsthatitisacurefortheworld’sills.d.Hebelievesitwillbringsocialharmony.三.事實(shí)/細(xì)節(jié)題→scan肯定法:DictionSyntaxSignalsGeneralknowledge事實(shí)/細(xì)節(jié)題之干擾項(xiàng)：無中生有(背離主旨)--路線錯(cuò)誤偷梁換柱（最常見）--陷阱無處不在！常識(shí)錯(cuò)位(頑癥)--不要反客為主Example1WhatismostobviousinthisbookareallthosedetailsofdailylivingthatmakeMrs.Richardsanythingbutcommon.

▲Accordingtothisstatement,whatkindofpersonisMrs.Richards?Sheisveryobvious.Sheisanythingshewantstobe.Sheisanunusualperson.Sheisquiteordinary.Example2Fewphenomenainhistoryaremorepuzzlingthanthisone:thatmenandwomenwithgoalssovague,withknowledgesouncertain,withhopessofoggy,stillwouldhaveriskeddangerssocertainandtaskssogreat.

▲Whathistoricalfactispuzzling?a.thatpeoplehadsuchvaguegoalsb.thatpeopletooksuchgreatrisksc.thatpeoplehadfoggyhopesanduncertainknowledged.thatpeoplecompletedsuchgreattasksExample3

England's400HMInspectors(Waleshasitsownforceof50)providesmallteamstogointoselectedschoolsfora3-5dayinspectionaccordingtosizeortype.Thisissometimesbecausetheyhavebeencriticizedbyparents,councilorsorthepress.Theremaybeotherreasons;possiblyaschoolisknownforitsparticularlyhighstandards,inwhichcasetheinspectoratewillwishtolearnthesecretandpassitontotheMinisterconcerned.Possibly,aninformalinspector'svisithadalreadydugupsignsoftrouble.Thiswouldcertainlyleadtoafullerinspection.Example3Theinspectorsalwaysvisitschools_____.A.forthesamenumberofdaysB.ifabriefinspectionsuggestssomethingiswrongC.ifparentshavecomplainedaboutthemD.iftheyhearthattheschoolisdoingverywellTest200717.Bysaying“ForMoscow,thestakesareevenhigherinUkraine”,theauthormeans______.A.alloftheformerSovietRepublicsbetrayedRussiaexceptUkraineB.UkraineisthekeytoPutin’spoliticalplanC.UkraineisunlikeGeorgeinmanyaspectsD.UkraineweightsmoreforitscloselinkwithRussiaTest200719.What’sthemeaningofthesentence“…theKremlin’spropagandamachinehasbeeninfullswing”?A.TheRussiamediahasturnedfromsideasitdoesn’tknowwhichsidetostand.B.TheRussianmediahasshownanoverwhelmingsupportforYanukovych.C.DifferentreportsfromKremlin’smediamadethepublicswingfromtimetotime.D.Unlikewesternmedia,Kremlin’spropagandamachinehastakenaneutralstandPassage4,Test2006 Ifanewcharteroftherightsofpeople(intheFirstWorld,orNorth,orwhateveryouliketocallthepartwherepeopledonotonthewholestarve)weretobedrawnup,thereisnodoubtthattherighttobeatourist,togotoaSpanishbeachortovisitplacesendorsedasbeingofculturalorscenicinterest,wouldbeprominentamongitsclauses.Test200613.Thefirstsentenceindicatesthat______.A)peoplehaveauniversalclaimtoholidaysabroadB)touriststurnablindeyetothepovertyinthecountriestheyvisitC)holidaysoverseasareconsideredessentialbypeopleinWesternsocietiesD)PeopleseemtoappreciatetherighttoaholidaymorethananyotherrightText1 OnereasonitisdifficulttodevelopvaccinesfordiseaseslikeSARSandEbolaisbecausesomevirusesarebelievedtomutateconstantly.Ifaviruschangesquickly,avaccinemightbesuitableforawhilebutnotforever.Text11.WhyisithardtodevelopavaccineforSARS?[A]It’sasevereacuterespiratorydisease.[B]Thereisnoknowncureforthedisease.[C]Thereisaconstantchangeinthegeneticstructureofthevirus.[D]TheSARSvirusbeginsitslifeinananimalratherthanahuman.Text1 However,thescientistsenvisionthattheSARSvaccinecouldbegroundintoapowder,formedintocapsules,andconsumedasadietarysupplement.Text15.HowmighttheSARSvaccinebecommercialized? [A]Vaccinepillsmightbeavailable.[B]Vaccineinjectionmightbeavailable.[C]Vaccinetobaccomightgoonsale.[D]Vaccinetomatoesmightgoonsale.三.事實(shí)/細(xì)節(jié)題→scan否定法:WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeintuitivetalents?Anorganization’sleadershipshoulddoallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT________.E.g.Questions25&40,Readingmaterials四.判斷/推理題→studyContextSignalsLogic判斷/推理題之干擾項(xiàng)：夸大后果Smokingmentaldamage?條件不足RainWetground?Example1

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Example1Theauthorraisesthequestion"whataboutpainwithoutgain?"because_____.A.hequestionsthetruthof"nogainwithoutpain"B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworksC.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleadingD.hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinessesExample2

