醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語課件1

BuildingABetterHeart

SecondChance:artificialheartQingYeDepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgeryRenJiHospital

第一頁，共二十七頁。Milestonesinartificialheart1953,aheart-lungmachinedesignedbyDr.JohnGibbonisusedinasuccessfulopen-heartsurgery,demonstratingthatanartificialdevicecantemporarilymimicthefunctionsoftheheart1955,ateamofscientistsledbyWillemKolff,testedtheirmodelinanimals第二頁，共二十七頁。1964,theNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitutesetsagoalofdesigningatotalartificialheartby19701966,Dr.MichaelDeBakeyofHoustonsuccessfullyimplantsapartialartificialheart第三頁，共二十七頁。1967,Dr.ChristiaanBarnardperformsthefirstsuccessfulhumanhearttransplant.Thepatients,53-year-olddentistLouisWashkansky,dies18daysaftersurgeryinSouthAfrican第四頁，共二十七頁。

In1969,ateamledbyDentonCooleyoftheTexasHeartInstitutesuccessfullykeptahumanpatientaliveformorethansixtyhourswiththeirmodel(temporary).Thepatientgetsahearttransplantthreedayslaterbutthendies1?daysafterward第五頁，共二十七頁。In1982,ateamledbyWilliamDeVriesoftheUniversityofUtahimplantedtheJarvik-7intoapatientnamedBarneyClark,whosurvivedwithJarvik-7for112days1982-1985,Dr.WilliamDeVriescarriesoutaseriesoffiveimplantsoftheJarviktotalartificialheartWilliamSchroeder,lived620days,dyinginAugust1986atage54第六頁，共二十七頁。1994,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapprovestheLeftVentricularAssistDevice,whichhelpsfailingheartscontinuetofunction2000,AmaninIsrealbecomesthefirstrecipientoftheJarvik2000,thefirsttotalartificialheartthatcanmaintainbloodflowinadditiontogeneratingapulse2001,doctorsatJewishHospitalinLouisville,Ky.,implantthefirstself-contained,mechanicalheartreplacementintoapatientTworecipient:RobertTools&TomChristerson第七頁，共二十七頁。RobertJarvikHewasborninMichiganonMay11,1946In1964,hisfatherbecameillwithheartdiseaseandhadtohaveopenheartsurgery第八頁，共二十七頁。RobertJarvikJarvikbecameveryinterestedinmedicineatthatpointandbegantothinkaboutpossibledesignsforartificialheartsthatcouldhelppeoplelikehisfatherHeinventedJarvik-7andJarvik-2000第九頁，共二十七頁。Jarvik-7Jarvik2000第十頁，共二十七頁。Prof.WillemJKolffHewasborninLeiden,NetherlandsGraduatedfromtheUniversityofLeidenIn1955,heimplantedanartificialheartintoadogTutorofDr.RobertJarvik1981,heappliedtoFDA第十一頁，共二十七頁。Dr.WilliamdeVriesAnAmericancardiothoracicsurgeonReceivinghisMDdegreefromtheUniversityofUtahin1970Asaresidentincardiovascular/thoracicsurgeryatDukeUniversityMedicalCenterAssistantprofessorofsurgeryattheUniversityofUtahuntil1984第十二頁，共二十七頁。Dr.WilliamdeVriesSince1984,hehasbeendirectoroftheartificialheartprojectoftheHumanaHospitalAuduboninLouisville,KentuckyPerformedthefirstsuccessfulpermanentartificialheartimplantforBarneyClarkbyusinganartificialdevicedesignedbyDr.RobertJarvik第十三頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkAn61yearoldretireddentistfromSeattleFirstrecipientoftheman-madeartificialheartonDec1,1982attheUtahMedicalCenter第十四頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkSixyearsbeforethetransplant,hehadcontractedamysteriousviralinfection,whichmadehiscardiacmuscleflabby,weakandswollenfromalackofbloodflowBecauseofhypertensionandhisage,hewasnotanacceptablecandidateatanyhearttransplantationcenter第十五頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkHewasintroducedbyhisprivatedoctortoDr.WillimDeVriesThemeetingincludedvisitstolaboratorieswheretheJarvik-7wasmanufacturedandtheanimalbarnwheretheyobservedcalves/sheepwithsimilarheartimplantsHewasgivenan11consentformTherewasnoguaranteethattheoperationwouldincreaseClark’slifespan,noguaranteehewouldregainhisindependence第十六頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkTheconsentformstated“Irecognizethatiftheartificialheartdevicefails,deathorseriousinjuryisthenearcertainresult.Ineverthelessaccepttheriskofsubstantialandseriousharm,includingdeath,implementationoftheartificialheartdevicecanbedemonstrated第十七頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkHesignedaconsentformonNov30,1982at9:52p.mafterbeinginterviewedbysixmembersofaspecialheartsubcommitteeatUniversityofUtahMedicalCenterThesurgerywasscheduledatthemorningofDec2,1982However,hewasimmediatelyrushedintotheoperatingroombecauseofhisdeterioratingheartonDec1,1982at10:30p.m.第十八頁，共二十七頁。Dr.BarneyClarkHesurvivedwithJarvik-7for112daysAseriousofcomplicationledtoClark’sdeathfromcirculatoryandmulti-organcollapseonMarch23at10:02p.m.第十九頁，共二十七頁。TworecipientsofAbiCorartificialheartRobertTools,firstrecipientofAbiCorartificialheartwasdiedfivemonthsafterimplantation,2001第二十頁，共二十七頁。TworecipientsofAbiCorartificialheartTomChristerson,secondrecipientofAbiCorartificialheartarestillaliveformorethanoneyear第二十一頁，共二十七頁。ArtificialheartsabandonedBytheendofthe’80s,theJarvikdeviceshadbeenimplantedtosustainpatientswaitingfortransplantsSincethen,developmentofanimprovedartificialhearthascontinuedScientists