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2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題(衛(wèi)生類(lèi)A級(jí))
第1部分:詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1?15題,每題1分,共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn),請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1.1wantedtoaskheroutbutwasscaredthatshemightrefuse.
A.afraidB.anxiousC.sureD.sad
2.Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything
A.simplifiesB.criticizesC.evaluatesD.examines
3.Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.
A.giveB.attachC.loseD.understand
4.IgotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch.
A.instructingB.pushingC.notifyingD.inviting
5.Janesaidthatshecouldn'ttoleratethelonghours.
A.standB.spendC.takeD.last
6.Theseaturtle'snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced.
A.suddenlyB.greatlyC.generallyD.slightly
7.Andersonleftthetable,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.
A.sayingB.doubtingC.thinkingD.knowing
8.At80,PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis.
A.happyB.energeticC.aloneD.busv
9.Ayoungmanisbeinghailedaherotonightafterrescuingtwochildren.
A.reportedB.provedC.caughtD.praised
10.Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon-pollutingenergysource.
A.maintainedB.recommendedC.consideredD.acknowledged
11.Itispossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.
A.handleB.raiseC.poseD.experience
12.Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.
A.relativeB.generalC.continuousD.shard
13.Forsomeobscurereason,thesimplegameisbecomingverypopular.
A.obviousB.majorC.unclearD.minor
14.Thedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotest.
A.ignoredB.organizedC.causedD.received
15.Foresterstaredathiscar,tremblingwithrage.
A.turningB.jumpingC.shoutingD.shaking
<h?l$andLarks(SI頭II與云雀)
I.Inthi5artidc?wrlookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Monthealthyadultsneedeightof
morehoursofsleep.ButwhydoweneedsleepinthefirMplace?Weneedsleepforthebraintogela
rhanccIDrebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayanda55Ociatethc^cwithpreviouslylearnedthingsIf
tht5processisinterruptedby.say.thesoundofanalarmclock?itmaynotbea-effective.Soifyour
sleepixcutshonbythealarmclock,howdamagingisit?Thetruthi*vh^tii',difficulttopredict.”
somuchdepend、onhowmuch*lrcpyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasioru
2.Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearcnaiurallyeitherhrkn(earlyn*er?)orowlnisfalse.Therca
M)nwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyle*age*andpersonality.Many
peoplewhoappeartobeearlybird、mayhavejuMbecomeM>throughhxbit.forexample,parentswith
veryyoungchildren.Teenager;?canhavedifficultyfullingasleepuntillaicalnightandthentheynatu
r^llyhaveproblemsgctlinKupthefollowingmorning.
3.ThemainreasonwhyowkarcowlsIMthattheytendtospendtheirlimeover?book,movie,or
rumputcrgametilltheearlyhuur>ofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycan
pursueihrirpasMion.()ntheotherhand*larkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghour?wherethry
enn、tudyinquietalthetimewhentheirbruin、arcmostrefreshed.SowhichisbelterforharninKan
owl,5oraInrkSlifestyle?Thesimpletruthi*thntitismorecomplexthan'implybeingoneorthe
oihvr.lAadingawell-balancedlifeinicrm*ofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximum
rrfrohmrniisprobablythesecret.
4.Asfornap>.expertsoninsomnia(失RC)arguejigainMttakingnaps,awmaykeeppeople
upalnight.I{yournaplastsonlyfiveminute*lohalfcnhouranddoc”notuffcciyourabilitytofulla-
*lvcpinthenighi.itwillprobablyhelpyoukmorealertineveninghours.However,ifyouarc,having
problemsgettingtosleepatnight?if5notonlynap?thatyoushouldavoid.Trynotlodrinkalotofal
cohol.lakenicotine(尼#I').domentallyinicnjw?activitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexcrcihc
intheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstop*themfromsleepinglikeak)x,
whrrrnsotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallmghi.However,thebestndvicc
formostisionvoiditintheevening,andifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanap.rememberyouarclikelyto
HwnkcnAS%oonnnIhrcaffeinestartskickingin.