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition---wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny---mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,

however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition---ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped---withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Example2Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis__________.A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwordsB.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletoutC.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoalD.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambitionTest2007

Adefeatofthepro-Moscowcandidate,PrimeMinisterViktorYanukovych,wouldhumiliatetheKremlinoneyearafteranotherformerSovietrepublic,Georgia,slippedfromitsinfluence,accordingtoobserversandpoliticalanalysts. TheUkrainianupheavalechoeswhathappenedinGeorgia,whereprotestsovervoteriggingledtotheresignationofaMoscow-linkedpresidentandalandslidevictoryofayoung,western-educatedandWestern-orientedleader.Test200720.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Russiansweredissatisfiedwiththeabsenceofaseriouslycontestedelection.B.RussiawouldtightenitsruletocontrolpoliticallifeinotherformerSovietrepublics.C.AsequenceofupheavalsinitsneighborsindicateRussia’slossofcontroloverthemD.RussiawouldallowUkrainetoberuledthroughdemocraticinstitute.Test2005ButfornuclearscientistsandforcertainAmericanauthorities,ithadbeenknownforsometimethatsuchaweaponwaspossible.Thepoliticalbackgroundoftheatomicscientists'workwasthedeterminationtodefeattheNazis.Test200520.Itisimpliedthatthenuclearscientists____.A）mightnothaveagreedtodevelopthebombiftherehadbeennoNazithreat

B）wouldhavedevelopedthebombevenwithouttheNazithreat

C）wouldhavemadethebomb,underpeacetimeconditions,butonlyfortheuseofaninternationalauthority

D）developedthebombbecauseEinsteinthoughtiturgentandnecessaryText2Withtheremaining57percentofstudentsscatteredacross29othersubjects,somedepartmentsarestrained-byPrinceton'scomparativelyluxuriousstandards-whileothersareunderused.Text28.Whatdoestheauthorimplyby"Princeton'scomparativelyluxuriousstandards"?[A]Princetonhasalwaysbeenauniversityfortherich.[B]Princetonhasstricterstandardsforthe"Big5"departments.[C]YouhavetopayalargesumoftuitionfeestoattendPrinceton.[D]Theteacher-studentratioinotheruniversitieswouldusuallybebigger.Text10Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese"business-leaders-to-be.""IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem,"hesays."IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem."Text1047.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay"IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem"?A)Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.B)Hedidn'tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.C)Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.D)Hedidn'toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.五.詞匯題→study上下文信號(hào)詞/標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)構(gòu)詞法五.詞匯題→study1.定義以及重述（Definitionandrestatement）Aresolutemanisapersonwhooncemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Thismanthoughthewasomniscient,thatis,hefelthekneweverything.五.詞匯題→study1.定義以及重述（Definitionandrestatement）(1)信號(hào)詞is/are,thatis,called,meaning,putinanotherway,inotherwords,etc.(2)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：破折號(hào)、括弧、逗號(hào)、分號(hào)。五.詞匯題→study2.舉例（Examples)Selectanyoftheseperiodicals:Times,Newsweek,Reader’sDigestorTheNewYorker.(1)信號(hào)詞e.g.,suchas,forexample,forinstance,etc.(2)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：破折號(hào)、分號(hào)。五.詞匯題→study3.比較關(guān)系(Comparison)Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdriftedwiththewindlikefeathers.Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasasbuoyantintheairasacorkinwater.

五.詞匯題→study4.對(duì)比關(guān)系(Contrast)Maryistalkative,buthersisterisreticent.Mostofusseeeverythingasindependentfromoneanother.Buttherealityisthateverythingispartofoneinterconnected,interrelatedwhole.

五.詞匯題→study4.對(duì)比關(guān)系(Contrast)Maryistalkative,buthersisterisreticent.Mostofusseeeverythingasindependentfromoneanother.Buttherealityisthateverythingispartofoneinterconnected,interrelatedwhole.

五.詞匯題→study5.常識(shí)(Commonsense)ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.Markgotonthemotorbike.Isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.五.詞匯題→study6.構(gòu)詞法(Wordformation)TheAmericanideaofthefutureislimited,however.Itistheforeseeablefutureandnotthefutureofinvolvingmanycenturies.Weweretoldthatourswasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.Test2003Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.19.Theword“pristine”isclosestinmeaningto A.basic B.general C.pure D.objectiveTest2002Withthiscandourdoesthegentlemanspeakofhimselfandothers.Thesamefranknessrunsthroughallhisconversation.19.“Candour”means_____. A.frankness B.obsequious C.optimism D.sarcasmText6Sevenotherpeople,incahootswiththeresearchers,alsoexaminedthelinesandgavetheiranswersbeforethesubjectsdid.Andsometimestheseconfederatesintentionallygavethewronganswer.27.Whatwouldbethepossiblemeaningoftheword“cahoots“?A)secretpartnership B)closeconnectionC)detaileddirection D)carefulconsiderationPassage3,Test2005ViewI Thesupremetwenty-centurystatesmanandpolitician,presidingwitheaseoverthenation,andrepresentingAustraliaabroadwithdignityandaplomb.ViewII Authoritariandespitehisprofessedliberalbeliefs,hewastheenemyoftheworkers,whostayedinofficeforseventeenyearsthroughacombinationofunscrupulousopportunism,remarkablegoodluck,andthegullibilityoftheAustralianpeople.Passage3,Test2005ViewIII MenziesimposedthevaluesofabygoneageonAustralia,withhisdevotiontoBritainandtheBritishmonarchy,andhiscautiousconservatism.Hesuppressedanew,creative,energeticgenerationbycultivatingsmugness,fearandindifferenceintheAustraliaofthe1950sand1960s.ViewIV Downrightdemocratic,somethingnewanddifferentbutwithaneasy-goingmannerandaggressiveindependence.構(gòu)詞法AffixationCompoundingBlendingConversionClippingacronymAffixationPrefix:通常改變?cè)~義；Suffix:通常改變?cè)~性。1.表示否定意義的前綴