16.Totreatpain,patientsshouldstopmovingaround.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Headachesarepartlycausedbylackofexercise.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Exercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteofpain.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Doctorsoftenusedrugssuchasendorphinstotreatpatients.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Backachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokillpain.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Exercisehelpspainsuffererstorecovermorequicklythantraditionaltreatment.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugscompletely.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
RelievingthePain
*Exercisemaybethebc、〔treatmentofchronicpain.*saydoctorsat■newclinic(ordealingwith
pain."Peoplewithchronicpjunneedtostoplyingaround.gooutmorc?and5t?rtexercising."Thein
itinciivcreactiontoacutepainisloHtopmovingnndtoirytoprotectihesourceofpain.Butitseem、
thatthisisoftennotproductive.vMpcciallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpaintafterheadachesand
tiredness.ha,becomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacks
nowaccountformillionsofday5offwork.
Lumbar(腰部的)painsarcpartlythepricehumanepayfortakingtheirforclimbsofftheground*
buttheyaremadeworsebyascden<ary(久坐不動(dòng)的)lifestyle.I4ickofexerciseslowlydecreasesthe
flexibilityandstrengthofmuscles.sothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthe生iteofpain.Excr
riseisMsential.Itreleaseendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽).thebody*s*feelgood*chemicals,whicharenatural
painkillers.In(act*theseareM>importantthatresearchersarcnowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintain
acomfortablelevelofendorphin、inthebody.
MostpeoplewhogotoAfamilydoctorcomplainingofpainarcprescribedpain'killingdrugsrather
thanexercise.SincefindinRthecatwcofbuckacheIMnotsoeasy.doctorsfrequentlydonotknowthe
precisecauseofthediscomfort.anda?thepaincontinues*sufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesora
senesofdifferentdrugs."It'9crazy.w$aysDr.Brasseur*atherapistattheInternationalAMOciationfor
theStudyofPain.*Somcofthemarctakingdifferentdrug9prescribedbydifferentdoctorsIrvejust
xenapatientwhowa5takingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferent
names."
Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrug5arebestavoided.Oncepa
tientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckup.theirmedicationiscutdownas
muchaspossible.TakingpatientsoffdrugMalsopreparesthem(orphysicalactivity.
Insomepainreliefclinics?patientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercises,
followedbyanhouronexercisebike5.luiterintheday.theypracticet'aichi<ieffi)?^Ifdefense.and
deepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-ahalfhour,'physiotherapy(理療)aweekina
traditionalhospitalprogram.*Theid?aistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergy.flexibility*
indconfidence?wcxplainsBillWiles.aconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool."PatienuundcrROinRthis
therapygetback(oworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthantho*esubjectedtc
moreconscrvaiivetreatment."
A.WhichMbetter,beinganowloralark?
23.Paragraph1.B.Whalshouldweavoid?
24.Paragraph2.C.Whnlhelpsusfallasleep?
25.Paragraph3.I).Whatmakespeopleowlsorlurks
26.Paragraph4.E.Whydowcneedsleep?
F?Howmuch5Iccpdoweneed?
A.stayuptilltheearlyhourstofthemorning
27.Sleephelpsbrainto.B.sleepenoughtnbringmostrefreshment
28.Parentswithveryyoungchildrentendto.U.rebuildincmoricsstoredduringtheday
29.Agoodlifestylemeansonecan.D,storememoriesinthebrain
30.Itisgoodadviceformostpeopleto.E.getupquiteearly
F,keepawayfromcoffeeiniheevening
第一HImmuneFunctions
Theimmune5yMemi>cqiuilincomplexitytothecombinedintrtcacicAofthebrainandnervous
system.Thesuccessofihcimmune*y、icmindefendingthebodyrelicsonadynamicregulatorycom-
municationnrlwurkcon5iMiingofmillionsandmillkinsofcells.Organizedintoandsubsets,these
cellspassinformationbfteknndforthlikecloudsofbeenflyingaroundahive(經(jīng)娛).Theresultisa
、fnxilivcHyMrmo(check,nndbalancesihmproducesanimmuneresponsethftti*prompt,appropriate
effective,and5rlflimiting.
AttheheartofIheimmunenyMcmktheabilitytodi>(ingutMhbetweenselfandnonsclf.Whenim-
munedefendersencountercclhororguniMnscarrying(orciRnornonM;i(molecule、.theimmunetroops
movequicklyioeliminatetheintruder,(入侵衣)?Virtuallyeverybodycellcurriesdistinctivemolecules
thatidentifyitasself.Thebody'simmunedefencesdonotnormallyattackli^uenthatcarryaself
marker.Rather,immunecelhxndotherbodyevilscoexistpcaccublyinssuit*knownasscll-toler
anec.WhenBnormally(unciioningimmune>yMcmMiack*?nonsclfmoleculetthehastheabil-
ityto-remember"thespecificsoftheforeignbody.Uponsubsequentencounterswiththesamespecie、
ofmolecules?theimmunesy?4cmreactsaccordingly.Withthepo、、ibleexceptionofantibodies(杭體)
pamdduringlactation(哺乳期)?thi、nocalledimmunenysicmmemoryi*notinherited.Despitethe
occurrenceofavirusinyourfamily.yourimmunesystemrnuKl**learn*fromexperiencewiththemany
millionsofdi?ninctivenonsclfmoleculesinthenrnofmicrobe(微生物)inwhichwrlive.Learningen-
tailsprcxiucingtheappropriatemoleculesandcclktomalchupwithandcounirracteachnon?elfinvad-
er.?
Anysubstancecapableoftriggeringanimmuneresponseincalledanantigen(抗原).Antigcnnare
nottobeconfutedwithallergen、《過(guò)敏原〉?whicharemostoftenharmless5ub^iancesthatprovoke
theimmunesystemtosetofftheinappropriateandharmfulresponseknownasallergy.Anantigencan
beaviruM*abacteriumorevenaportionorproductofoneoftheseorganisms.Tissuesorcellsfrom
anotherindividualalsonetasantigens(becausetheimmunesystemrccognizextransplantedtissuesas.
foreign?iirejectsthem.Thebodywillevenrejectnourishingproteinsunlesstheyarefirsibrokendown
bythedigestivesystemintotheirprimary.nonamiRcmebuildingblocks.Anantigenannouncesi15for-
cignnrs5bymom*ofintricateandcharacteriscicshapescalledepitope“抗原衣位).whichprotrude(突
Hi)fromitssurface.Mostantigens*eventhesimplestmicrobes,carryseveraldifferentkindsof
epitopesontheirsurfacessomemayevencarryseveralhundreds.Someepitopeswillbemoreeffective
thanothersatstimulatinganimmuneresponse.OnlyinabnormalsituationdoctheimmunesyMem
wronglyidentifyselfHRnonselfandexecuteamisdirectedimmuneattack.
31.Whatisusedtodescribethecommunicationnetworkconsistingofcellsintheimmunesystem?
A.Theimmunesystem'smemory.B.Immunetroopseliminatingintruders.
C.Beesflyingaroundahive.D.Aseaofmicrobes.
32.Theimmunecellsandothercellsinthebodycoexistpeaceablyinastateknownas
A.self-toleranceB.balanceC.harmonyD.tolerance
33.Howdotheimmunecellsrecognizeanantigenas4tforeign,,or4<nonself,?
A.Throughanallergicresponse.B.Throughbloodtype.
C.Throughcharacteristicshapesontheantigensurface.
D.Throughfinehairsprotrudingfromtheantigensurface.
34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Allergensareusuallyharmfulsubstances.B.Antigenscantriggeranimmuneresponse.
C.Peoplewithantigensdonotsufferfromobviousresponses.
D.Thereisnodifferencebetweenanantigenandanallergen.
35.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Anantigenisanysubstancethattriggersanimmuneresponse.
B.Oneoftheimmunesystem'sprimaryfunctionsistheallergicresponse.
C.Thehumanbodyisanappropriatehabitatformicrobes.
D.Thebasicfunctionoftheimmunesystemistodistinguishbetweenselfandnonself
第二■CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalking?
Millionsofpeopleareuninxcellphonestoday.Inmunyphcc*itisaciunllyconsideredunusualnot
touseone.Inmanycountries*cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthe
phonesaremorethanameansofcommunication-havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecooland
connected.
Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalsworried.
Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheu?eof
mobilephcnc*、?InEnRlnnd.thereha5beenaseriousdebateaboutthisisxuc.Mobilephonecorn|>anies
arcwornedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobile
phonesarebadforyourhealth.