1)

純否定前綴a-,an-,asymmetry（不對(duì)稱）anhydrous（無水的）dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,nonsenseneg-,neglectun-，unable,unemployment2)

表示錯(cuò)誤意義的前綴

male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失調(diào))mis-,mistake,misleadpseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience3)

表示反動(dòng)作的前綴

de-,defend,demodulation(解調(diào))dis-,disarm,disconnectun-,unload,uncover

4)

表示相反，相互對(duì)立的前綴

anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)counter-,counteraction,counterbalanceob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupywith-,withdraw,withstand2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，鄰近，邊側(cè)”

bypath,bypass(彎路)3)

circum-,circu-,表示“周圍，環(huán)繞，回轉(zhuǎn)”，circumstance,circuit2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴4)

de-,

表示“在下，向下”descend,degrade5)

en-,

表示“在內(nèi)，進(jìn)入”encage,enbed(上床)6)

ex-,ec-,es-,

表示“外部，外”exit,eclipse,expand,export2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴7)

extra-,表示“額外”

extraction（提取）8)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foreground9)

in-,il-,im-,ir-,

表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴10)inter-,intel-,表示“在……間，相互”international,interaction,internet11)intro-,表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，內(nèi)側(cè)”introduce,introduce12)medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中，中間”Mediterranean,midposition2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴13)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward14)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead,overboard15)post-,表示"向后，在后邊，次”postscript(附言)

2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴16)pre-,表示"在前”在前面”

prefix,preface,preposition17)pro-,表示“在前，向前”

progress,proceed,18)sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-,表示“在下面，下”

subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴19)super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”

superficial,surface,superstructure20)trans-,表示“移上，轉(zhuǎn)上，在那一邊”

translate,transform,transoceanic、

21)under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

22)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)

常見的名詞后綴-abilityabilitystabilityavailability-ageleakageshortageshrinkagedrainage-aldenialdismissalrenewalwithdrawalburial-anAmericanRussianAsianIndianAfrican-anceadmittanceattendanceendurance-antaccountantattendantcontestantpollutant-arymissionaryadversarybeneficiarydignitary-ateelectorateconsulatedoctoratedirectorate-ationexaminationimaginationrelaxationeducation-cyprivacyaccuracyefficiencypregnancypresidency-domfreedom

wisdomboredomstardomkingdom

常見的名詞后綴-eeemployeenomineeexamineetraineetrustee-eer

engineermountaineerprofiteer-ence

differenceexistencedependencecompetence

-er

farmerobserverleaderwaiterwinnerrecorder-ery

briberymockerymachineryscenery-ese

ChineseJapanesePortuguese-ess

princessactressempressgoddessheiress

-hood

childhoodmanhoodneighborhoodbrotherhood-ianmagicianmusicianhistorianpoliticianphysician-ibilitypossibilityresponsibilityflexibilityvisibility-ingfeelingreadingcookingshoppingendingwashing-ionactioncontributionexhibitionproductionconclusion-ismsocialismrealismidealismoptimismterrorism-istactivistidealistcapitalistcommunistsocialistterrorist常見的名詞后綴-ity

prosperityequalityformalityhostilitygenerosity-letpigletstarletbooklet-manfiremanbusinessmanmilkmanpolicemanfisherman-mentachievementdevelopmentagreementargument-nesshappinesssadnessgoodnessboldness-oractorconductorinspectorinstructorcreator-ryjewelryslaveryrivalrybraveryimagery-shipfriendshipownershipauthorshipprofessorship-tyloyaltysafetypenalty-uredeparturefailureexposurepleasurepressure-waresoftwarehardwaresilverwarekitchenware-workhouseworkmetalworkbrainworkhomework-ymodestydifficultydiscoverytreasurytreaty常見的形容詞后綴-ableadvisableadmirablelovablecomfortablevaluable-alnationalculturalmusicalhistoricaloriginaladditional-an,ianAmericanCubanRussianAsianCanadianAfrican-anttolerantreluctantdominanttriumphantimportant-arymomentaryvoluntaryfragmentarycustomary-atefortunateaffectionatepassionatecollegiante-edexcitedboredamazedretiredbeardeddoomed-en