Ontheotherhand,whydowmemedicalstudie5showchangesinrhebraincellsof5omepeople
whousemobilephones?Signsofchangeinthetissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmod
ernscanning(歸描)equipment.InonecmatravelingxjilesmanhadtoretireatayoungAgebecauseof
seriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn'trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoften(orxetthenameofhis
ownson.Thismanusedtotulkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday.everydayofhisworking
week*(orAcoupleofyears.HisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneU5e.bu<hisemployer'sdoctor
didn'tagree.
Whaigitihaxmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?Theanswerisradiation.High-techma-
chinescandetectvery5m?llamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagree
thatthereiswmeradiationtbuttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.
Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinucs.itappearnthatifsbesttousemobilephoneless
often.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhen
yourtttllyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient?especiallyinemergencies.Inthe
future,mobilephonesmnyhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow?it's
wisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.
36.PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat
A.they'repopular.B.they5reuseful.C.they5recheap.D.they'reconvenient.
37oTheword^detected^inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedby
A.cured.B.removed.C.discoveredD.caused
38.Thesalesmanretiredyoungbecause
A.hedislikedusingmobilephones.B.hewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephone.
C.hisemployer'sdoctorpersuadedhimto.D.hecouldn'tremembersimpletasks.
39.Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingcompanies
A.denytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiation.
B.developnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiation.
C.trytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealth.
D.holdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryabout.
40.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople
A.tobuymobilephones.B.tousemobilephoneslessoften.
C.toupdateregularphones.D.tostopusingmobilephones
第三JRBeAlerttoAn1imicrobhil(抗微生物的)Resistance
Theabilityofmicro-organismstofindway5toavoidtheActionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfec-
tionstheycauncinincreasinglyrecognizednsaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevel-
opedmechnnimswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibiotics()normallyu5cdfor
theirtreatment.TheyarcknownASmuhi-drugresistantbacterifi.posingparticulardifficulties,as
theremaybefewornoalteniAtivcoptions(ortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublic
htahhproblem.WHO5uggentsthatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncon-
trolmeasure*tolimitthespreadofmultidrugresistant5trains(tRfle>andtoreinforcenationalpolicy
onprudentuseofantibiotics*rcducinKtheKrncrationofantibioticrc5i5tantbacteria.
AnarticlepublishedinTheLane11Infei'tiouhDilateson11AuguM2010identifiedanewgene
thaienablessometype、olbactcriAtobehighlyresistantioMimostnilantibiotics.Thearticleha*
drawnAttentioniotheofnniimicrobiMlresistance*and?inparticular*hasraisedawarenessofin-
fectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.
Whilemuhi-drugreMstantbacteriaarcnotnewandwillcontinuetoappear*thisdevelopmentre-
<|uircsmonitoringxndfurtherMudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmission*andtodefine
themo5teffectivemeaxurt5forcontrol.
ThosecalledupontobeulcrttotheproblemofantimicrobialrcMluncoandtakeappropriateac-
tionincludeconsumer、,managersofhospitals,puticnistaswellnationalgovrmmcntji.thepharma
ccutical(制藥的〉industryandinternationalagencies.
WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernment!!(OCUHcontrolMndpreventioneffortsinthefollow-
ingarcAAlikesurveillancelorantimicrobialresistanceirationalantibiolicuse.includingeducationof
healthcareworkersandthepublicinIheappropriateu^eofantibiolicstiniroducinxorenforcinglegis
lationrelatedtostoppingthecellingofantibioticswithoutprescriptioniandstridndhcrenccioinfec-
tionpreventionandcontrolmcAMirc5.includingtheuseofhandwashingmeasures,particularlyin
healthcarefacilities.
Successfulcontrolofmultidrugrrsistiftntmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountricn*
andthecxixtingandwellknowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreduce
transmissionofmuhi*drugresistantorganism、if^ystcmaiicallyimplemented.
WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountries(odeveloprelevantpolicies*andtocoordinateinterna
tionaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresininncewillbethethemeofWHO'&
WorldHealthDay2011.
41.Antimicrobialresistancehasbecomeaglobalpublichealthissuebecause
A.newantibioticsaretooexpensiveforpoorcountries.
B.infectionscausedbymulti—drugresistantbacteriahavekilledalotofpeople.
C.scientistsknownothingaboutmulti-drugresistantbacteria.
D.theremaybefewornotreatmenttoinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.
42.Theword^prudent^inparagraphIisclosestinmeaningto
A.unwiseB.carefulC.wastefulD.widespread
43.ThearticlepublishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseasesfoundthat
A.anewmulti-drugresistantbacteriumhasappeared.
B.somebacteriahavedevelopedanewgenetoresistalmostallantibiotics.
C.someinfectionsarecausedbyantibiotics.
D.somecountriesaresuccessfulincontrollingmulti—trugresistantmicroorganisms.
44.WH()recommendsgovernmentstofocusonthefollowingareasEXCEPT
A.educationontheuseofantibiotics.
B.keepinghospitalsfromstoringmoreantibioticsthantheycanuse.
C.controlofantibioticuse.
D.introductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.
45.Welearnfromthepassagethat
A.antimicrobialresistancewasnotnoticeduntil2010.
B.withoutWHO,nocountrywillbesafeinthewaragainstantimicrobialresistance.
C.WHOwillfocusitspreventionandcontroleffortsinpoorcountries.
D.furtherstudyisneededtodealwiththetransmissionofmulti—drugresistantbacteria.
Mt.DesertIsland
ThecoastoftheStateofMainrisoneofIhemoMirrcgulnrintheworld.AstraiRhtlinerunning
fromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout223miles.If
youfollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentime、as(nr.Thisir-
regularityistheresultofwhatiscalled哀drownedcoastline___(46)Atthattime.thewholeareathat
isnowMainewa*partofamountainrangeihaitoweredaboverhe牌a.Astheglacier(冰川)deitcen
dcd?however,itexpendedenormousforceontho5cmountains,andtheysankintothesea.
AMthemountainsunk?ocean?waterchargedoverthelowcMpnrtqoftheremainingland,former
aseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons(咸水湖》.Thehigher!partsoftheformermountaininrange,
nearesttheshore?remainedn*islands(47)Marinefossil*foundherewere225feetabovesealev-
el.indicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.
The500-mile*longrockycoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.
Manyoftheseislandsarctinynnduninhabited,butmanyarchometothrivingcommunities.MtDCM-
ertkhndoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMaineco?5tisland?.Measuring16mile5by12
miles.Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedtwodhttnclislands___《48).
Foryearn.MLDesertIsland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement*BarHarbor*affordedsummer
homesforthewealthy.Recentlythough*BarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityas
well.Bui?thebeatpartoftheinlandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Be-
causetileislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthe<cmpcratc(S)andsub-Arcticzones*theis-
landsupperstheplantsandanimalsofbothzoncsiiswellasbeachinland?andalpine(高山的)plants.
_(49)TheestAblishmcntofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeper-
pvluallyavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorsioAcadiamayreceivenatureinstruction
fromtheparknaturalistsaswellnsenjoycamping*cyclingandboatingOrtheymaychoosetospend
timeatthearchco!ogic?lmuseum,learningAbouttheStoneAgeinhabitant寫(xiě)of(heisland.
ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.___(50)Fromthesum
mit?youcangazebacktowardthemxtnlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeauty
createdbyaretreatingglacier.
A.Thismountainrises1,532feetmakingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboard.
B.ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwater,sevenmileslong.
C.ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertsIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.
D.Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalltheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.
E.Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.
F.Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.
Pandemic(大面積流行的)H】N12009
ThemostactiveareasofpandemicinfluenzatransmissioncurrentlyarcincentralandeasternEu-
rope.Focal(集中的)increasesinratesduringrecentweekwere(51)inatleasttwoeasternEu-
ropeancountries.Ahighintensityofrespiratory《呼吸的)diseaseactivitywithconcurrent(同時(shí)存在
的)circuhtionofpandemicinfluenzastill(52)inpartsofsouthernandeasternEurope.
(53)inGreece.Poland*andUkraine.
InWesternEurope*influenzatransmissionremains(54)andwidespread.butoveralldis-
easeactivityhaspeaked.AllinfluenzavirusesinWesternEuropewerepandemicH1N12009.
(55)tverysmallnumbersofseasonalinfluenzaviruses.coveringlessthan1%ofallinfluenzaviruses
found*werereportedinRussia.In(56)?limitedavailabledataindicaiethatactive*highinten*
sitytransmissionisoccurringinNorthernAfric
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